英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 cW@Zd5&0S
表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: 6jE|
倍数增加 ,)Me
一、 A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①)A is n times greater (longer, 5m\<U`
more,…)than B.(②)A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of w$zu~/qV2
B.(③)以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. I,>-t GK
Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three Mo?~_|}
times the length of )that one. JTO~9>$ B
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 7K,-01-:
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 LlX{#R
二、increase to n times(④) xjfV?B'Y}V
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) ~.{/0T
increase by n times(⑥) }()5"QB
increase by a factor of n(⑦) `
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以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 ?pr9f5
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times F
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as compared with last year.
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The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against "& ])lz[u
l986.化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。 N60rgSzI
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. h`KFL/fT
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 Zn&,
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The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. sy:[T T!w
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 z:8eEq3w
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 =
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三、There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧)应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: wQqb`l7+
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. zL$@`Eh-KP
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 tNO-e|~'
四、double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨)Eg. The efficiency of the K&vF0*gN3
machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled.这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 [B+yyBtx
五、此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: S>h;K`
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(=A is twice as much H5DC[bZMb%
(large,long,…)as B.(⑩)应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 WKC.$[T=
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B. L^E[J`
【=A is one a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as +]*zlE\N`
B.】(11)应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 UJD 0K]s