独立主格特征 A}!J$V:w]
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 E-FUlOG&
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 .)3 <Q}>
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 Ort(AfW
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） 4ppz, L,4
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. n"8Yv~v*2j
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ^rz_f{c]-
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). /_.|E]
,: ^u- b|
真题剖析 *^r}"in
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. g2]Qv@nxw
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because QWU-m{@~&
虚拟语气（1） AFn7uW!9Gw
虚拟语气（2） +ai<
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• 1. （should）+动词原形 &3&HY:yF
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 H*6W q
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 _dU\JD
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 #z42C?V
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 d5 -qZ{ W
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 [B3RfCV{
would rather +动词过去式 /@5YW"1
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真题剖析 {+Jv+J9
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … *ui</+
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t ? ubro 0F:
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. AwN!;t_0+N
53. A. ordered B. pleaded ]^]wP]R_
C. decided D. demanded 7z-[f'EIUI
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非谓语动词 lfg6 646?S
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 Zc2PepIg
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) v,t:+
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• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) iQ{VY
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• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 0$nj MnB2l
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真题剖析 D,6:EV"sa
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. m kexc~l
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops c%&>p||
主谓一致 (1) YK\X+"lB
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 /( LL3cZK
How you got there doesn’t concern me. pXUSLs
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. NO3/rJ6-
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 n*$ g]G$
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. v2?ZQeHr_(
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 Ls%MGs9PI
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 u&NV,6Fj2[
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 7Ix973^
主谓一致 (2) |{8Pb3#U
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 >V~E]P%@
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. r3Ykz%6
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) Q;u pau
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） ]-q; 4.
He no less than John is interested in literature. PM+[, H
主谓一致 (3) <q SC#[xu
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) `]X>V,
Either my father or my brothers are coming.
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• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ;fJ.8C
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. /\Ef%@
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真题剖析 !?XC1xe~R
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. #jk_ 5W
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some ]q.0!lh+WL
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate "{n&~H`
倒装 G"6 !{4g
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一、全部倒装 U17d>]ka
二、部分倒装 "z c l|@
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全部倒装 Nl/dX-I
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” j [a(#V{
There stand big buildings in this district. F:VIzyMq<
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. :Al!1BJQ
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) SKt r tm
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. u!s2 BC0}N
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 I|OoRq
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 9ati `-y2
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全部倒装 43w }qY1
• 4. 表语位于句首 b' y%n
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. N o$3"4wk
Not far from here is a famous university. \^LFkp
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 vIvIfE
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. YQ} o?Q$z
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. }qUX=s
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• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） 3'Rx=G '
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. g 7| @
部分倒装 Pfh mo $
• 1. 疑问句 YR70BOxK
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） vI?, 47Hj+
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. SJLis"8
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 JT?h1v<H]
Only when he comes back can be leave. e.%nRhSs 3
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 h( 4v8ae
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. cK@wsA^4
部分倒装 )+^+s d
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) + 3gp%` c4
By no means should you break the rules. iscz}E,Y
At no time should we give in to difficulties. s.rm7r@ #
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) R_KH"`q
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” "Q<MS'a
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. wzA$'+Mb
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
