独立主格特征 rhY>aj
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 "GoNTM5h
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。
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• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 Wh[+cH"M
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） a*JM2^,HO
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Srj%6rgsB
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ) \_xB_K\
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). KpBh@ S
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真题剖析 -a(f -
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. ,t5X'sY L
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because M iIH&z
虚拟语气（1） 6W$ #`N>
虚拟语气（2） -
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• 1. （should）+动词原形 X&DuX %x0
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 G3&ES3L
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 =BJ/ZM
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 )l *H $8
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 @OAX#iQl
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ,
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would rather +动词过去式 u.iFlU
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真题剖析 84tuN
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 9x.vz
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t wqBGJ
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. >1: s.[&
53. A. ordered B. pleaded 65 AXUTg
C. decided D. demanded >bxT_qEm
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非谓语动词 ZmO/6_ nU?
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 udB:ys
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) *{tn/ ro6a
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) R?+Eo(0q,
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 g. f!Uc{
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真题剖析 `m<l8'g
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. (rFY8oHD
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops f[ GH
主谓一致 (1) N-jF A8n
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 lE 08UEk1i
How you got there doesn’t concern me. tc@v9`^_
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. KJ,{w?p~
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• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 s`Z(f:/6*
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. g]i WD;61
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 m\U@L+L
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ]eb9Fq:N7
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). v"O{5LM"
主谓一致 (2) Bcrd}'no
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 7u,56V?X
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. -`]B4Nt6
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) W5$jIQ}Bw
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） ckP&N:tC
He no less than John is interested in literature. 1 dz&J\|E#
主谓一致 (3) Slq=;TDp
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) T#J]%IDd
Either my father or my brothers are coming. eL^,-3JA(]
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ;W?e@ Lgxk
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. &xr? yd
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真题剖析 T9{94Ra
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. `*9W{|~Gwx
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some h_?D%b~5
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate / !jd%,G
倒装 dQ`ch~HVUW
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一、全部倒装 y M , hF
二、部分倒装 M^mS#<
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 0Vh|UJ'&7
There stand big buildings in this district. .cQwj
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 76}
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• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) N#C,_ k
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 1`5d ~>fV
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 vNd 4Fn)H
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. fseHuL=~
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全部倒装 $eX ;
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• 4. 表语位于句首 8D)*~C'85E
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. ^&h|HO-5
Not far from here is a famous university. Uj0DX >I
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 4ZQX YwfC|
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. Goz9"yazg
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. cDxjD5E
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） jToA"udW/
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. mj%Iow.
部分倒装 `+\ +
• 1. 疑问句 k JlRdt2
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） F4e< =R
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 4 rw<C07Z
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 Tr(w~et
Only when he comes back can be leave. X[(u]h`
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 Qi w "x,
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. SH<Nt[8C
部分倒装 +K;
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) qI)
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By no means should you break the rules. |bO}|X
At no time should we give in to difficulties. p3\F1]( Z
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) i ?A4uyYwS
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” U9y[b82
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. Ih{(d O;
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
