独立主格特征 A~\:}P N
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 *P$5k1
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 /cJ$`
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• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 + &O[}%W
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） tJUMLn?
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. M98dQ%4I
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. rD%(*|Y"c
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). hnvn&{|
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真题剖析 g/lv>*+gS
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. ^
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because
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虚拟语气（1） jzI\Q{[m'
虚拟语气（2） =5oFutg`
• 1. （should）+动词原形 Zul]e kv
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 aP cO 9
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 6@wnF>'/\
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 (+@3Dr5o0}
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ` 2J6Dz"W
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 oE "!
would rather +动词过去式 ^+mSf`5
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真题剖析
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 4D$$KSa
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 6DaH+
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. zST# X }
53. A. ordered B. pleaded M
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C. decided D. demanded [jD O8n/
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非谓语动词 lr +Kwve
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 O
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• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Lt@4F
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) QMy;?,
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 aZ*
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真题剖析 +]I;C
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. mRj-$:}L
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops >^| \wy
主谓一致 (1) B V+"uF
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 eJ'2
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. F m h;d*IT
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 0z#+^
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ]hF [f|V
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. [%P_
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• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 <~"q z*_
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 X]C-y ,r[M
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). @,M !&l
主谓一致 (2) ptb t
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 zJ|Ek"R.
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. /
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) VG2TiR 1
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） Fd5{ pM3
He no less than John is interested in literature. A[htG\A` 0
主谓一致 (3) P ~ffgzP
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ecA0z
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. wbd>By(T 1
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 GG(rp]rgl
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. N=tyaS(YJ
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真题剖析 I i mz
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 3|9) A+,#
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some n U$Lp`
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate p8Lb *7W
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二、部分倒装 <X|"5/h
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全部倒装 $qg5m,1?
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” lNqXx{!k
There stand big buildings in this district. Yfxc$ ub
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. V)!Oss;i
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) \Qu~iB(Y
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. =2J+} ac
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 V aVKWJg$
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 0)k%nIhj
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• 4. 表语位于句首 AGK+~EjL@
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. ]$0{PBndW
Not far from here is a famous university. MSR
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• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 T_v
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. W=I%3F_C"R
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. 9dqD(S#C;"
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） ~NU~jmT2
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. PJO;[:
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• 1. 疑问句 RM%l hDFY
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） Q `r1pO
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. |])%yRAGQ
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 n$#^gzU4
Only when he comes back can be leave. Vk0O^o
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 oDKgW?x
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. .(1=iL_3e
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) dn%/SJC
By no means should you break the rules. (:-DuUt
At no time should we give in to difficulties. D=9x/ ) *G
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 2HQHC]
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” w:z_EV!&
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. {) Y
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
