独立主格特征 mW_B|dM"
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 Q /JX8<7K
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 j?5s/
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 fT:a{
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） O@$wU9 D<
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. %T OYU (k
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. jJ(()EJ
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). v5aHe_?lp
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真题剖析 ,5tW|=0@
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. GS!7HphR
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because n/>^
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虚拟语气（2） 7U:-zfq
• 1. （should）+动词原形 SCXH {8SS
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ^xBF$ua37)
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Oa 8lrP`(
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 BqF%2 {
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 i4'
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• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 |
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would rather +动词过去式 N-lo[bDJ h
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真题剖析 fj/sN HU
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ??4#)n
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t U\crp
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• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. P|:* OM
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded \R m 2c8Z2
C. decided D. demanded m'L7K K-Y)
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非谓语动词 F" #8`Ps>
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 t *8k3"
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) li U=&wM>
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) zF%'~S0{
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 +IRr&J*P
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真题剖析 N
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ]~')OSjw
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops T:/68b*H\:
主谓一致 (1) oic j3xkw?
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 .U66Uet>RX
How you got there doesn’t concern me. !7m
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. A3\%t@y
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Cb{n4xKW6
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. \:ELO[(#|{
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 z%F68 f73
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 H-*"%SJ
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Ws+Zmpk%
主谓一致 (2) R^fk
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• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 @iW^OVpp<8
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. vPVA^UPNV
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) c:
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• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） q ;@:,^
He no less than John is interested in literature.
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主谓一致 (3) ]^= 'aQ
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 7 _AR()CM
Either my father or my brothers are coming. ,| \62B`
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 x k1pZQ8c
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 1I'ep\`"X
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真题剖析 $] js0 )>
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. aYjFRH`
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some gF snL*L0
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate &DqeO8?Q
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二、部分倒装 4_`ss+gk
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” HWr")%EhD
There stand big buildings in this district. ]LvpYRU$P
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ^J DiI7
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) &ZjQa.-U>
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Min^EA G@
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 sK#)wjj\^
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. p y,B6UB5
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• 4. 表语位于句首 =6mnXpM.
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. ToUeXU
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Not far from here is a famous university. RH, 1U3?
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 DU6AlNx
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. t
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. 0Ywqv)gg
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） = O
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. ^]He]FW':G
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• 1. 疑问句 G
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• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） !]tZ E%?
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. wo;`D
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 8$fiq}a
Only when he comes back can be leave. ;
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• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 p[*NekE6-
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. DkP%1Crdr
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Re <G#*^
By no means should you break the rules. >$]SYF29
At no time should we give in to difficulties. ;;E " +.
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) Y-%S,91O
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词”
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Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. Z:|2PQ4
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
