1955: Opening day1 !M&L<0b:7e
An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the (^'TT>2B
Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the C PV R
park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, 7hq*+e
1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was /sf:.TpVh
held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests >|L,9lR_b
and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, agqB# ,i
were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's dUOvv/,FZT
friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald 8B C F.y
Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it <o^_il$W
was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event L+7j4:$B8
did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation- XJ~_FiB
only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads M7 &u_Cn?
nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 `Q V}je
°C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking =.,]}
fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains TN}YRXtW+
or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated Jw'%[(q
Q
negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged w?6"`Mo
guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell O^v^GG=e;C
soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft TQDb\d8,f
that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas lwhAF, '$
leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland >VnkgY
to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over d:C-
the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur (SV(L~ T_
Carrousel /NCEZ@2BN,
The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited :9N~w d
members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the w *[i!i
true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel #W,BUN}
for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as i,N U%b e
【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin WJBi#(S Y
badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For ;
m F-y,E
example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago $lmbeW[0
today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years, Disney did &/*XA
officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the Uj&2'>MJ$
park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as k`Nc<nN
8
"Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday T c t8NG
July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the Bsi HVr
first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson sh(G{Yz@
with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre- Q':x i;?Kt
purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with mh;<lW\K/Z
two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and [_6_A O(Z
Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a UR6.zE4=_
deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. S'qEBz
guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received T{v(B["!$
【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded 8<ZxE(v
one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single x'_I{$C &
Disney-owned park in the world. :iJ+ImBpK
W5 y. j: t6 G2 j7 \0 A+ Q! c2 h T X.YTU
A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, FOiwB^$ >
most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of _]8FCO
wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course WGFp<R
for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for KB49~7XjQ@
$400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a ei)ljvvmHP
prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of Y`jvza%
Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to s^+h
>
his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was <EFA^,3t%
dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider \}Fx''
across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the [ sJ f)<
Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, ;Ak<O [
with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was rC.z772y%
simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, s<VN
W
and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th ]V*s-och'
century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th y<(q<V#0!S
century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is 1'DD9d{ qN
toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the FrBoE#
Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to @\0U`*]^)
public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be SyFw
taught.Evolving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the 5v6 x
Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 5/Viz`hsz
students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and i ]&C=X
graduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of 5%,5Xe4p
Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video
l,j7I3&~%
learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available Vg'v L[Y
online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. 5{nERKaPf
About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.！ k " &2Kvsz
！ t+ V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s IcmTF #{D
longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward- ^o&3 +s} M
thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, 8,iBG! RF
who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth — s2=rj?g&(X
the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established W
no{& I63
the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a k4:$LFw@
trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in U-~cVk+LI
Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to students q"){P RTm/
regardless of gender, race, or age. The first Lowell lecture, on BUcPMF%\y:
geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor :[![9JS/
for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets }-Y M>q
being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate *IBT!@*Q&
“courses” — which were lecture series on a single topic — fz/Ee1T\
sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free j9Qd
45
lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. wEd +Ds]$
Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn 6ub-NtVu
a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying <ZmC8&Uo
teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University Jr|"QRC
Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell :
:;YS9e
surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated government scholar BK>3rjXi>a
A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by yM* CA,(c
1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal r~f*aD
education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision s VXIR
of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education x=-dv8N?
gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His r 0m A
first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later n^}M*#
became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of /%qw-v9qPV
“concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University w3,DsEXu
Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new m@(8-_
history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry ,_SE!iL
out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.” 9gWR djK:
John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in = ;tDYuFc!
the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all S"-q*!AhK
around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find 6?B'3~ r
work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law 1#nR$
school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in gc5u@
(P"
Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury sGBm[lplz
litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of A(Tqf.,G
Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto K;ncviGu
County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12- JXT%@w>I
year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would *U<l$ gajq
have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He " pZvV0'
proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, NY(z 3G
called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next
nky%Eb[\
novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 ! '
}
weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his _%r +?I
wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian s t7\k]J\
home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near vk:k ~
Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time 0\B31=N(
to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. vHydqFi 9
As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and ~]w|ULNa3|
now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six E%.w6-
ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League "d
5nVO/
teams. ;#i$5L!*B
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel? hRU5CH/!
A. A case of murder. <2. 87:
B. A case of rape `d
,v
C. His father’s experience $.5f-vQp
D. His life on the farm ~[N"Q|D3Y
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ? $>M-oNeC
.It was popular at the time of publication qOqU
CRUe:
It earned Grisham great fame. .="/n 8B
C. It brought Grisham wealth @H83Ad
D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.3 y3 i6 L' Z& x. 0[
BPmO6
S! H) W swTur
50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built *+UgrsRk
ballfields on his property ________. `;c{E%qeq
答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the NZQl#ZJH:
children =i1+t"=
My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality 2uE vu
transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they *NjjF k=R
change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become 6rll0c~
grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the n5U-D0/Q
other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents AzZb0wW6p
’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s FhFP M)[
clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having K\VL [HP-
to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me {aoG60N
to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and ?l/+*/AR ;
dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays h?- *SLT
When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full ls ,;ozU
form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the T*"*##c
grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take l\DcXgD
x
two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite 2 )F~
often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren JU`5K}H<
never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma zf .&E3Sn
carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into "V3f"J?
following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of d8Sr,t+
candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear G9AQIU%ii
while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the XNaiMpp'
sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and >0 AVs6&;v
Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to LQ{z}Ay
bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly (>
VD#n
active kids. ]1dnp ]r
Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to #,jw ! HO]
forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily m[$pj~<\
life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is "8*5!an
u-
“developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, `&/ ~%>
she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house {Q/_I@m].
while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold P~9y}7Q\ 0
one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am Xo/0lT
“impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa +<$b6^>!$
smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive Kn`-5{1B|
love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty qGhwbg
jealousies. +et )
!2N
6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author ?3; 0 SAh
______ . w<$0n#5
A. feels jealous B. feels amazed <wj}y0(
C.thinks it unnecessary D. thinks it annoying ~`!{5:v
7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets? o`%;*tx
A. They get highly energetic. B. They quiet down.' 5 169E*
C. They want more sweets. D. They go to bed. _ d* QA{
Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children? ^#p+#_*V
A. They behave very well. O]-s(8Oo3
B. They like chocolate very much. HE.YfD)
C. They receive toys from their grandparents. Xb\de_8!
The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an 9 6j*F,{
increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that h:~
8WV|
many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. ]h 4r@L3
overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior &!0%"4
and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins v i~NfD@s
and gorillas（大猩猩）, says a report in New Scientist./ D! K9 _: K5 D .e1Yd8
~% X K>S:Z
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by :7DXLI|L#?
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, bd[% =5
many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many WLA LXJ7
ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they lm\~_ 4l1
are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations” dvPlKLp
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by ~=i<O&nai
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “ ~xakz BE
many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on D !5 {CQl
environmentally friendly policies and operations.” LY1dEZ-)A
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 kCvf-;b
percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. U_6 1y;Q"
Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that 2YhtD A
although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land 1vUW$)?X
use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. iiD }2y b
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their &)GlLpaT
habitat by tourists and mongooses（蠓）have caught lung diseases from 1 ILA Utf)
human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better ]JvZ{fA%*
regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where ' T%70)CM~
visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model E-"b":@:
41. Ecotourism is meant to ______. ^ gdv:[ m
A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife" I_
3{i`g
B.have wild species respond well to contact with human P2=u -{?~
C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior .j^=]3
D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife t^SND{[WcM
42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. .$N8cYu0
A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit 4">C0m;ks
B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices A_}6J,*u
C. actually lack proper examination and official approval }e0>Uk`[
D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species th rv_
^A
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present |[/'W7TV%?
"ecotourism" practice goes on? ,pR.HCR#Y
It will disturb their life. @lTd,V5f
It will affect their health. tde&w= ec
C. It will increase their stress. C[Nh>V7=
D. It will threaten their survivalf = sh3&8
45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem p n(y4we
is to ______. 9
gWqs'
A. encourage people to manage endangered species }^]TUe@a
B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings^ ;I!Vba
C. help wild animals increase their fitness 9Je+|+s]
D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease WIYWql>*
答案 BDC BAA ACDB（仅供参考） Twq, 6X-
