1955: Opening day1 W$N_GR'4
An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the gnNMuqt
Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the 6*k Y7
park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, +KDB ^{
1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was _+wou(1y
held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests O\XN/R3
and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication,
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were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's `BMg\2Ud*
friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald #It{B
Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it gx 4`pH;B\
was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event ?nB).fc
did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation- ! s?vj
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only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads G#)>D$Ck#
nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 9/{+,RpC
°C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking h;^h[q1'
fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains Vg\EAs>f
or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated 0D/j2cT("k
negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged w%VHq z$
guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell aoc o'BR F
soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft hBLJKSv
that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas ^;<s"TJ(m)
leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland =JOupw
to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over
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the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur l K9u
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Carrousel ' ,a'r.HJH
The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited 7sC$hm]
members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the ,@/b7BVv
true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel u#\= g:
for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as nDkyo>t
.
【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin bb$1RLyRL
badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For vE>J@g2#
example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago 6QLWF @
today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years, Disney did r fkk3oy
officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the iPa!pg4m
park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as C^aP)&
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"Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday { e<J}
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July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the Vu*
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first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson
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with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre- )V!9&
purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with 5MQD:K2
two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and YS{])+s
Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a R K Fz6t
deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. @r% [e1.
guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received PM=Q\ 0
【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded y/$WjFj3"
one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single V.XHjHT
Disney-owned park in the world. [`Ol&R4
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A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, X{| 1E85fl
most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of ' aBX>M
wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course ua /A &XQx
for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for }9/ 30
$400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a -w1U /o.
prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of Dq)V] Zx
Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to .</d$FM JE
his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was Rg HPYf{
dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider MOP/ q4j[
across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the |P$t LOrG
Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, x>A(016:C
with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was 94=Wy
-
simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, Lco JltY{5
and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th @.yp IE\
century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th "9!ln
century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is EA7 8&
toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the XpJT
/&4
Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to :;cKns0OA
public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be hk 3}}jc
taught.Evolving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the 3Wa^:8N
Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 0j %s
H
students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and N\ChA]Ck
graduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of - Ob'/d5&
Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video T?4M Fx#
learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available 1Jg&L~Ws"
online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. Qh<_/
X?
About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.！ k {'C PLJ{R
！ t+ V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s . :A9*,
longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward- m/O
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thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, x o k8
who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth — ghq [oK
the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established rJH u~/_Dq
the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a /Fy2ZYs,`8
trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in uDvZ]Q| .
Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to students =Y
Je\745
regardless of gender, race, or age. The first Lowell lecture, on P /|2s
geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor [v h&o-6
for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets &o%IKB@
being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate 21M
r2-#z
“courses” — which were lecture series on a single topic — D@A@5pvS
sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free 6..G/,TB
lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. Kq& b1x
Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn '0|0rwx
a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying CzDJbvv ]
teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University p?F%a;V3
Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell '*gY45yT`
surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated government scholar K,_d/(T4
A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by P(AcDG6K
1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal
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education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision 1 ? be
of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education "g}m xPe
gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His K@d, 8
[
first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later [C_Dv-
d
became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of xg*)o* ?
“concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University %*J'!PC9n
Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new 4FLL*LCNX
history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry (b!`klQ
out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.” )/uu~9SFd
John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in \ k&(D*u
the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all Ib V 7}
around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find |a! y%R =
work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law R|tf}~u !x
school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in D X|yL!4[
Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury iH&BhbRu_
litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of bSbUf%LKt
Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto (c3%rM m]
County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12- !u0|{6U
year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would zn
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have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He $<c;xDO&t
proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, ? |}%A9
called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next hlIh(\JZ4s
novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 LA\)B"{J
weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his -h n~-Sy+
wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian Aw~N"i
home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near @20~R/vh
Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time 7E 4Xvg+c
to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. 335\0~;3
As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and >wPMJ>
2
now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six 8r|5l~`8
ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League zLeId83>
teams. =5 zx]N1r
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel? u=mJI*
A. A case of murder. J 3;dR W
B. A case of rape ( ";{@a %
C. His father’s experience !Eof7LUE
D. His life on the farm UN,y /V
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ? ]n/fB|t E
.It was popular at the time of publication jT6zpi~]E
It earned Grisham great fame. }'o[6#_*X
C. It brought Grisham wealth \K,piCVViN
D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.3 y3 i6 L' Z& x. G\
HU%J
S! H) W W@:a3RJ
50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built #"Wh $
x%
ballfields on his property ________. JW`Kh*,~<
答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the |H(Mmqgk
children CYxrKW
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My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality cuw3}4m%
transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they o} iqLe\
change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become N$j I&SI?}
grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the ^edg@fp
other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents ,Cj8{s&;
’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s ]:Q7Gys
clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having 8J - ;/
to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me >VAZ^kgi
to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and B1& H5gxgN
dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays 1qs~[7{C1
When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full mndUQN_Gb
form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the t?- 7Z6
grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take Wu
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two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite IXSCYqoK
often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren v!;E1
never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma SZ9xj^"g
carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into !(!BW9Zt+
following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of ,x+_/kqx
candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear x*#F|N4~',
while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the _ +,2b:D:
sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and u1 u u_*
Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to Y/t:9Aau
bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly Q<L.!%vu}
active kids. - (n[^48K
Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to Ru?Ue4W^b
forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily (BC3[R@/l
life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is ?lxI&
h
“developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, ?4
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she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house 5 TD "
while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold 5eC5oX >
one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am %r5&CUE5?
“impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa M* W=v
smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive `h M:U
love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty u[U~`*i*rA
jealousies. *seKph+' c
6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author -A9 !Y{Z
______ . A.v cE
A. feels jealous B. feels amazed =JyYU*G 4
C.thinks it unnecessary D. thinks it annoying [E(DGt
7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets? 3V`K^X3
A. They get highly energetic. B. They quiet down.' ] Bs ?
C. They want more sweets. D. They go to bed. r2.8 7
Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children? !EM21Sc
A. They behave very well.
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B. They like chocolate very much. wC BL1[~C
C. They receive toys from their grandparents. }se)=7d8
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The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an t 1B0M4x9
increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that N|Ua|
^
many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. ~ u8}s4
overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior %kJ:{J+w ]
and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins % @Ks<"9
and gorillas（大猩猩）, says a report in New Scientist./ D! K9 _: K5 D svyC(m)'
~% X `Dh %c%j)
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by 5G){7]P+r"
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, V{Idj\~Jh
many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many |gxU;"2`5~
ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they .2
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are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations” lIzJO$8cM
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by 8t}=?:B+{
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “ "MC&!AMv
many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on 9qXHdpb#g"
environmentally friendly policies and operations.” }jiqUBn%
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 6{azzk8
percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. /GM-#q
a
Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that 83i%3[L
although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land L{^DZ
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use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. @aCg1Rm
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their y13=y}dyDH
habitat by tourists and mongooses（蠓）have caught lung diseases from tx5_e [
human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better ?]9uHrdsN}
regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where *$# r %
visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model 6^{ hY^Z
41. Ecotourism is meant to ______. ?783LBe
A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife" kOdS^-
B.have wild species respond well to contact with human i6`8yw
C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior M8cLh!!
D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife oSa FmP
42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. )7j" OE
A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit n;Iey[7_E`
B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices p Hg8(ru|
C. actually lack proper examination and official approval TdQ^^{SRp
D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species M0]l!x#7
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present '|XP}V0I
"ecotourism" practice goes on? Uw&+zJ
It will disturb their life. t&P5Zw*B
It will affect their health. l?FNYvL
C. It will increase their stress. HqF 8:z?v
D. It will threaten their survivalf ~36c0 =
45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem q!ZmF1sU
is to ______. bR8)s{p6
A. encourage people to manage endangered species Bp/8 >E O`
B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings^ hYWWvJ)S
C. help wild animals increase their fitness zcZ w}
D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease I9Sh~vTm=u
答案 BDC BAA ACDB（仅供参考） 8U(a&G6gn
