1955: Opening day1 X2% (=B
An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the ~Sm6 {L
Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the ?)k ]Vg.
park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, >!' ]w{G
1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was j}
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held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests ?r8hl.Z>
and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, "cBqZzkk9j
were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's `]6
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,
friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald 5%fW X'mS
Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it TKsP#Dt/
was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event >C6S2ISSz
did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation- :@-yK8q's
only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads \>lA2^E f
nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 +s8R]3NJ_H
°C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking |?g-8":H8P
fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains xypgG;`\
or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated 2;:p
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negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged u SQ# Y^V_
guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell &<uLr
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soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft &}2@pu[S?7
that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas AgSAjBP
leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland DQXc f*R
to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over Mz2TwU_
the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur 5<v1v&
Carrousel 6<fG; :
The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited - PSgBH[
members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the M_ %-A
true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel gSw <C+
for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as ZBY2, %nAo
【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin 1kL8EP T%o
badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For Ow4(1eE_
example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago <y^_&9
today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years, Disney did sHk>ek]2I
officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the HSRO gBNI:
park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as a %b E}
"Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday <Y U4RZ
July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the @$%GszyQ'
first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson AzXL lQ
with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre- #*_!Xc9f
purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with H~Vf;k>
two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and 2 Kjd!~Z$
Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a N\|z{vn
deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. 6Nn+7z<*&z
guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received 0: hv6 Ge^
【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded ll X `
one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single 4^2>K C_
Disney-owned park in the world. Z*mbhod
W5 y. j: t6 G2 j7 \0 A+ Q! c2 h U6@c)_* <
A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, U[?_|= ~7
most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of ]& Y^
wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course Nv36#^Z
for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for Yr-S lO>
$400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a vFR *3$ R
prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of 0@cIj
]
Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to 3_XLx{["'
his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was 1a{3k#}
dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider ? F
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across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the ,*6K3/kW
Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, 5< ruN11G
with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was bGeIb-|(
simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, [ZSC] w^
and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th +X^GS^mz
century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th :\"0jQ.y|
century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is JnBc@qnP6
toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the ;Y*K!iFWH
Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to *2a" 2o
public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be K)Lo Z^x0)
taught.Evolving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the %BkE %ZcZ
Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 b
Or1 1?
students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and @r*GGI!
graduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of q\o#<'F1J
Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video x7zc3%T's
learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available }/1^Lqfnz
online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. o-RZwufZ`
About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.！ k ip
tA#<Yj
！ t+ V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s 8+oc4~!A@n
longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward- Ly2,*\7
thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, PDD2ouv4
who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth — /8qR7Z^HZ
the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established C<^i`[&P$
the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a fL 2P6N@
trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in
ZNw|5u^N
Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to students > "F-1{
regardless of gender, race, or age. The first Lowell lecture, on \ 2y/:
geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor uZn_ *_J!
for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets *x2!N$b
being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate ck] I ?
“courses” — which were lecture series on a single topic — - nNKUt
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sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free k(H]IL L
lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. t!rrYBSCr
Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn *$0*5d7
a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying 3 twA5)v
teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University 9]=J + (M
Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell 85&7WAco"B
surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated government scholar q(" X S
A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by :} =lE"2
1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal Nxe1^F33
education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision m@+v6&,
of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education o$L%t@
gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His e:
Sd#H!
first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later Q9OCf"n $
became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of 0a
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“concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University e+BZoK ^
Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new f{VV U/$
history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry #w|v.35%?
out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.” ^9,^ BHlC0
John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in Q D%xmP
the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all cu>(;=
around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find 9cB+ x`+Lu
work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law If '2
m_
school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in !o`7$`%Wz\
Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury K!\v ?WbF
litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of AjEy@ /
Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto `oNJ=,p
County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12- B0|W
year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would $i +@vbU6
have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He `,SL\\%u
proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, a6 vej
called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next BhDg\oxZ
novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 nxhlTf>3
weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his &C b,C+q
wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian s? ;8h &]=
home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near +pG+ xI
Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time hO[_ _j8
to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. rkji#\_-FV
As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and \azMF} mb
now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six kCEuzd=$V
ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League V~*> /2+
teams. P P$2s]{
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel? vC>2% Zgf-
A. A case of murder. DgcS@ N
B. A case of rape !0hyp |F:>
C. His father’s experience (N&i4 O-I
D. His life on the farm w( SY
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ? s9 "X.-!
.It was popular at the time of publication
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It earned Grisham great fame. u-&V , *3l
C. It brought Grisham wealth PEEaNOk
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D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.3 y3 i6 L' Z& x. ]cP%d -x}
S! H) W `},:dDHI
50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built n\D/WL v M
ballfields on his property ________. 7"2BZ
答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the 7/a7p(
children ?jfh'mCA
My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality _4)
t
transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they >;Oa|G
change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become `q]' ^EzJ
grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the nI?*[y
}
other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents W=A0+t% XC
’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s IY6Ll6OK
clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having
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to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me SaGI4O_\s
to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and >WZ%P v *
dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays
Txo{6nd/
When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full ~rO&Y{aG#
form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the "Cxj_V@\
grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take gQik
>gFr
two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite V^FM-bg%9
often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren **__&X p1
never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma "k +
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carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into X~m57 b j
following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of SE(<(w
candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear QE"$Lc)
while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the @ A8y!<
sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and 3F;0a ;[
Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to wH@< 0lw`<
bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly zx "EAF{
active kids. 8bMw.u=F
Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to \4$Nx/@Q }
forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily jS3@Z?x?*
life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is ! weYOOu
“developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, W'k&DKhTqF
she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house P[H`]q|
while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold m oVf(7
one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am 4V@0L
“impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa EX<1hAw
smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive 5r8
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love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty . w\4Th#
jealousies. n$j
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6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author 8_>: 0(y
______ . " OUY^ cM
A. feels jealous B. feels amazed 7m8:odeF
C.thinks it unnecessary D. thinks it annoying [uie]*^
7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets? /mE:2K]C
A. They get highly energetic. B. They quiet down.' D// 58z&
C. They want more sweets. D. They go to bed. k]& I(VQ"
Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children? N]c:8dOj
A. They behave very well. ioTqT:.
B. They like chocolate very much. Y=pRenV'
C. They receive toys from their grandparents. 6x;"T+BSSS
The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an F+xMXBD@>*
increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that 8v;T_VN
many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. :]C\DUBo
overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior 8 ^-g yx'
and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins . 55aY~We
and gorillas（大猩猩）, says a report in New Scientist./ D! K9 _: K5 D i 3Nt?FSN
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t.O4-+$ig
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by WWTJ%Rd|
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, NX+
eig</-
many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many e8]mdU{)
ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they ~b4fk^u`+
are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations” ~0.@1 zEXj
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by 'Uo:b<
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “ RzSN,bL R
many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on WHF:> 0B
environmentally friendly policies and operations.” F{<r IR
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 a-DE-V Uls
percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. l}c<eEfOy"
Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that #$fFp
although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land IPE (
use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. u09OnP\
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their }# u}{
habitat by tourists and mongooses（蠓）have caught lung diseases from ^jhHaN ]G^
human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better &q` =xF
regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where A><%"9p Z
visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model L_Ai/'
41. Ecotourism is meant to ______. ?
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A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife" C"mb-n 7s
B.have wild species respond well to contact with human 1X9sx&5H
C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior {k]VT4/
D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife &
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42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. ta 4<d)nB
A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit 3 \WdA$Wx
B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices Zd%\x[f9ck
C. actually lack proper examination and official approval 9VY_gi=vL
D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species p]g/iLDZ
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present Zj<T#4?8
"ecotourism" practice goes on? BZ T%+s;u9
It will disturb their life. f3 h9CV
It will affect their health. Tuy *Df
C. It will increase their stress. Bms?`7}N
D. It will threaten their survivalf sR0nY8@F
45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem : R&tO3_F
is to ______. \ d;Ow8%d/
A. encourage people to manage endangered species u60l -
B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings^ U \z+{]<<
C. help wild animals increase their fitness u!S{[7
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D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease 8YJ({ Ou_
答案 BDC BAA ACDB（仅供参考） &pAT
