1955: Opening day1
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An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the w.tW=z5
Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the ,`<]>;s
park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, "rVU4F)
1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was EVG"._I@
held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests U>oW~Z
and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, 7iP5T
were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's rrAqI$6
friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald 1f<RyAE?5
Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it >ZX|4U[$P
was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event =9(tsB gTX
did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation- NK~PcdGl
only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads ~*,Wj?~+7
nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 U3/8A:$
y
°C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking q4)Ey
fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains b) Ux3PB
or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated VxkEe z'|
negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged :Z[(A"dA
guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell !j{CuA/
soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft :b5XKv^
that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas @*SA$9/l
leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland z#RuwB+
to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over /w0w*nH
the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur pUGN!3
Carrousel J
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The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited JDKLKHOMZ
members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the Wa<-AZnh
true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel oK$'9c5<
for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as Sj@15 W
【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin :WO{x g
badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For >P<'L4;
example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago qW3x{L$c
today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years, Disney did tJAnuhX
officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the c@9##DPn
park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as =gs~
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"Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday ++0rF\&
July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the 2eHx"Ha
first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson .zIgbv s
with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre- i?x$w{co
purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with 9$wAm89
two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and {m'AY)
Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a (2tH"I
deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. w,/6B&|
guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received c;^A)_/
【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded _ ~[M+IO
one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single )(]Envb?A0
Disney-owned park in the world. #QS?s8IrW
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A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, r>O|L%xpv
most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of kP?_kMOx
wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course &Sa~/!M
for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for kV+ R5R
$400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a 1mix+.d
prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of `O
n(v
Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to }1@E"6kF
his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was M $uf:+F
dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider I)lC{v
across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the m1V- %kUI
Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, ?Sw /(}|m
with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was x_W3sS]ej
simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, ayeCi8
and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th P63
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century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th bvp)r[8
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century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is #g{Mne
toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the Fv@
tD4I>
Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to ^/<|f
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public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be Gnv!]c&S>l
taught.Evolving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the i*68-n
Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 Man^<T%F
students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and BUDGyl/=
graduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of ?S9Nm~vlt
Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video P9s_2KOF
learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available Ck@M<(x
online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. y;r"+bS8
About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.! k ` yYvYc
! t+ V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s y+RRg[6|
longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward- vzcz<i )
thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, {lMqcK
who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth — 82s5VQ6
the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established ?b"Vj+1:x
the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a ,ex
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trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in lz}llLb1
Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to students XECikld>
regardless of gender, race, or age. The first Lowell lecture, on #\<P]<C
geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor 1\IZcJ {
for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets vbedk+dd?A
being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate |eF.ZC)QWh
“courses” — which were lecture series on a single topic — b*`fLrqV.
sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free (rIXbekgB
lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. {Hr>X
Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn u]0!|Jd0
a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying :v#8O~
teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University 77tZp @>hn
Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell ]| z")gOE
surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated government scholar GRy4cb2
A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by QY=QQG
1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal qhnapZJ
education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision pj+tjF6Np
of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education PB@
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gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His [&Lxz~W][
first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later GV=V^Fl .
became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of j ~.u>4
“concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University 0$!.c~
Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new Xz"
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history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry w2'
3S#nZ
out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.” x7Eeb!s0f,
John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in P^ by'b+zI
the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all Y[T J;O!R
around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find g*^wF?t'T
work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law 7
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school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in Qve`k<Cj"
Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury ;B(;2.<"J
litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of ]D?oQ$q7
Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto -B",&yTV
County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12- Fv<]mu
year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would g\E .
_ab<
have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He ^j1Gmv)
proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, ^BQ>vI'.4
called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next bXk:~LE
novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 aIY$5^x
weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his
;I[.
wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian H;4oZ[g
home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near }6F_2S3c
Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time ^a: Saq-}
to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. @?(nwj~ s`
As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and XT\
Td}>
now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six eYPt
ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League N. It
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teams. Fa Qu$q
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel? Nu>sp,|A
A. A case of murder. !]n{l_5r
B. A case of rape {b\Y?t^>f
C. His father’s experience R;5QD`
D. His life on the farm \3J+OY
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ? f]O5V$!RuE
.It was popular at the time of publication Q%_!xQP`
It earned Grisham great fame. y$+!%y*
C. It brought Grisham wealth v]UU&Jq8U
D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.3 y3 i6 L' Z& x. .2 N_?
S! H) W &z{dr~
50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built Jv '3](
ballfields on his property ________. 9P,A
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答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the )j)y5_m
children :~qtv
s;{
My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality 9OO0Ht4j
transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they &Nj:XX;X
change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become Rz])wBv e
grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the =X%R*~!#Of
other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents =]2RC1#}e
’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s ~0Q\Lp);
clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having pU'`9fLi_
to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me <*b]JY V@
to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and j|VlHDqR
dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays }SJLBy0
When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full wKeSPs{x
form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the =_H*fhXS
grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take [h2p8i'o
two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite z!t3xFN&/
often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren A{n*NxKCX!
never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma h\: tUEg#J
carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into =c5 /cpZ^
following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of ADwwiq#E
candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear [XY:MUe
while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the M%Kx{*aw&
sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and #/
g
me
Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to ,:Rq
bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly %(wsGNd
active kids. BR0p0%
Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to 2Y g[8Tm#
forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily OB? 79l
life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is H&>>]DD
“developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, Fy+7{=?^F
she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house e[VJ0 A=
while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold {u[K
^G
one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am :N'[de
“impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa
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smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive u3?Pp[tM<
love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty )*QTxN
jealousies. 0T{Y_IG
6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author gQzJ2LU(
______ . ]V]@Zna@g
A. feels jealous B. feels amazed 7!QXh;u
C.thinks it unnecessary D. thinks it annoying #p9z#kin
7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets? cd%g]T)#1
A. They get highly energetic. B. They quiet down.' gSo(PW)
C. They want more sweets. D. They go to bed. bJMcI8`
Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children? #,9TJ:~N
A. They behave very well. DDCQ Af
B. They like chocolate very much. s$y#Ufz
C. They receive toys from their grandparents. a0W\?
The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an 0 Ln5e.&
increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that |"E9
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many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. r#w_=h)
overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior MldL"*HW:
and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins 7;-i_&vws
and gorillas(大猩猩), says a report in New Scientist./ D! K9 _: K5 D 9PfU'm|h
~% X 7wEG<,D
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by N'BctKL
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, < 3+&DV-<N
many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many M[N.H9
ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they ]M"'qC3g
are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations” Y_YIJ@
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by cQ ;
Ry!$
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “ T FA
many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on '
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environmentally friendly policies and operations.” }? '9L:
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 yQ&%* ?J
percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. 2 3w{h d
Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that "fJ|DE&@<i
although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land ~*]`XL.-
use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. j;'Wf[V
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their X[Gk!dr#
habitat by tourists and mongooses(蠓)have caught lung diseases from zFQkUgb
human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better g'7hc~=
regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where RYaofW
visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model B;je|M!d
41. Ecotourism is meant to ______. <]qd9mj5
A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife" Dx)XC?'xO
B.have wild species respond well to contact with human yyDBW`V((
C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior WN1-J(x6
D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife ^i1:PlW]
42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. N0hU~| /
A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit #vwXx r
B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices @23x;x
C. actually lack proper examination and official approval [ i#Gqx>'w
D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species @!O{>`
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present .LHe*J C
"ecotourism" practice goes on? >AFp
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It will disturb their life. %n,bPa>T
It will affect their health. 83*k.]S`
C. It will increase their stress. ZfikNQU9r
D. It will threaten their survivalf S,%HW87
45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem tpK4 gjf
is to ______. $c47cJO)W
A. encourage people to manage endangered species zxdO3I
B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings^ W7"sWaOhW
C. help wild animals increase their fitness J<
M;vB)
D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease 0n=E.qZ9c
答案 BDC BAA ACDB(仅供参考) ]Jqe)o