1955: Opening day1 e1~C>
An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the ; )0vxcMB
Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the baR{
park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, {'"A hiR /
1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was fa\<![8LAU
held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests >^| \wy
and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, B (Y {
were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's XLqS{r~?
friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald 9@QP?=\Y
Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it TjD`< k
was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event FLEf(
did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation- .X_k[l 9
only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads IJS9%m#
nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 9m!4 U2N,s
°C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking [p}J=1S
fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains dMeDQ`c`W
or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated \ts:'
negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged B*Hp
guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell ghbxRnU}
soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft a3HT1!M)
that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas `u %//m_(
leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland u6t.$a!5
to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over xzW]D0o0
the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur wbd>By(T 1
Carrousel GG(rp]rgl
The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited 'V 1QuSd
members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the ^YenS6`F
true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel ZzzQXfA#
for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as +;:i,`Lmg
【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin ^tc@bsUF
badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For WZ 6!VE {
example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago Z%(aBz 7Et
today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years, Disney did
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officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the FT `y3 ~
park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as <X|"5/h
"Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday (tyo4Tz1
July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the r{>tTJFD(:
first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson %J~8a _vO
with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre- q Z`@ Ro
purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with Qs# v/r
two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and WAqR70{KM
Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a 'e;*V$+
deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. 7lR(6ka&/
guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received ""CJlqU
【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded fm &l 0
one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single HmbTV(lC
Disney-owned park in the world. m]7Y
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A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, MI',E?#yB
most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of [RC|W%<Z>
wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course jqb,^T|j;m
for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for kJJQcjAP:
$400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a U: _T 9!fG
prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of 2=F_<Jh|+
Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to %b@>riR(y
his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was -aK k#fd
dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider >tib21*
across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the m_\CK5T_
Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, 3Y=T8 Gi#
with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was Y <a/(`
simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, =jg!@H=_i
and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th i,;Q
century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th e<iTU?eJM
century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is Nm OQ7T
toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the Ha
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Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to IQ2<Pinv
public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be 2z )h,<D
taught.Evolving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the yU .B(|
Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 Z;WqKIM#
students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and Jv7 @[<$
graduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of 4XX21<yn
Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video R8":1 #&
learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available !ZSC"
online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. >A2&
Mjo
About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.！ k hrEK
mRmF-
！ t+ V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s 3b%y+?-{\u
longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward- I&1Mh4yu
thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, >OiC].1
who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth — Y;- " Z
the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established IXd&$h]Lq
the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a r"5]U`+
trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in pjbKM x
Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to students J
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regardless of gender, race, or age. The first Lowell lecture, on jZm1.{[>
geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor DPy"FQYZ b
for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets KwpNS (]I
being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate &y Vii^
“courses” — which were lecture series on a single topic — K})j5CJ/
sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free /\#qz.c2K
lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. %v}:#_va]
Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn h Q<"
a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying Zu~ #d)l3N
teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University ';b/D
Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell QdDdrR^&
surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated government scholar N15{7 ,
A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by }\
l5|Ft[!
1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal Q@]#fW\Y
education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision k}jH
of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education : 2?i9F0_
gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His A "S})
first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later U_M > Q_r(
became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of S=M$g#X`5
“concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University <R]?8L0{h
Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new =b9?r
history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry na8A}\!<
out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.”
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John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in fdp/c wd
the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all i:{a-Bd
around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find G}f.fR Y
work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law y4M<L. RO
school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in YSv\T '3
Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury C=9|K`g5 R
litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of Q1s`d?P/`
Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto |\N[EM%.@
County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12- 5O*. qp?
year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would Eiz\Nb
have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He Pme`UcE3H
proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, rq2XFSXn
called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next E: XzX Fxx
novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 &\c
$s
weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his i"|'p/9@q
wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian k)y0V:ZY]O
home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near !;fkc0&!
Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time !|Vjv}UO
to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. |h6)p;`gc
As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and Ct"h.rD ]
now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six ;~/
ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League 1V JE+3
teams. G 7zfyw}W
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel? gKS^-X{x
A. A case of murder. PjRKYa_U
B. A case of rape QE-t v00
C. His father’s experience I>ofSaN
D. His life on the farm a)`h*P5@
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ? \N/T^,
.It was popular at the time of publication
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It earned Grisham great fame. MZ% P(5
C. It brought Grisham wealth 6=|Q>[K
D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.3 y3 i6 L' Z& x. GA z;4pUZ
S! H) W |urohua
50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built {Ivu"<`L3
ballfields on his property ________. n;2W=N?y
答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the s_E iA _
children eQzSWn[
My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality _gw~A {O
transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they bYow EzieF
change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become =Z%&jul
grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the >f}rM20Vm
other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents W 4 )^8/
’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s ]6 }|X#_
clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having z[CCgs&vqe
to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me /UM9g+Bb
to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and se7_:0+w
dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays U
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When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full qmJFX nf
form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the >W 8!YOc
grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take QeU>%qK T
two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite VYlg+MlT0
often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren g[:5@fI#*
never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma vmW 4a3
carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into fZ Xd<Fg+
following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of 2u#{K9g
candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear /m 9 t2,KB
while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the TC J\@|yw
sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and ,!bOzth2>K
Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to =:9n +7~$
bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly G }] ZZ
active kids. kA\;h|Y
3
Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to N!Kd VDdT|
forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily M!m TNIj8~
life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is z?FZu,h}
“developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, Y5Ey%M m6
she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house b%T-nY2
while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold AGOK%[[Ws
one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am GTJ\APrH
“impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa R)G'ILneV
smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive YQ e @C
love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty 4Mg0 9
jealousies. b\H(Lq17
6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author Gf]oRNP,N
______ . Fv e,& ~
A. feels jealous B. feels amazed u%v^(9z
C.thinks it unnecessary D. thinks it annoying _Bc B@a
7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets? z,/dYvT<
A. They get highly energetic. B. They quiet down.' h-!( O^M
C. They want more sweets. D. They go to bed. Ya\G/R
Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children? j
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A. They behave very well. 8> O'_6Joj
B. They like chocolate very much.
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C. They receive toys from their grandparents. t}NxD`8
The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an l\MiG Na
increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that M(oW;^B
many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. 5Ko "-
overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior ~V5k
and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins .%~
L
and gorillas（大猩猩）, says a report in New Scientist./ D! K9 _: K5 D etGquW.
~% X LnR3C:NO k
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by 7 yF#G 9,
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, oJXZ}>>iT
many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many B-M|}T
ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they ]1D>3
are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations”
6jF~zI^
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by r!Mr\
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “ UP, 0`fh(y
many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on UPJgT
N*
environmentally friendly policies and operations.” S5bk<8aPP
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 <<n8 P5pXt
percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. ~{+J~5!;<H
Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that S :(1=@
although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land ^Ko0zz|R/
use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. |f RajuA;
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their Vvv
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habitat by tourists and mongooses（蠓）have caught lung diseases from A$1pMG~as
human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better y>wr $
regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where s,`
n=#
visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model i<%(Z[9Lk
41. Ecotourism is meant to ______. /a9+R)Al
A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife" {9C(\i +
B.have wild species respond well to contact with human {/B) YR
C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior R `s /^0
D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife t'[vN~I'
42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. U/jJ@8
A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit N#ex2
c
B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices "gK2!N|#
C. actually lack proper examination and official approval p&ow\A O
D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species 'n> |jw)
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present JTz1M~
"ecotourism" practice goes on? 0*tEuJ7
It will disturb their life. S6]D;c8GE
It will affect their health. '*)!&4f
C. It will increase their stress. V(w[`^I>~
D. It will threaten their survivalf *23
45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem R`
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is to ______. 9N'$Y*. d<
A. encourage people to manage endangered species -R&h?ec
B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings^ [Q^kO;
C. help wild animals increase their fitness BE3~f6 `
D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease c/g(=F__[
答案 BDC BAA ACDB（仅供参考） *w@>zkBl
