主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子,例如"That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all",他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶,此复合句主要描述的是某事让我们惊讶,某事就是该复合句的主语,因此“That he finished writing the composition in such a short time”便是该复合句的主语从句。 jp+#N
pH
引导主语从句的连词主要有: uCGn
9]
从属代词:that whether *wK7qS~VB2
连接代词:who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever >
V%3w7
连接副词:when where how why <N\#6m
u^&,~n@n7
主语从句例句图片 _CXXgF[OCA
SLI358]$<
中文名:主语从句 wq`\p['Q,
外文名:Subject clause HZzdelo
解释:合句中充当主语成分的句子 o$bD?Zn
从属代词:that whether QzA/HP a
cLCzLNyKl
dot主语从句 {t&+abY
定义 <D{_q.`vA
在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。 fIc
ra
第一部分 ]mmL8%B@_
常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 + Ek('KOF
主语从句是名词性从句,所以它的时态受主句的影响。 3ZU<u;
(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. 7q,M2v;
(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. t=oTU,<
(3)Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet. \m;"KyP+
(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. _Vxk4KjP5
(5)What caused the accident remains unknown. 6sp?'GO`~
(6)Whatever you did is right. za@`,Yq
(7)Who the watch belongs to is unknown. :i ft{XR'
(8)What we need is time. Gr?[s'Ze
(9)What we need are good doctors. ,zY!EHpx
名词性从句的时态规则: ;qT7BUh(%
1)、主句谓语动词是现在或将来时,从句谓语动词可以用任何需要的时态。 :X;AmLf`2u
I wonder what he is doing now. NP*M#3$[
Do you know when and where he was born? B?tO&$s
I'll write to tell him where I 'll meet him. u2 xb ^vu
2)、主句谓语动词是过去时,从句谓语动词一般需用过去时。 zn
|/h,.
(1)从句与主句的谓语动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时或过去进行时。 `Dco!ih
I thought that he studied hard. &u/T,jy`
He told me his son was watching TV. ]o]*&[C
(2)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之后,从句用过去将来时。 W} U-u{Z
He said he would spend his holidays in Qingdao. e-#!3j!'
(3)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之前,从句用过去完成时。 \k
Gi5G]
They told me they had waited for me half an hour. /hMD
Me
(4)从句如果有表示过去某一具体时间的状语,仍用过去时。 Ih.6"ISK}
She told me her brother died in 1945. ;9R;D,G
k!
g qRwN p
3)客观的条件,从句时态不受丝毫影响。 R)w|bpW
(1)从句说明的是不受时间限制的事实或真理(客观真理)。 /8SQmh$+e
The teacher told us that the earth turns from west to east. iPxhDn<B
He said Asia is the largest continent. 6%B5hv24v
It was true that water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit. bt,^-gt@
(2)当从句表示的是反复出现的时态不变。 U8z$=Wo
She told me that she gets up at six o'clock every morning. lFNf/j^Z
He asked me when the train usually starts. w$cic
(3)当从句是用来表达解释科技内容时时态不变。 jy] hP?QG
..... e%'$Vx0kA
(4)当从句的谓语动作仍在继续时,或者表示现在仍在的状态时,时态不变。 yuvt<kz
He said that the workers in that factory are trying to fulfill the task in time. tZ]|3wp
She told me the other day that she is only 10. #cBt@SEL'
(5)当从句的动作状态还未发生,要用一般式表示。强调与现在的联系。 o?f7_8fG
He said he will wait for me this evening. d]OoJK9&&
小结: IPU'M*|Q
(1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 W%f:+s}cI
(2)连词位于句首不能省略 \]U@=w
(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,如例(9) %6}S'yL
注意:当what引导的名词性分句作主语时,主谓一致问题极为复杂。著名学者周海中教授在论文《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》中就这一问题做了深入研究,并给出了10种的主谓一致关系。这些一致关系值得英语学习者和使用者特别注意。 *Rv eR?kO
nu] k<^I5|
oAX -Sg-/$
第二部分 9x,Aqr$t
为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末 K h9 $
(1)It is certain that he will win the match. ,@=qaU
(2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. Tv<iHHp
(3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. "aN<3b
(4)It is strange that he should do that. Bo?uwi
(5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting. ~4[2{M.0>@
(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. QeA)@x.p
(7)It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. kx'ncxN~
(8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident. z 12[vN
(9)It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) e|
(jv<~r
(10)It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. |EaGKC(
(11)It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. $=$I^hV
(12)It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there) =1lKcA[z
小结: 7Nc@7_=
(1)为避免头重脚轻,常以形式主语it引导从句。 It+形式主语谓语+从句。 [kzcsJ'/e
(2)由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式,形式主语的谓语动词、be动词+表语 均为单数第三人称形式或过去式. a
J[VX)
"J
dot用法 qt}vM*0}V
主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的,下面从它们的各自用法来介绍。 *}3e'0`
T1;yw1/m5\
一.主语从句 &by,uVb=|{
主语从句 定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。 7|T<dfQk
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 US'X9=b_
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 O{&5 /xBA
①主语从句常用it作形式主语,一般常用句型为:It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句例如: 4pkc9\
It is still a question whether she will come or not. bOux8OHt*
It is strange that you should like him. \P!v9LX(
It is still unknown which team will win the match. @g[p>t> *
另外,还有一些比较多见的结构: VZF/2d84&w
It turned out that……; @\Sa)
It has been proved that……; Jd&Qi)1
It happened/occurred that……; `?rPs8+R
It is well-known that……等等 >Fz_]
z
②而强调句则不同,它的结构是:It+be+被强调部分+that+从句 B8Jev\_
强调主语:It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄 %B3E9<9>U
强调宾语:It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us. 5bv(J
T
强调状语:It was in shanghai that I saw the film. >
zh%CF$
判断是否是强调句有一个方法,就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看,看有没有缺成分,缺的是什么成分,再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分,带到你认为缺成分的地方,如果放进去是一句完整的句子了,那就说明是强调句。 H]"Z_n_
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 ;%]Q%7
(1) It is +名词+that从句 =]\,I'
It is a fact that … 事实是…… nWbe=z&y8[
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 +uKlg#wqc
It is common knowledge that …是常识 =nA;,9%
(2) it is +形容词+that从句 waQNX7Xdn
It is natural that… 很自然…… ;yY>SaQ
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…… f'aUo|^?
(3) it +不及物动词+that从句 R"!.|fH6
It seems that… 似乎…… nO$(\
z)
It happened that… 碰巧…… QZ"Lh
(4) it is+过去分词+that从句 er,R}v
It is reported that… 据报道…… zbx,qctYo$
It has been proved that… 已证实…… Ngu
+V
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 eq"a)QB3m
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 -}MWA>an8
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: Io5-
[d
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. T5-50nU,~
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: EfcoJgX
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. ZBdZr
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: q3VE\&*^F
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.. \QBODJ1
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: 8K]fw{-$L
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? }7g\1l\
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 `T{{wty
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: l\ts!p4f$
What you said yesterday is right. ]"q)X{G(+
P_z3TK
二:宾语从句用以区分主语从句的几个特征: 3 {\b/NL$
1、引导词:what\which\whose\when\whether\if\where >9F
s)R]P
2语序:宾语从句必须是用陈述语句。(名词性从句都是陈述语序) k5$_Q#
如:I think that you must work harder. lHV
bn7
宾语从句的引导词、连接词的区别、否定转移等现象。 x5WFPY$wM
补充:从句的语序永远是陈述句。 s59v*
/