主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子,例如"That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all",他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶,此复合句主要描述的是某事让我们惊讶,某事就是该复合句的主语,因此“That he finished writing the composition in such a short time”便是该复合句的主语从句。 ju;OQC~[L]
引导主语从句的连词主要有: VE*`Ji
从属代词:that whether 9$9aBW
连接代词:who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever 'CJ_&HR
连接副词:when where how why .+?]"1>]
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主语从句例句图片 0<4'pO.6Hq
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中文名:主语从句 >b0Bvx-
外文名:Subject clause 1TfFWlf[B
解释:合句中充当主语成分的句子 C{t}q*fG
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从属代词:that whether `S?_=JIX
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定义 %1GKN|7
在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。 7tJ#0to
第一部分 GeB-4img
常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 lF46W
主语从句是名词性从句,所以它的时态受主句的影响。 v&9:Wd*Iz'
(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. k+i0@G'C(
(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. f0%'4t
(3)Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet. wpQp1){%Q
(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. IvQuxs&a
(5)What caused the accident remains unknown. MZX@Gi<S[
(6)Whatever you did is right. 9X#]Lg?b
(7)Who the watch belongs to is unknown. h5aPRPU g
(8)What we need is time. N 5{w
(9)What we need are good doctors. V5
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名词性从句的时态规则: 9-1
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1)、主句谓语动词是现在或将来时,从句谓语动词可以用任何需要的时态。 Y37qjV
I wonder what he is doing now. {Ngut
Do you know when and where he was born?
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I'll write to tell him where I 'll meet him. &K=)YpT
2)、主句谓语动词是过去时,从句谓语动词一般需用过去时。 O\]{6+$fm!
(1)从句与主句的谓语动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时或过去进行时。 # M3d =
I thought that he studied hard. E2.!|u2
He told me his son was watching TV. 37tJ6R6[
(2)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之后,从句用过去将来时。 jzi^OI7
He said he would spend his holidays in Qingdao. m*7RC4"J
(3)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之前,从句用过去完成时。 $|!3ks
They told me they had waited for me half an hour. |x _jpR
(4)从句如果有表示过去某一具体时间的状语,仍用过去时。 \qG` ts
She told me her brother died in 1945. X6r<#n|l
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3)客观的条件,从句时态不受丝毫影响。 wIF'|"
(1)从句说明的是不受时间限制的事实或真理(客观真理)。 K}whqe]j
The teacher told us that the earth turns from west to east. i{HzY[
He said Asia is the largest continent. Z{F^qwne
It was true that water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit. mv/Nz?
(2)当从句表示的是反复出现的时态不变。 vr
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She told me that she gets up at six o'clock every morning. RO'b)J:j9
He asked me when the train usually starts. wwa)VgoS[
(3)当从句是用来表达解释科技内容时时态不变。 6mIRa(6V
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(4)当从句的谓语动作仍在继续时,或者表示现在仍在的状态时,时态不变。 |F~U
He said that the workers in that factory are trying to fulfill the task in time. uCWBM
She told me the other day that she is only 10. w,!N{hv(
(5)当从句的动作状态还未发生,要用一般式表示。强调与现在的联系。 h}oV)z6
He said he will wait for me this evening. [zCKJR
小结: NZXCaciG
(1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 mJVru0
(2)连词位于句首不能省略 a5`9mR)Y$'
(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,如例(9) 2aUE<@RU[
注意:当what引导的名词性分句作主语时,主谓一致问题极为复杂。著名学者周海中教授在论文《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》中就这一问题做了深入研究,并给出了10种的主谓一致关系。这些一致关系值得英语学习者和使用者特别注意。 i$!K{H1{9
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第二部分
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为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末 @Ps1.
(1)It is certain that he will win the match. BGO
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(2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. I$fm"N
(3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. 4(8BWP~.y2
(4)It is strange that he should do that. 7VfPS5se
(5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting. U)('}u=b
(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. YJZ`Clp?
(7)It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. (Ii+}Mfp
(8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident. ^8g<>,$
(9)It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) :*tFW~<*b
(10)It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. Uee$5a>(
(11)It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. p,mKgL6
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(12)It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there) 2t#[$2mg\0
小结: Gnie|[3
(1)为避免头重脚轻,常以形式主语it引导从句。 It+形式主语谓语+从句。 6[a;83
(2)由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式,形式主语的谓语动词、be动词+表语 均为单数第三人称形式或过去式. Okd7ua-f
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主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的,下面从它们的各自用法来介绍。 sN/8OLc
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一.主语从句 _6\"U5*Y
主语从句 定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。 3?wL)6Uj8J
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 AK$i0Rn;pm
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 z3|5E#m
①主语从句常用it作形式主语,一般常用句型为:It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句例如: SA,+oq(
It is still a question whether she will come or not. N9PEn[t@
It is strange that you should like him. VVi3g
It is still unknown which team will win the match. >q1rdq
另外,还有一些比较多见的结构: xyi4U(;
It turned out that……; \|R\pS}4
It has been proved that……;
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It happened/occurred that……; /9
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It is well-known that……等等 zQsW*)L
②而强调句则不同,它的结构是:It+be+被强调部分+that+从句 -)!;45
强调主语:It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄
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强调宾语:It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us. J L2g!n=
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强调状语:It was in shanghai that I saw the film. +-MieiKv
判断是否是强调句有一个方法,就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看,看有没有缺成分,缺的是什么成分,再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分,带到你认为缺成分的地方,如果放进去是一句完整的句子了,那就说明是强调句。 8MBvp*
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 E-HK=D&W/
(1) It is +名词+that从句 /k=krAz.
It is a fact that … 事实是…… RWXN
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 [LKzH!
It is common knowledge that …是常识 \|C~VU@
(2) it is +形容词+that从句 ~{{@m]P
It is natural that… 很自然…… #}C
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It is strange that… 奇怪的是…… 5DVSaI$ =
(3) it +不及物动词+that从句 t^g+nguz
It seems that… 似乎…… s#)0- Zj
It happened that… 碰巧…… Md>9Daa~
(4) it is+过去分词+that从句 NnO%D^P]
It is reported that… 据报道…… x{,W<oXg
It has been proved that… 已证实…… *\$ko)x?c
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 N=c{@h
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 NsL!AAN[V
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 6'jgjWEe3&
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. C@9K`N[*
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: ^ARkjYt
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. ]N6UY
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: ^6PKSEba
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.. 3tCT"UvTD
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: Cuo"6, M
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? #[y2nK3zF
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 8j8~?=$a6Q
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: Nd**":i$
What you said yesterday is right. =T#?:J#a
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二:宾语从句用以区分主语从句的几个特征: o>yo9n%t
1、引导词:what\which\whose\when\whether\if\where kvam`8SeL
2语序:宾语从句必须是用陈述语句。(名词性从句都是陈述语序) h`Xl~=
如:I think that you must work harder. .zvvk
宾语从句的引导词、连接词的区别、否定转移等现象。 5
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补充:从句的语序永远是陈述句。 UX)QdT45Mh