2016考博英语语法之虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。freekaobo将对2016考博英语语法虚拟语气做归纳和用法。 kvoEnwBe_  
1k: s~m?!  
　　一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 KsG>,# Q  
　　(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 yaw33/iN  
　　A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式(be动词用were)。 jWX^h^
n7K  
　　B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 Nm;V9*5  
　　C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 q]}1/JZS  
　　The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ~Bi{k'A9  
　　---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” NA<6s]Cs.  
　　---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” .o"FT~}z  
　　I wish that he weren’t so lazy. M,WC+")Z=  
　　(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 n#fc=L1U  
　　His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. k@RIM(^t  
　　(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： M9J^;3Lrh  
　　I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 oKlOcws}  
　　I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 g218%i  
　　I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 5"cYZvGkJ  
　　(4)It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。 6Y-sc*5  
　　It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. noLb  
　　It is high time that we　put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。 y~jYGN  
　　(5)as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构： UZqQ|3  
　　Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. OM4q/!)A]  
　　The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. DdG*eKC  
　　(6)由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如： ,2y" \_  
　　She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 Z?o?"|o  
　　The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. 0s%rd>3  
　　(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for： A!\-e*+W=  
　　If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded. g 0n 5&X  
　　(8) 虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。 9"RGf 1]  
　　They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。 -Z/'kYj?U  
　　She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。 iO?Sf8yJ:  
　　(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等 %!_%%p,f  
　　If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry. k"V@9q;*  
*G,'V,?  
　　二、特殊形式的虚拟语气 -Jj"JN.  
　　虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。 {q}#  Sq  
　　A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有： #!n"),3  
　　ask要求　advise建议　arrange安排　beg请求
^^{gn3xJ  
　　command命令　decide决定　demand要求　desire渴望 lW8!_h"G`n  
　　determine决定　insist坚持　intend打算　maintain坚持主张 jRv j:H9  
　　move建议，动员　propose提议　object反对　order命令 UJX=lh.o  
　　prefer建议　require 需要　request要求　resolve下决心 \;%DDw  
　　recommend推荐　suggest建议　stipulate约定，规定　urge强调，促进 V`7^v:  
　　vote公认，提议　decree颁布(法令)　pray请求 8UANB]@Y}  
　　注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 DwL4?
!E  
　　She advised that we should keep the gate locked.(书面体) 7rdPA9  
　　She advised us to keep the gate locked.(口语) 9u->.O: p  
　　She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便) Owa]ax5  
　　B、用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有： Y8fahQ#  
　　advisable合理的　decided决定的　crucial关键的　appropriate恰当的 o.Jq1$)~y  
　　determined决定的　commanded命令的　arranged安排的　essential紧要的，基本的 I'NE>!=Q  
　　complied遵照　anxious焦急的　imperative迫切的 important重要的 %j[DG_  
　　desirable合意的　better较好的，更好　insistent坚持的　desired想要 )/:&i<Q:  
　　asked请求　keen渴望的　incredible难以置信的 adamant坚定不移的 U/|H%b  
　　natural自然的　insisted坚持　necessary必要的　suggested建议 6,C,LT2^(  
　　urgent紧迫的　ordered命令　shocked震惊的　vital极其重要的 WG_20Jd JY  
　　possible可能的　strange 奇怪的　preferable (好一点) proposed提议 #xopJaY  
　　requested要求的　required要求的　recommended推荐　resolved决定的 #0+`dI_5/  
　　probable(可能的)　pity可惜，憾事　shame遗憾 0F\e*{gc  
　　注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以for…to do… 9J$8=UuxWG  
　　来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 jmAQ!y|W.  
　　It is essential that he should be prepared for this. RRNoX}  
　　It is essential for him to be prepared for this. 5G\CT&cQR  
　　C.用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有： n tfwR#j  
　　advice忠告　decision决定　demand要求　desire要求、愿望 #0hX'8];(  
　　insistence坚持　motion提议　necessity必要性　order命令 kJJUu  
　　preference偏爱　proposal提议　pray恳求　recommendation推荐 6G<t1?_yD  
　　request要求　requirement要求　resolution决心　suggestion劝告、忠告 yvgn}F{}  
　　例如： MBbycI,  
　　This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。 S[b)`Wi D  
　　The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。 JYbE(&l%de  
Ch1+YZG