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主题 : 南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析
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楼主  发表于: 2017-06-16   
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南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析

南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析 Ao\xse{E  
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the UEU/505  
United States by applying new social research findings on the c$O8Rhx  
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration 9} (w*>_L  
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of e$# *t  
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate hF%M!otcJ-  
propositions. O G`8::S  
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England 8xAV[i  
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World :D D<0  
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies Wg']a/m  
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather CMa6':~  
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly @ZjT_  
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of Geng duo  I//=C6  
yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi B5b:znW2@  
quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua: si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu 0MG>77  
qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi opportunity. J:xGEa t  
Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to Lc3&\q e  
flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New C]`uC^6g  
World community. For example, the economic and demographic character @ ~3--  
of early New England towns varied considerably. ,eXtY}E  
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns wPA^nZ^}9c  
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as uqMw-f/  
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, i5,iJe0cA  
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the 18X@0e  
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial ?,} u6tH  
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who Q;h.}N8W  
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled ^D yw(>9  
laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers A1WUK=P  
demanded skilled artisans. SN{z)q  
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized  Z>[7#;;  
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct JF~i.+{ h  
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. PwY/VGT  
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, ,:_c-d#  
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is &quY^j  
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never ^t >mdxuq  
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, Nw;qJ58@  
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished 0;Z|:\P\=  
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New YQVo7"`%  
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions   f XD+  
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North 4l D$'`  
American culture. q"2QNF'  
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands WI8}_){ d  
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he ou,[0B3n0  
fails to link their experience with the political development of the m</m9h8  
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might `e[S Zj\  
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as n<?U6~F&~  
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American ~!S3J2kG{  
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time ffKgVQux  
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their h my%X`%j  
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that 8}/DD^M  
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who (d9~z  
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. ('J/Ww<  
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial woI5aee|  
North America is supported by information in the text? yOM/UdWq  
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came lg%fjBY  
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring DE13x *2  
land. /2^L;#  
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were L!f~Am:#  
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. ct+F\:e  
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at d_[H|H9i6  
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during `IHP_If R  
the seventeenth century. $<*) 5|6  
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in ]3r}>/2(  
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. iSfRJ:_&6  
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to Jb,54uN  
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political +.cpZqWn3  
interdependence of the colonies and England. g-3^</_fZ  
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic #.8v[TkKq  
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. s,R:D).  
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of =By@%ioIGG  
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to 'O a3 6@  
acquire land. ?mMM{{%(.  
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values *QK) 1Y1W  
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. ?NE/ }?a  
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s QQ?t^ptv  
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? fY]"_P  
[A] It is totally implausible. le*+(aw  
[B] It is partially acceptable. 9nY`rF8@  
[C] It is highly admirable. 3f =ZNJ>  
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. r8"2C#  
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which $f@YQN=  
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? m|NZ093d  
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture Na@bXcz)  
of England. w|dfl *  
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have {@X>!]  
generally been unrecognized by historians. c0wLc,)G  
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did NX\AQVy9  
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. 5V 2ZAYV  
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high 'VV U-)(8  
culture of New England. |!FQQ(1b  
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which ^cZ< .d2  
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? v4e4,Nt  
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North AL":j6!OQ  
American culture. 2]kGDeSr  
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies 4?Y7. :x  
on Great Britain. 1;[KBYUH  
[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an ]x)!Kd2>  
Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. 7V%P  
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group !aSj1 2J  
of migrants to colonial North America. 1IoW}yT  
[答案与考点解析] A~xw:[zy$a  
1. 【答案】D )bM,>x  
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干中的“migrants”一词暗示本 yH('Vl  
题的答案信息在第一段或第三段, 因为这两段的首句都含有“migrants”一 3qTr|8`s  
词。又根据题干中的“supported”一词,我们可以推断出本题的答案信息 )W=O~g  
来源应该在原文的第三段,因为作者应该在第三段提出相应证据来“支 XaCvBQ  
持”(supported)自己的观点。通过仔细阅读和理解第三段,尤其是第三段 $'KQP8M+  
的尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在解题时一定要有 Z,"4f*2  
审题定位的能力,更要具备善于理解原文中启承转合所传达的含义。 SY|K9 $M^  
2. 【答案】D 'IY?=#xr'`  
【考点解析】这是一道细节理解题。题干中的“failed”一词暗示本题 NWh1u`  
的答案信息应该在尾段,因为尾段中含有“fails”一词。根据阅读和理解 x^@oY5}cr  
首段尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是D。考生在解题时一定要善于 w71YA#cg  
理解原文中所传达的中心含义。 bN-!&Td  
3. 【答案】B inh:b .,B  
【 考点解析 】本题是一道归纳推导题。 本题题干中的“Bailyn’s fourth 46]BRL2 G  
proposition”将本题的答案信息来源确定在原文的第四段。通过仔细阅读 ~*bfS}F8I  
和理解本段的每一句话,尤其是第二、三句话和四、五句话,我们可以推导 fV4rVy8  
出本题的正确选项应该是B。考生在解题时一定要善于归纳和推导原文的内 ~;9n6U  
容,更要善于体会上下句之间的语意关系。 /?r A|  
4. 【答案】A H?O5 "4a  
【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。题干中的“culture”一词暗示本 #w.0Cc  
题的答案信息来源在第四段,因为第四段首句包含“culture”一词。通过 RWv4/=}(G  
仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话,尤其是第四句,我们可以推导出本题的 ;@=3 @v  
正确选项应该是A。 考生在解题时一定要注意原文中重点词语所表达的含义, .mfLHN%:  
以及重点词语在选项中的替换形式。 9;Z{++z  
5. 【答案】A .^*;hZ~4%  
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干并没有明确指出本题答案信息 \}4Y]xjV2  
在原文中的准确位置。在这种情况下,考生一定要抓住全文的中心主旨, 以 0?$|F0U"J  
及每段的核心句。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的尾句,这是一个由转折词 |;NfH|43;  
“however”引导的句子。通过仔细阅读理解本句,我们可以推导出本题的 _^Q!cB'~/`  
正确选项是A。考生在解题时一定要重视原文中表达启承转合的词语,因为 MJ ch Z  
这往往是出题的重点。 ic`BDk NO  
[参考译文] j7ZxA*  
Bernard Bailyn最近通过运用关于欧洲移民经历的新的社会研究成果 " <+~u z  
重新解释了美国的早期历史。在他的重新解释中,迁徙成了重写北美前工业 !O%!A<3  
化历史的重要依据。其主张可分为四个独立的观点。 Xg d-^  
第一点断言,近代早期的英国居民经常在乡下流动,因此后来他们迁移 VIdKe&,  
到新大陆仅仅是一种“自然外流”。 虽然最初时殖民地对英国人没有多少正 w\s`8S  
面的诱惑力——他们宁愿留在本土。 到18世纪时, 移往美洲的人数却增加了, 0F-{YQr>  
因为他们将那儿看作是充满机遇的地方。第二,Bailyn认为,和以往美国 rlR!Tc>  
历史教材中惯用的观念相反,从来就没有过一个典型的新大陆社会,例如, OY}FtG y  
早期新英格兰城镇中的经济和人口特点就很不相同。 s1Acl\l-uF  
Bailyn的第三个观点是,成千上万的移民中最常见的是两种普遍类型: "\EX)u9ze  
一组是签约的仆人,另一组是为土地而来。令人惊异的是:Bailyn认为那 pWKE`x^  
些征召签约仆人的人是这种跨越大西洋移民迁徙的推动力。 这些殖民地的企 9[zxq`qT}+  
业主帮助那些来到前工业化北美社会的人确定其社会属性。起初,成千上万 %\ i&g$  
未受过培训的劳动力被征召,然而到了18世纪30年代,美洲雇主开始需求技 h"+7cc@  
术熟练的技工。 aGC3&c[Wx  
第四,Bailyn提出,殖民地是欧洲文化体系的半开化内地。在坚持殖 %Zk6K!MY#  
民地是盎格鲁—美利坚帝国的一部分这一点上,他无疑是正确的。但是像 U.,S.WP+d  
Bailyn这样,把帝国划分为英国核心和殖民地外围,就贬低了殖民地文化 ]uox ^HC  
的成就。确实,如Bailyn所说,殖民地的高雅文化不能和英国本土的相比。 ,i6E L  
但是如何看待17世纪的新英格兰呢?移民者在这儿制定了有效的法律,创建 J{b#X"i  
了著名的大学,出版了书籍。Bailyn可能会说,新英格兰是个特例。不过, I;NW!"pU  
新英格兰清教徒的思想和组织机构对北美文化有着深远的影响。 I9 z s  
尽管Bailyn不断关注着数万名刚好在革命前夕迁移过来的签约仆人, ldUZ\z(*  
但他没能把这些人的经历与美国的政治发展结合起来。他的书中有证据表 KbLSK  
明,我们本来可以建立这样一种联系。在出卖给美洲雇主的时间里,这些签 3h:~NL  
约仆人被看作是奴隶。毫不奇怪,一旦他们服役期满,就会放弃城市里的高 73rme,   
薪而走向西部,通过获得土地来保障个人独立。因此,一种特殊的美国政治 :ZY%-]u7  
文化开始于西部,那些怀疑权威和强烈反对贵族统治的移民者之中。 ?Vd~  
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板凳  发表于: 2020-02-09   
有点难度,看不太懂
级别: 初级博友
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沙发  发表于: 2020-01-08   
感谢分享,虽然只有一题,太难了
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