南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析 5atYOep
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the
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United States by applying new social research findings on the R
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experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration Jec'`,Y
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of 5 (A5Y-B
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate m)oJFF
propositions. Z@r.pRr'
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England mkR2i>
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World J[&b`A@.o
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies &iV{:)L
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather 2PG [7u^
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly b".L_Ma1*
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of Geng duo M8u<qj&<O
yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi 8,uB8C9
quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua: si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu QPq7R
qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi opportunity. *oybD=%4
Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to h;0S%ZC
flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New ZzX~&95G
World community. For example, the economic and demographic character M
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of early New England towns varied considerably. XO'l Nb.
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns qcT'nZ:
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as ^,]B@t2
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, }-@`9(o`)
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the _l1NKk
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial _H/8_[xk
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who { .?/)
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled )sT> i
laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers Nj 00W1
demanded skilled artisans. Xp}Yw"7
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized 6w@ Ii;
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct n9xAPB }
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. VzKW:St
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, +) m_o"hl
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is L{`JRu
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never k{Aj^O3gD
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England,
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where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished }_68j8`
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New @Rw
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England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions 2m2;t0
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North 'uxX5k/D@t
American culture. _> *jH'
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands |x-S&-
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he ,9o"43D:a|
fails to link their experience with the political development of the <|Pun8j
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might G@Z?&"
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as [E
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slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American mFZ?hOyP.
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time L~NbdaO
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their n;T7= 1_"
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that ut I"\1hQ
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who UTH_^HAN#G
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. X]dwX%:Z!j
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial oczN5YSt
North America is supported by information in the text? s=QAO!aw
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came ~'CE[G5
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring W!>.$4Q9
land. /Bm( `T
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were [a
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more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. p ObX42
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at c>)Yt^q&K
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during A'&K/) Z
the seventeenth century. !_cg\KU#
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in w_{wBL[3e
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. ^*Yh@4\{JH
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to Gvr@|{k
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political o_^?n[4
interdependence of the colonies and England. Ot6aRk
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic @-!}BUs?
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. -3=#u_
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of l.NEkAYPmH
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to ZU%[guf
acquire land. OD6\Mr2=
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values gh8F2V;<
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. m~-K[+ya`D
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s 5MtLT#C3r
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? W1|0Yd ;P
[A] It is totally implausible.
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[B] It is partially acceptable. Lja>8m
[C] It is highly admirable. ;CPr]avY
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. O#S;q5L@
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which .xm.DRk3
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? Xy$3VU*
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture 8)10o,#L
of England. <#u=[_H
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have [nr
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generally been unrecognized by historians. f-`)^5E
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did O\"3J(y,
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. C,ARXW1
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high {^7Hgg
culture of New England. eQp4|rf
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which /2=#t-p+
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? R |(q
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North S/e2P|}
American culture. NnDxq%l%
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies 6i.-6></
on Great Britain. jU9$Ehg
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[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an oPXkYW
Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. C1m]*}U
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group SEGri#s
of migrants to colonial North America. ^h~x)@=
[答案与考点解析] &:dH,
1. 【答案】D OZ
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【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干中的“migrants”一词暗示本 \KQ71yqY
题的答案信息在第一段或第三段, 因为这两段的首句都含有“migrants”一 R3;Tk^5A
词。又根据题干中的“supported”一词,我们可以推断出本题的答案信息 smRE!f*q
来源应该在原文的第三段,因为作者应该在第三段提出相应证据来“支 ^Eb.:}!D6
持”(supported)自己的观点。通过仔细阅读和理解第三段,尤其是第三段 bzuEfFaL
的尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在解题时一定要有 V )x$|!(
审题定位的能力,更要具备善于理解原文中启承转合所传达的含义。 CF&6J$ZBgJ
2. 【答案】D \n8]M\<
【考点解析】这是一道细节理解题。题干中的“failed”一词暗示本题 jr /pj?
的答案信息应该在尾段,因为尾段中含有“fails”一词。根据阅读和理解 C)@y5. G;
首段尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是D。考生在解题时一定要善于 %)|9E>fP]N
理解原文中所传达的中心含义。 A+"ia1p,}
3. 【答案】B snf~}:&
【 考点解析 】本题是一道归纳推导题。 本题题干中的“Bailyn’s fourth
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proposition”将本题的答案信息来源确定在原文的第四段。通过仔细阅读 )Ch2E|C?=8
和理解本段的每一句话,尤其是第二、三句话和四、五句话,我们可以推导 q)S^P>
出本题的正确选项应该是B。考生在解题时一定要善于归纳和推导原文的内 ]b7zJUz
容,更要善于体会上下句之间的语意关系。 U(Nu%
4. 【答案】A \?
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【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。题干中的“culture”一词暗示本 K?B{rE Lp
题的答案信息来源在第四段,因为第四段首句包含“culture”一词。通过 @z4*.S&tz
仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话,尤其是第四句,我们可以推导出本题的 Pe3@d|-,MU
正确选项应该是A。 考生在解题时一定要注意原文中重点词语所表达的含义, 5!DBmAB
以及重点词语在选项中的替换形式。 R7$:@<:g
5. 【答案】A 7n8~K3~;
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干并没有明确指出本题答案信息 TcjEcMw,
在原文中的准确位置。在这种情况下,考生一定要抓住全文的中心主旨, 以 kP#B5K_U|
及每段的核心句。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的尾句,这是一个由转折词 ewa wL"
“however”引导的句子。通过仔细阅读理解本句,我们可以推导出本题的 (l-tvk4Ln
正确选项是A。考生在解题时一定要重视原文中表达启承转合的词语,因为 Cjqklb/
这往往是出题的重点。 l6YtEHNG
[参考译文] 4
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Bernard Bailyn最近通过运用关于欧洲移民经历的新的社会研究成果 xy5lE+E_U
重新解释了美国的早期历史。在他的重新解释中,迁徙成了重写北美前工业 !46RGU:I
化历史的重要依据。其主张可分为四个独立的观点。 {sihus#Q
第一点断言,近代早期的英国居民经常在乡下流动,因此后来他们迁移 tBq
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到新大陆仅仅是一种“自然外流”。 虽然最初时殖民地对英国人没有多少正 Q1O}ly}JS
面的诱惑力——他们宁愿留在本土。 到18世纪时, 移往美洲的人数却增加了, (qqO
jz
因为他们将那儿看作是充满机遇的地方。第二,Bailyn认为,和以往美国 rai3<_W<
历史教材中惯用的观念相反,从来就没有过一个典型的新大陆社会,例如, P<l&0dPO8
早期新英格兰城镇中的经济和人口特点就很不相同。 C\/xl#e<@
Bailyn的第三个观点是,成千上万的移民中最常见的是两种普遍类型: ^B(V4-|
一组是签约的仆人,另一组是为土地而来。令人惊异的是:Bailyn认为那 LJk@Vy <?
些征召签约仆人的人是这种跨越大西洋移民迁徙的推动力。 这些殖民地的企 4wID]bKM
业主帮助那些来到前工业化北美社会的人确定其社会属性。起初,成千上万 Rv#]I#O
未受过培训的劳动力被征召,然而到了18世纪30年代,美洲雇主开始需求技 r\b3AKrIN
术熟练的技工。 8TGOx%}i
第四,Bailyn提出,殖民地是欧洲文化体系的半开化内地。在坚持殖 NLUT#!Gr
民地是盎格鲁—美利坚帝国的一部分这一点上,他无疑是正确的。但是像 5b!vgm#])
Bailyn这样,把帝国划分为英国核心和殖民地外围,就贬低了殖民地文化 UUzYbuS>&l
的成就。确实,如Bailyn所说,殖民地的高雅文化不能和英国本土的相比。 CK,7^U
但是如何看待17世纪的新英格兰呢?移民者在这儿制定了有效的法律,创建 eoai(&o0$
了著名的大学,出版了书籍。Bailyn可能会说,新英格兰是个特例。不过, *of3:w
新英格兰清教徒的思想和组织机构对北美文化有着深远的影响。 x^kp^
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尽管Bailyn不断关注着数万名刚好在革命前夕迁移过来的签约仆人, lDOCmdt@N
但他没能把这些人的经历与美国的政治发展结合起来。他的书中有证据表 2_n7=&
明,我们本来可以建立这样一种联系。在出卖给美洲雇主的时间里,这些签 \@8+U;d
约仆人被看作是奴隶。毫不奇怪,一旦他们服役期满,就会放弃城市里的高 !G SV6
薪而走向西部,通过获得土地来保障个人独立。因此,一种特殊的美国政治 S{;sUGcu
文化开始于西部,那些怀疑权威和强烈反对贵族统治的移民者之中。 4a'N>eDR