南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析 "5YsBih
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the T
United States by applying new social research findings on the {fS/ZG"5<t
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration I4");T3
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of hz/5k%%UX
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate r2hm`]\8M
propositions. ,
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The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England g|T' oK
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World 2xjS;lpw
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies G
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held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather S5uV\Y/A
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly _]Hn:O"o
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of Geng duo h<QXr'4+
yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi MW&;{m?2(
quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua: si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu ,v^it+Jc'
qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi opportunity. U}{r.MryFG
Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to 6DExsB~@
flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New TRQva8d?
World community. For example, the economic and demographic character \C>I6{
of early New England towns varied considerably. 3W27R
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns t;?
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prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as LOOv8'%O8
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, j0OxR.S
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the irL ehPX9
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial (yZ^Y'0
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who Ig=4Z*au!g
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled ho0T$hB
laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers "rX`h
demanded skilled artisans. 8ayB<b>+]"
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized K!'9wt
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct
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to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. 7o;}"Y1
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, d_OHQpfK
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is v/(< fI^
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never T3Tk:r
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, d*!,McBn
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished O! ;!amvz
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New =b6Q2s,i
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions 5Rc
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developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North fUE jl
American culture. /#.6IV(
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands (B[0BjU
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he ]ul]L
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fails to link their experience with the political development of the obY5taOw
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might O'_D*?
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as |2^cPnv?G&
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American w+[r$+z!k
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time @m#7E4+
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their
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personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that St'3e<
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who `
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were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. -3F|)qwK
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial ~-|K5
North America is supported by information in the text? )ASI4
1
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came h=?#D0
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring ^ WidA-
land. D1#fy=u69|
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were Bv@NE2
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. uq{w1
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[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at 1iig0l6\m
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during jl%27Ld
the seventeenth century. y/Paq^Hd
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in -n+=[M
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. E2+O-;VN
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to X\V1c$13CK
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political ~*ST fyFw
interdependence of the colonies and England. [y&yy|*\
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic w<*6pPy
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. #px74EeI\
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of 2tMe# V
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to 3E)
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acquire land. :bNqK0[rS
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values 7vF+Di(B
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. Xy5#wDRC
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s *QH@c3vUe\
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? dtTQY
[A] It is totally implausible. DQui7dr)l
[B] It is partially acceptable. I($0&Y\De
[C] It is highly admirable. 8Q d *OO
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. +"
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4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which 'I^3r~_
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? BE>^;` K
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture n
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of England. sVWOh|O[W
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have 3)cH\gsg9
generally been unrecognized by historians. >BFUts%
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did YS],o'T
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. $`;1][OD
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high icS%])3LF
culture of New England. uW;[FTcqy$
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which &UrPb%=2H
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? S*PcK>
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North 5NGQWg
American culture. [L(qrAQ2|z
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies
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on Great Britain. c`,'[Q5(O
[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an yrvV<}
Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. aoqG*qh}b
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group -<0xS.^
of migrants to colonial North America. 10}<n_I
[答案与考点解析] d%,@,>>)
1. 【答案】D Y'
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【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干中的“migrants”一词暗示本 E5iNuJj=f
题的答案信息在第一段或第三段, 因为这两段的首句都含有“migrants”一 MxLg8,M
词。又根据题干中的“supported”一词,我们可以推断出本题的答案信息 v]h^0WU
来源应该在原文的第三段,因为作者应该在第三段提出相应证据来“支 .D3k(zZ
持”(supported)自己的观点。通过仔细阅读和理解第三段,尤其是第三段 DMdVE P"m
的尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在解题时一定要有 u7nTk'#r
审题定位的能力,更要具备善于理解原文中启承转合所传达的含义。 4
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2. 【答案】D dkWV/DAm
【考点解析】这是一道细节理解题。题干中的“failed”一词暗示本题 &v)/mc7D
的答案信息应该在尾段,因为尾段中含有“fails”一词。根据阅读和理解 %p;;
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首段尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是D。考生在解题时一定要善于 w!_6*
理解原文中所传达的中心含义。 vJj}$AlI
3. 【答案】B <sTY<i VR
【 考点解析 】本题是一道归纳推导题。 本题题干中的“Bailyn’s fourth yz7Fe
proposition”将本题的答案信息来源确定在原文的第四段。通过仔细阅读 Og-v][
和理解本段的每一句话,尤其是第二、三句话和四、五句话,我们可以推导 {%Rntb
出本题的正确选项应该是B。考生在解题时一定要善于归纳和推导原文的内 .^xQtnq
容,更要善于体会上下句之间的语意关系。 y9Pw'4R
4. 【答案】A J?Bj=b
【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。题干中的“culture”一词暗示本 L[voouaqm
题的答案信息来源在第四段,因为第四段首句包含“culture”一词。通过 K%.t%)A_3
仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话,尤其是第四句,我们可以推导出本题的 rL,kDSLs
正确选项应该是A。 考生在解题时一定要注意原文中重点词语所表达的含义, 'YB{W8bR
以及重点词语在选项中的替换形式。 }SFmv},Ij
5. 【答案】A ':|E$@$W
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干并没有明确指出本题答案信息 \E1CQP-
在原文中的准确位置。在这种情况下,考生一定要抓住全文的中心主旨, 以 f5z*AeI
及每段的核心句。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的尾句,这是一个由转折词 ;TKsAU
“however”引导的句子。通过仔细阅读理解本句,我们可以推导出本题的 Tmk'rOg5
正确选项是A。考生在解题时一定要重视原文中表达启承转合的词语,因为 $}EI3a
这往往是出题的重点。 /%F5u}eW
[参考译文] CG
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Bernard Bailyn最近通过运用关于欧洲移民经历的新的社会研究成果 Ip0`R+8
重新解释了美国的早期历史。在他的重新解释中,迁徙成了重写北美前工业 5Mp$u756
化历史的重要依据。其主张可分为四个独立的观点。 z
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第一点断言,近代早期的英国居民经常在乡下流动,因此后来他们迁移 I@kMM12>c
到新大陆仅仅是一种“自然外流”。 虽然最初时殖民地对英国人没有多少正 z
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面的诱惑力——他们宁愿留在本土。 到18世纪时, 移往美洲的人数却增加了, TU1W!=Z
因为他们将那儿看作是充满机遇的地方。第二,Bailyn认为,和以往美国 ~H4Tr[8a
历史教材中惯用的观念相反,从来就没有过一个典型的新大陆社会,例如, -sx=1+\nf
早期新英格兰城镇中的经济和人口特点就很不相同。 WM0-F@_
Bailyn的第三个观点是,成千上万的移民中最常见的是两种普遍类型: ;ykX]5jGh
一组是签约的仆人,另一组是为土地而来。令人惊异的是:Bailyn认为那 8w ]'U
些征召签约仆人的人是这种跨越大西洋移民迁徙的推动力。 这些殖民地的企 G%dzJpC(
业主帮助那些来到前工业化北美社会的人确定其社会属性。起初,成千上万 _=K\E0I.m
未受过培训的劳动力被征召,然而到了18世纪30年代,美洲雇主开始需求技 6 u,w
术熟练的技工。 C_ W%]8u
第四,Bailyn提出,殖民地是欧洲文化体系的半开化内地。在坚持殖 fM3Z
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民地是盎格鲁—美利坚帝国的一部分这一点上,他无疑是正确的。但是像 h$d`Jmaq
Bailyn这样,把帝国划分为英国核心和殖民地外围,就贬低了殖民地文化 =.IAd<C
的成就。确实,如Bailyn所说,殖民地的高雅文化不能和英国本土的相比。 {
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但是如何看待17世纪的新英格兰呢?移民者在这儿制定了有效的法律,创建 dW
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了著名的大学,出版了书籍。Bailyn可能会说,新英格兰是个特例。不过, o;v_vCLO
新英格兰清教徒的思想和组织机构对北美文化有着深远的影响。 loD:4e1
尽管Bailyn不断关注着数万名刚好在革命前夕迁移过来的签约仆人, Me-H'Mp~
但他没能把这些人的经历与美国的政治发展结合起来。他的书中有证据表 eMjW^-RgE5
明,我们本来可以建立这样一种联系。在出卖给美洲雇主的时间里,这些签 W"g@*B'|
约仆人被看作是奴隶。毫不奇怪,一旦他们服役期满,就会放弃城市里的高 8Ib5
薪而走向西部,通过获得土地来保障个人独立。因此,一种特殊的美国政治 h@{CMe
文化开始于西部,那些怀疑权威和强烈反对贵族统治的移民者之中。 mpzm6Ieu