英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: k,L ,
S十V主谓结构 ` Nn^
S十V十F主系表结构 M DnT
S十V十O主谓宾结构 [sC]<2 r
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 }]pq&v!
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 O a_2J#~$
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 JM5w`=
五个基本句式详细解释如下: %nJ^0X_]
1.S十V句式 "5mdq-h(
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: NymS8hxR
He runs quickly. QE&rpF7l{
他跑得快。 .6%-Il
They listened carefully. 7|6uY
他们听得很仔细。 }2Y:#{m
He suffered from cold and hunger. fX).A`
他挨冻受饿。 G#ov2
China belongs to the third world country. &B
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中国属于第三世界国家。 k%V#{t.
The gas has given out. sQrP,:=r#
煤气用完了。 :N
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My ink has run out. SwV{t}I
我的钢笔水用完了。 <6`_Xr7)
2.S十V十P句式 gF;i3OJg
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: h#9X0u7j
He is older than he looks. * 8
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他比看上去要老。 Qvh: hkR
He seen interested in the book. Xc;W9e(U
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 [mKPOg-t
The story sounds interesting. P.WEu<$
这个故事听起来有趣。 8KRm>-H)
The desk feels hard. GGcNaW'
书桌摸起来很硬。 _,:gSDW|
The cake tastes nice. bD[W`yW0
饼尝起来很香。 ]6NpHDip1
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. '`Eb].s*
花闻起来香甜。 E}K6Op;=v5
You have grown taller than before. t<5$
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你长得比以前高了。 d 6 t#4!
He has suddenly fallen ill. |T<t19
他突然病倒了。 CAdq oCz|
He stood quite still. )
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他静静地站看。 Jhdo#}Ub
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. $d2mcwh\
他长大后当了教师。 BH"f\oc
He could never turn traitor to his country. v7x%V%K
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 Os--@5e
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: ^$-ID6
He looked me up and down. !5lb+%7
他上下打量我。 IzPnbnS}
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. /<7'[x<
他伸出手来摸象。 &Z!O
They are tasting the fish. 7.Df2_)
他们在品尝鱼。 ,@1rP 55
They grow rice in their home town. <4r3ZV;'
他们在家乡种水稻。 \
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He's got a chair to sit on. D@@J7
他有椅子坐。 oD1rt>k
Please turn the sentence into English. MvV\?Lzj
请把这个句于泽成英语。 }7)iLfi
3.S十V十O句式 RLl*@SEi"
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: h=:Ls]ZU
I saw a film yesterday. miWog 8j
我昨天看了一部电影。 QX`Qnk|Y
Have you read the story? 2>`m1q:
你读过这个故事吗? L>xecep
They found their home easily. ~)ut"4
他们很容易找到他们的家。 \N3A2L)l
They built a house last year. 2h=QJgpCG
他们去年建了一所房子。 !q]@/<=
They've put up a factory in the village. 3`
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他们在村里建了一座工厂。 J
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They have taken good care of the children. |azdFf6A:[
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 \tCxz(vKz
You should look after your children well. Go;fQ yG
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 3.0t 5F<B
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 #/"?.Z;SSH
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: B7QuSo//
He gave me a book/a book to me. pDYcsC{p
他给我一本书。 a+!r5689
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. G!<-9HA5
他带给我一枝钢笔。 vyS8yJUY
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. 1r9.JS
他把座位让给我。 Z@1vJH6IbA
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: eN,6p'&
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. %+8"-u
妈妈给我买了一本书。 ]K0G!T R<
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 L9}%tEP
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. ;0"p)O@s04
请帮我一下。 ]@P!Q&V #
He asked me a question/a question of me. UD0#Tpd7
他问我个问题。
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注意,下边动词只有一种说法: !5^&?plC@
They robbed the old man of his money. &x.n>O
他们抢了老人的钱。 VRQD
He's warned me of the danger. @9AK!I8f
他警告我注意危险。 #E
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The doctor has cured him of his disease. -Cc2|
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医生治好了他的病。 !;%+1j?d
We must rid the house of th erats. 7*>(C*q=
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 ,t|qhJF
They deprived him of his right to speak. }}X<e
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 CFW#+U#U
5.S十V十O十C句式 :8LK}TY7
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 .|c=]_{
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 "QLp%B,A
They made the girl angry. \J-}Dp\0b
他们使这个女孩生气了。 ;=lQMKx0
They found her happy that day. Wagb|B\
他们发现那天她很高兴。 )\m%&EXG{
I found him out. fqm-?vy}
我发现他出去了。 +2JC**)I
I saw him in. z;lWr(-x
我见他在家。 cL+bMM$4r~
They saw a foot mark in the sand. /;;$9O9
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 CT[CM+
They named the boy Charlie. |0$7{nQ
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 c+N\uG4
I saw him come in and go out. 8c<O
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我见他进来又出去。 +z O.|`+
They felt the car moving fast. v<:/u(i
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 g93Hl&
I heard the glass broken just now. I!u fw\[
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 fp2uk3Bm[
He found the doctor of study closed to him. LNOz.2fr>
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。