独立主格特征 \#P
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• 1. 充当句子的状语。 uuu\f*<
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 K<c2PFo)Q
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 GGCqtA^@7d
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） s4 (Wp3>3i
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. nt7|f,_J
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. +|6`E 3j%
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). TZe+<~4*i%
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真题剖析 W/sY#"
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. "c6<zP
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because z ^'n* h
虚拟语气（1） {t&*>ma6)
虚拟语气（2） 012Lwd
• 1. （should）+动词原形 1t.R+1[c
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 vTdUuj3N
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 -OWZ6#v(
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 K!p,x;YX
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 +s ULo
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ^+ wk
would rather +动词过去式 <K X&zi<L)
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真题剖析 e gI&epN
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … j1A|D
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t p-xd k|'[
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. g
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded >OK#n)U`
C. decided D. demanded ET. dI.R 8
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非谓语动词 V#L'7">VP
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 b1xpz1
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) }RIU8=P
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) B$?^wo
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 'C^;OjAg
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真题剖析 LTXz$Z]
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. \J3 /keL
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops @PX\{6&
主谓一致 (1) Vm ,,u F
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 _{)9b24(
How you got there doesn’t concern me. T<yb#ak
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. >g}G}=R~3
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ) ,` 8eQC
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. |>+uw|LtZ
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 u R:rO^
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 z:}nBCmLV
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). u-:Ic.ZV
主谓一致 (2) IPtvuEju\
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 rt}^4IqL
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. {v,)G)obWw
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) g) 1X&>
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） D(\$i.,b2
He no less than John is interested in literature. Fe!9y2Mg
主谓一致 (3) =J/ FJb
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) zk}{ dG^M:
Either my father or my brothers are coming. f<=Fe:1.
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 K Y.ZT2k
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ?obm7<
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真题剖析 sn{tra
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. fk {0d
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some 5/@UVY 9_
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate M bA\pG'T
倒装 2?DRLF]
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一、全部倒装 |.U)ll(c
二、部分倒装 sWqM?2 g
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全部倒装 ]l;*$2w)
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” WNy3@+@GZ
There stand big buildings in this district. ^%<pJMgdF
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. n}n E cXb
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ;_+uSalt
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ~Xv =9@,h
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 JAjku 6
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 8e2?tmWM
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全部倒装 Z-X ?JA\&
• 4. 表语位于句首 E"PcrWB&
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. nJFg^ s 1
Not far from here is a famous university. (< c7<_-H
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 \>Zvev!s
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 0C$vS`s&
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. q3w1GD
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） U1R4x!ym4
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. \2e0|)aF6
部分倒装 G}zZQy
• 1. 疑问句 h2q/mi5{
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） zJN7<sv
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 8|g<X1H{M
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 19U]2D/z
Only when he comes back can be leave. `BXS)xj
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 =H`Q~ Xx
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. <[~,uR7
部分倒装 l.=p8-/$'7
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) WcUJhi^\C
By no means should you break the rules.
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. vGd1w %J-
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) /n,a?Ft^N)
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” (P|pRVO
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. t+ Bf# :
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
