独立主格特征 }$[@*
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 UXh%DOq
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 eaDR-g"
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 ttls.~DG
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） uzT+,
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ^"~r/@l
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 9{e/ V)
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). $ @l=FV_;
X"9N < )C
真题剖析 xm5?C>vu(
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. KyQTrl.qdl
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because WX]O1Y
虚拟语气（1） olr-oi`4C
虚拟语气（2） IVy< >xpt
• 1. （should）+动词原形 6=qC/1,l
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 SurreD<x
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 [#YzU^^Ib
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 $:# :"
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 i8p$wf"aW
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 Q
v
g_|~n
would rather +动词过去式 L8H:, } 2
:I2,
真题剖析 We\i0zUU
c`&g.s@N\
• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 8TG|frS
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t ]Yf^O @<<>
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. f mJK+
53. A. ordered B. pleaded : >Bk^"
C. decided D. demanded q#I'@Jbj
=v 'Aub
非谓语动词 Z:Vde^Ih
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 IOF!Ra:w
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) %O f w"W
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Yyd]s\W
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 4 P=1)t?tX
XT*/aa-1'
7ku=roPoF
真题剖析 {\NBNg (Vo
$tI<M
Z&Z
• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. lrwQ
>N
-QR]BD%J*[
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops ]=ZPSLuEm%
主谓一致 (1) Iz83T9I&
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 tQYV4h\Qj
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 2{Dnfl'k
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. gm n b
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 #_`p
0wY
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. p&u\gSo
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 m
xBx?xM-
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 sZxTsUW
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). N 3O!8A_
主谓一致 (2) e==/+
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 I Z*)
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 2hso6Oy/v{
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) [u=yl0f
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） 64 'QTF{D
He no less than John is interested in literature. #8
^b]
主谓一致 (3) X8}\m%gCU
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) =Ti
@Y
Either my father or my brothers are coming. ~%
t'}JDZ
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 -P-8D6
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. nUVk;0at
V @s93kh
真题剖析 "VHT5k
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. @Q{:m)\
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some #` U?,>2q
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate ]bmf}&
倒装 7fzH(H
#O,w{S
一、全部倒装 Zn40NKYc
二、部分倒装 {
R[ V
; 14Q@yrZ0
全部倒装 Q% !xw(
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” H8B.c%_|U
There stand big buildings in this district. @"98u$5
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. Y#-c<o}f
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) EV* |\ te
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. W np [8IEU
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 qC& xuu|
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. |a /cw"
9^ C6ZgNS
全部倒装 =%> E8)Jb
• 4. 表语位于句首 N!v>2"x8q
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. #a9R3-aP
Not far from here is a famous university. L"?4}U:
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 x 2l}$(7
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 8Jp?@qt=$
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. G%i&C)jZ
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） ;
+Ie<oW
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. 9n\v{ k=
部分倒装 {S%;By&[
• 1. 疑问句 X.q#ZpK
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） l #w0-n%S
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. h4ghMBo%
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 -A:'D8o#f
Only when he comes back can be leave. I3l1 _
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 %F;uW[4r
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. NB( GE
部分倒装 9N) Ea:N
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) 3A\Hiy!{F
By no means should you break the rules. 1JI7P?\B
At no time should we give in to difficulties. Dl }va
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) IY(;:#l
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” t +CU
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. _.,"`U; H
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
