独立主格特征 )5%'.P>
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 TRQF^P3o
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 >.'*) @vQi
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 | e?64%l5P
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） `m>*d!h=
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. n'01Hh`0
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. OCJnjlV%
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). B}:( z a&
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真题剖析 6m
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• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. C] 9 p5Hs
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because bQP {|
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虚拟语气（2） te
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• 1. （should）+动词原形 :GW&O /Yo
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句
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• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ?jt}*q>X]
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 A~ +S1
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 (v|} \?L
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ./D$dbu3
would rather +动词过去式 |-
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真题剖析 psC
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … d/|D<Sb [s
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t }kK[S|XVO
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. YJ/zU52JK~
53. A. ordered B. pleaded nJ"YIT1K]p
C. decided D. demanded VX+jadYdq
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非谓语动词 "+
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• 动名词、分词、不定式。 E55 t*^`
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) U
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• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) RQp|T5Er*
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 1q3(
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真题剖析 ?@t d
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ^6
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops sv(f;ib
主谓一致 (1) ',4x$qe
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 5P+ t^\
How you got there doesn’t concern me. IU] ^&e9u
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. P;8>5;U4-
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ^*= 85iyo
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ,prF6*g+WE
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 \[>9UC%
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 5P h X"7
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water).
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主谓一致 (2) C4#rA.nF|
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 omf Rs
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. yag}fQ(XH
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 7"*|2Xq
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） HygY>s+3[
He no less than John is interested in literature. 0g<K [mPr7
主谓一致 (3) !lmWb-v%36
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) :9Y$'+ <&H
Either my father or my brothers are coming. >71&]/Rv
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 O^I[
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. V' 2EPY B
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真题剖析 & ~f3 psA
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. Pe~ `16f
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some ! sA_?2$
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate X7|.T0{=x
倒装 .2\
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二、部分倒装 n1:v HBM@\
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” k6?cP0I)5
There stand big buildings in this district. qq0
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. Zq ot{s
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 4`2$_T$ F
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. VAYb=4l t
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 EZ(^~k=
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. [~k]{[NJ
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• 4. 表语位于句首 "t&{yBQ0u
Especially remarkable was his flat nose.
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Not far from here is a famous university. . )8
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Inuc(_I
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. .Tm- g#
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. {.#zHL
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• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） ~%q7Vmk9
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. Q59/ex
部分倒装 hZNEv|
• 1. 疑问句 ?'~
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• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 4&}\BU*
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. \kwe51MQ
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 +X! +'>
Only when he comes back can be leave. `5 "/dC
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 @&/\r
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No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. oa9)Dv
部分倒装 ~{
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) AZ8UXq
By no means should you break the rules. BpXEK.X
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. f0F#Yi{fw
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) nJ# XVlHc
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” 4 RO Wz
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. '{D%\ w5{
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
