独立主格特征 u2< h<}Y
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 G#: !wI
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 5m42B qy"
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 Z L </
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） !&lPdEc@T
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. NO^t/(Z
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. %Z yPK,("
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). S$52KOo
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真题剖析 l|A8AuO*?
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. !d .>r
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because 3gy;$}Lq T
虚拟语气（1） ;/ KF3
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虚拟语气（2） 8$U ZL
• 1. （should）+动词原形 X-#mv|3
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 5,BkwAr+6[
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ;}~Bv<#
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Z'dI!8(Nf
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 E)wT+\
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 9 ~'Ip7X,!
would rather +动词过去式 HcVs(]tIW
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真题剖析 e=;@L3f
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … }_ :#fE
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t T>Rf?%o
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. FJ,\?ooGf
53. A. ordered B. pleaded f9XO9N,hE:
C. decided D. demanded _& Uo|T
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非谓语动词 @1-GPmj-
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 :mV7)oWH
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) >`?+FDOJ,
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ^_S-s\DW
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Nw$[a$^n
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真题剖析 Iam-'S 5
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. p< 0kmA<B/
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops [cL U *:
主谓一致 (1) iI@Gyq=
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 CMxj X
How you got there doesn’t concern me. EBDC ' ^
Growing vegetables needs constant watering.
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• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 23\j1?
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ZG
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• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 Th;gps%b
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ! N"L`RWD
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). "U5Ln2X{J
主谓一致 (2) C> `.J_N
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. m cz(,u}
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) n2y/zP>TC
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） 8F` BJ6='
He no less than John is interested in literature. k}f<'g<H
主谓一致 (3) ]2xx+P#Y
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) EYJ i6#
Either my father or my brothers are coming. ` r'0" V
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 _8NEwwhc
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. /50g3?X,
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真题剖析
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• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. MKVfy:g%So
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some dxkRk#m f:
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate 2 <6`TA*m
倒装 yS ixYt
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一、全部倒装 5M<' A=
二、部分倒装 O ':0V
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全部倒装 Xx3 g3P
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” \uU=O
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There stand big buildings in this district. S1 EEASr!}
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ()QOZ+x_!
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ~7lTqY\
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. kCaO\#ta
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 7SgweZ}"
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. KP[N uXA`
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全部倒装
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• 4. 表语位于句首 Vq3gceo'0A
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. fD1 ?z"lo
Not far from here is a famous university. 1R0ffP]
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 tigT@!`$Y
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. T>}0) s
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. y[:
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• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） X}ZlW J
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. %'Zc2h&z
部分倒装 ` W@T'T"
• 1. 疑问句 \7pipde
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） KAd_zkUA
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. o^3FL||P#r
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 yL0f1nS
Only when he comes back can be leave. 4-mVB wq
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 otO
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No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 9 B
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部分倒装 > 2#%$lX6
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) B$rTwR"( -
By no means should you break the rules. ebq g"tPN{
At no time should we give in to difficulties. tQW WgLM
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) + R!zs
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ( S ` 6Q
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. @Mm/C?#*O
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
