独立主格特征 +j%!RS$ko
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 }} J?
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• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 MRV4D<NQ
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 ;w a- \Z
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） .-awl1 W
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 3-`IMN n!
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. +? E~F
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). zn@<>o8hU
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真题剖析 anxg D?<+B
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. FAX|.!US*p
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because ~k^rI jR
虚拟语气（1） Nj rF":'Y
虚拟语气（2） >-*rtiE
• 1. （should）+动词原形 4>-'w MW")
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Ye% e!
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 BiT
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• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 7 X E&[o
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 @a$_F3W
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 Kkcb' aDR
would rather +动词过去式 t~]n"zgovz
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真题剖析 \@&oK 2f
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … c%+/TO
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t kl%%b"h'
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. [U]^:sV)
53. A. ordered B. pleaded w"Zng
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C. decided D. demanded 17P 5D r&
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非谓语动词 /S
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• 动名词、分词、不定式。 X
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• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) JYb
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• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) PL} Wu=
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 _|+}4 ap
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真题剖析 @7UZ{+67*C
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. WbJ|]}hJ\
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops ]2E#P.-!b
主谓一致 (1) {E =BFs
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ^^,cnDlm
How you got there doesn’t concern me. j<NZ4Rf
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. C
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• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 |7%has3"
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. .*}!XKp0j
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 s qXwDy+.
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 H!'Ek[s+
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). uB=DC'l kg
主谓一致 (2) 8k{Kn H
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 =kzuU1s
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. <)$&V*\
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 1.0:
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） bv^wE,+?o
He no less than John is interested in literature. knn9s0'Q
主谓一致 (3) b> h
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• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) FEH+ PKSc
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 0Q7|2{
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ZH)Jq^^RI
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. p[Zk;AT~
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真题剖析 R ;k1(p
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. %i6/=
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53. A. none B. few C. any D. some \@[Y ~:
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate R]&lVX yH
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一、全部倒装 kyi"U A82
二、部分倒装 4|&_i)S-Y
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全部倒装 2FN E ;y(
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” e'yw8U5E/
There stand big buildings in this district. .sjv"D"
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. - lqD
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) cOf .z)kf6
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. URbHV
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• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 \_(|$Dhq
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. Quwq_ .DU
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• 4. 表语位于句首 d\R "?Sg
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. l)e6*sDZ,
Not far from here is a famous university. Mtl`A'KQ/K
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 DU SQh+C
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. v ^J']
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. e(?1`1
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） i[4!% FxB
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. bXvriQ.UH
部分倒装 E9b>w P
• 1. 疑问句 j115:f
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） *0
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. H h%"
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 ly69:TR7I
Only when he comes back can be leave. O6vHo3k
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 >7)QdaB
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. \x<,Ma=D
部分倒装 \?w Ks
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) mo9(2@~<
By no means should you break the rules. s1R #X~d
At no time should we give in to difficulties. vTo+jQs^
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) GPizR|}h
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” z}iz ~WZ
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. M1]w0~G
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
