填空题常考结构 '
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一、主句单一原则 FzVZs#O
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 OH>r[,z0
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 Is
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例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. UnP|]]o:I
(A) They occur where they are ti}f&w
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(B) Occuring where d<!IGt4Ky
(C) Where they occur |hc\jb
(D) Where do they occur fSbS(a
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 #vtN+E
C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 ;ed#+$Na
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例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center C\OECVT
(A) Fort Wayne 7N|
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(B) Although Fort Wayne Gy9
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(C) For wayne is in qIz}$%!A
(D) Fort Wayne, in 9j0o&Xn
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。 ~}K{e
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二、谓语动词专一原则 h
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任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 TU%bOAKF\
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 6Kp}_^|z
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例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” '$?du~L-
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with []gRfM]$
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social issues. l~D\;F
(A) covers Lc%xc`n8B
(B) covers it *7Xzht&f
(C) which covers I|T7+{5z
(D) which it covers kM;o0wi
分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句 Im+7<3Z
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例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused d8o ewkiR
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on \7 Gz\=\LR
the paper. ~)?|J
(A) the impression is -=mwy
(B) if the impression is (hN?:q?'
(C) impressions "mA1H]r3
(D) the impression Cfv]VQQE
分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。C为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词is的数不一致,故也排除。因此选择D,caused.... 修饰impression 8kH<$9
三、平行结构 9@'4P
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。 ZLrHZhP-+
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: Y{+3}drJE
A and B, jT-<IJh!o
A , B, and C \=fh-c(J,
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例1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- x<>YUw8`
is known as accounting. ,hvc``j
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(A) an enterprise's transactions summary NzlAC
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's R6P\T\~E
transactions CA*~2|
(C) transactions of an enterprise are oKa>.e7.
summarized lDN?|YG
(D) summarizing the transactions of an N2FbrfNFa
enterprise T8Na]V5
分析:空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。 tvpN/p
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 [.&[<!,.
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例2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed QBihpA1;
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and 7 :U8 f:
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on !\x?R6K
human patients. ~ffwLgu!
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in JA6";fl;
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures >rf5)Y~f
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures yU_9a[$V
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull zy>}L #
fractures >nM%p4E
分析:空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 0( //D
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四、宾语从句结构 N
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宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 XwPx9+b6j
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: 2w4MJ,Uw
state(陈述,表明)+that <L&eh&4c
indicate(指明,表明)+that '[fZt#
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例1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, AP w6
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite Ekjf^Uo
units called quanta or photons. T|bZ9_?+2
(A) energy that "&-C$J5
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(B) that it is energy /80YZ
(C) it is energy &HL{LnLP@/
(D) that energy j)L1H*
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分析:空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句,故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此D正确。 o5 WW{)Q
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例2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth aQ|hi F}
indicate--yield when unusual weight is dtTlIhh1V
placed on them. woau'7}XOu
(A) although its crust and mantle xR}of"
(B) its crust and mantle to tcOnM w
(C) that its crust and mantle 5;Ia$lm=y
(D) for its crust and mantle to
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分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B)使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 oAz<G
五、介词+ which结构 #LWg" i
许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 ,q</@}.\wN
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, nh;y:Bi
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 kzi|$Gs<