填空题常考结构 KB0HM
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一、主句单一原则 Q=}p
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任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 :P1 J> dcG
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 TcPYDAa
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例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. aKkL0
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(A) They occur where they are F)Oe;z6
(B) Occuring where 5v
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(C) Where they occur #usi1UWB#Q
(D) Where do they occur ?:73O`sX:
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 dF$a52LS
C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 kcGs2Y_*&
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例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center ;;#28nV
(A) Fort Wayne GvQKFgO6h
(B) Although Fort Wayne LE#ko2#ke
(C) For wayne is in {8`V5:
(D) Fort Wayne, in Zt;3HY=y
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。 iG*@(
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二、谓语动词专一原则 ixc~DV+@[
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 bn$a7\X-
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 G?Fqm@J{XT
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例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” 6jS:_[p
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with oZVq}}R
social issues. l}\q }7\)
(A) covers ]nmVT~lBe"
(B) covers it )g;*u,C
(C) which covers pCOtk'n
(D) which it covers 1dsMmD[O
分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句 uKOsYN%D
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例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused 8Qm%T7]UFb
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on yxz)32B?
the paper. qhE1
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(A) the impression is 3n ~n-Jo
(B) if the impression is <Sn;k[M}d
(C) impressions ]; CTr0
(D) the impression L'A>IBrz
分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。C为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词is的数不一致,故也排除。因此选择D,caused.... 修饰impression A3su!I2S
三、平行结构 =eHoJq
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。 [>MPM$9F-m
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: 655OL)|cD6
A and B, _`Lv@T.
A , B, and C x@aWvrL
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例1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- O3*}L2j@
is known as accounting. Fk4T>8q2;
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary 9-`P\/
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's s^vw]D
transactions n)bbEXO
(C) transactions of an enterprise are <Na .6P
summarized Z!81\5
(D) summarizing the transactions of an t(.jJ>|+*
enterprise X{BS]
分析:空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。 >U9JbkeF
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 cAQ_/>
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例2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed 8bf~uHAr
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and GpC*w
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supervised the first use of Aureomycin on gK_#R]
human patients. d&owS+B{48
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in
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(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures 87ptab@
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures PZY
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(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull 1> 'xmp+#
fractures m+ =L}[
分析:空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 ur|
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四、宾语从句结构 Fu\!'\6
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 {osadXdC
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: \}EJtux q
state(陈述,表明)+that ]?*L"()kp
indicate(指明,表明)+that Z1N=tL
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例1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, myqQqVW
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite s#4Q?<65u
units called quanta or photons. n^2'O:Vs
(A) energy that c-`izn]
(B) that it is energy 30<3DA_P
(C) it is energy ,#8H9<O9t
(D) that energy >goG\y
分析:空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句,故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此D正确。 SS7C|*-Zd
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例2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth w|(
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indicate--yield when unusual weight is *zl-R*bM$
placed on them. nV>=n,+s"
(A) although its crust and mantle CW'<Nh
(B) its crust and mantle to H5/w!y@
(C) that its crust and mantle wd<jh,
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(D) for its crust and mantle to %+ur41HM
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B)使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 .v[!_bk8C
五、介词+ which结构 7f\/cS^
许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 |6T"T P
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, 9ve)+Lk
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 Oi$$vjs2
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, G[s/M\l
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 UjcKvF
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例1:In the United States, a primary election is sp&g
a method ---- voters select the nominees X,ok 3c4X
for public office. !y7w~UVs
(A) that 3TF'[(K=
(B)by which ?oulQR6:
(C)is that fp'%lbk=
(D)by those N7}yU~j^
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除C和D。 =801nZJ
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰method是不通的。 c*Q6k<SKR
B是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….);正确 am#(ms
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例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players Jec<1|
hit wooden balls through wire arches called #u$ Z/,
wickers. D0@d}N
(A) when Xr$hQbl5D
(B) which *kKdL
(C) is when H <ugc
(D) in which hsHtLH+@
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。但是到底是选择B还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择D, 关系代词which 前应该有介词。 ) kK" 1\m
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六、in that结构 =%R|@lz_x
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, +d/^0^(D\5
because of +名词, H\ONv=}7I
consequently是副词 ~7"6Y]
而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 iMXK_O%
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例1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals p:gM?2p1
---- it is a liquid. Trwk9 +
(A) whereas dI|`"jl#
(B) in that (y{nD~k
(C) because of +jpC%o}C
(D) consequently
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分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首先排除。 +i.b&PF'H
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that为复合连词,用来引导原因状语从句。 <6)
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例2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual *,=WaODO %
-- travel over land and water on a layer of air. J>Uzd,
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(A)they {|Pz9a-:
(B)in they hV4\#K[
(C)that they ,"!P{c
(D)in that they 4$<-3IP,
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A和B缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C一般作宾语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中in that为连词,引导表原因的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选D。 <r{ )*]#l
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这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项,如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多,但是要考的话一定就是重点。 JV#)?/a$z
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