填空题常考结构 T%A"E,#
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一、主句单一原则 NZ?dJ"eq7
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 yH9&HFDp
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 R5\|pC
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例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. ZH`(n5
(A) They occur where they are {"*_++|
(B) Occuring where j=c< Lo`
(C) Where they occur tBETNt7
(D) Where do they occur x`I"%pG
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 P0RtS1A
C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 !r9rTS]
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例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center 9m<%+S5&
(A) Fort Wayne (hh^?
(B) Although Fort Wayne N,.awA{
(C) For wayne is in ,!X:wY}dW
(D) Fort Wayne, in 5=Y(.}6
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。 "'XYW\bI
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二、谓语动词专一原则 J4s`U/F
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 7K+eI!m.s
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 D_G]W
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例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” er2;1TW3E
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with
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social issues. :a:m>S<~
(A) covers ,Ek6X)|@
(B) covers it #WGy
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(C) which covers /||8j.Tm
(D) which it covers ywB0
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分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句 /<dl"PWkJv
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例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused >5zD0!bA
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on |CK/-UG}
the paper. 3$BO=hI/-
(A) the impression is z6
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(B) if the impression is =/ \l=*
(C) impressions ~q}]/0-m
(D) the impression pK'D(t
分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。C为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词is的数不一致,故也排除。因此选择D,caused.... 修饰impression ;<%d^
三、平行结构 Ct:c%D(L
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。 BZjL\{IW
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: Zc*#LsQh.`
A and B, 'C;KNc
A , B, and C &
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例1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- L:jv%;DM
is known as accounting. 1 -R4A7+3
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary h(^[WSa
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's #jg3Ku;Y
transactions JqEo~]E]
(C) transactions of an enterprise are SK_N|X].
summarized [kPl7[OL
(D) summarizing the transactions of an %*Yb
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enterprise 0f;|0siTAm
分析:空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。 ESe$6)P
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 j"&Oa&SH
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例2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed 5)gC<
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and T3-/+4$0v
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on 3:b5#c?R-
human patients. .;&4'ga
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(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in !ed0
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures xJFxrG'c
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures ]YB,K)WQ
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull ^5-SL?E
fractures
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分析:空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 MnptC 1N
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四、宾语从句结构 )U{IQE;T#
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 m .^WSy
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: 85+w\KuEY
state(陈述,表明)+that |1/?>=dDm
indicate(指明,表明)+that SFRYX,0m
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例1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, &GI'-i
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite NHzVA*f
units called quanta or photons. Qs_]U
(A) energy that <ceJ!"L
(B) that it is energy G\*`%B_ n
(C) it is energy {CGk9
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(D) that energy 9NqZ&S
分析:空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句,故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此D正确。 GUsJF;;V
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例2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth <rNz&;m}
indicate--yield when unusual weight is kfy|3KA3m
placed on them. *BQy$dfE
(A) although its crust and mantle Qf|c^B
(B) its crust and mantle to \0^Je>-:U
(C) that its crust and mantle ^L's45&_
(D) for its crust and mantle to nkz^^q`5l7
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B)使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 ^+9i~PjL
五、介词+ which结构 WD#7Q&T(;
许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 {7 nz:f
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, 0u ,nSvch
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 J|dj`Z?
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, ]Hrw$\Ky
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 ,a}
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例1:In the United States, a primary election is +rOd0?
a method ---- voters select the nominees 76EMS?e
for public office. }<G#bh6;Q
(A) that l%MIna/Tp
(B)by which Z`kI6
(C)is that Lz}mz-N
(D)by those 7bx!A+, t
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除C和D。 A$o ?_
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰method是不通的。 O `a4
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B是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….);正确 c=~FXV!
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例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players kV+O|9
hit wooden balls through wire arches called 2< Q3-|/i
wickers. x8E!Ko](
(A) when yX|0R
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(B) which KJN{p~Q
(C) is when RJT=K{2x
(D) in which 63y&M