1955: Opening day1 UM}u(;oo%)
An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the 6 SSDc/
Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the _T=g?0
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park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, 4w4B\Na>
l
1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was VJh8`PVX
held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests 1J@Iekat
and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, <Au2e
were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's D:)Wr, 26
friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald JTlk[c
Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it >ZA=9v
was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event ab0Sx
did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation- enoj4g7em^
only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads a QH6akH
nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 M>Q]{/V7T
°C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking >4 OXG7.&f
fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains ~MpikBf
or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated k3\N.@\
negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged 98m|&7
guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell ZedFhm
soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft xU
*:a[g
that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas 8fR(y~_gF
leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland k[=qx{Osx%
to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over ~%{2Z_t$
the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur XtF
m5\U
Carrousel b7Y g~Lw
The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited |<%!9Z
members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the {]vD@ )k
true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel jDzQw>TX
for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as ]@q%dsz
【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin #-hO\
QdC
badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For x2"iZzQlD
example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago H=dIZ
today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years, Disney did 18g_v"6o
officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the ^xo<$
zn
park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as >J"IN I
"Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday V35Vi
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July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the I[z:;4W}L^
first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson =8^+M1I
with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre- LiJYyp
purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with Ts iJK
two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and _ _O f0<
Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a TS<d?:
deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. XxqGsGx4
guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received +X?ErQm
【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded Gvb2>ZN
one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single x`CjFaE~F
Disney-owned park in the world. Hq@+m!
W5 y. j: t6 G2 j7 \0 A+ Q! c2 h :uL<UD,vu3
A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, _k84#E0
most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of r924!zdbR
wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course U,<m%C"
for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for 'K[ml ?_
$400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a V^~RDOSy7n
prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of FaHOutP
Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to /Vlc8G
his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was *D5 xbkH=.
dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider ;Iu _*U9)
across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the K.tNV{OL
Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, dwj?;
with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was <T 2O^
simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, j#HXuV6
and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th .#EU@Hc
century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th q'D Ts9Bj
century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is L*z=!Dpo
toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the ^F^g(|(K
Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to 5K vp%
public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be @@d_F<Ym[
taught.Evolving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the qHt/,w='Q
Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 mV0,T*}e
students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and 2>z YJqG|
graduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of !Tzo&G
Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video Mj0,Y#=76
learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available tE*BZXBlm
online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. bWSN]]e1#
About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.! k ]n^iG7aB?
! t+ V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s @ @[xTyA
longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward- BabaKSm}LP
thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, Y6{^cZ!=
who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth — 8/e-?2l
the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established 7x)Pt@c
the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a 3,PR6a,b'
trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in hSehJjEoM
Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to students |q`NJ
regardless of gender, race, or age. The first Lowell lecture, on <k
B:`&X<\
geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor ZTmy} @l
for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets @
9/I^Zk
being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate ki1(b]rf
“courses” — which were lecture series on a single topic — '9\cIni0
sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free \Vc[/Qp7Bb
lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute.
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Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn 0 C4eer+D
a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying R"ON5,E
teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University _CD~5EA:
Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell
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surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated government scholar G
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A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by 9xA4;)36
1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal 0/HFLz'
education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision Wf
c/?{
of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education 0CzQel)L:
gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His *\ii+f-
first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later Snr(<u
became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of |5u~L#P
“concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University rLTBBvV
Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new BX_yC=S
history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry ?%3dgQB'
out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.” YsmRY=3
John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in bPVk5G*ruP
the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all il^;2`]&
around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find JrcbJt
work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law {
^o.f
school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in X
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Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury
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litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of oAO{4xP
Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto (d4btcg
County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12- [8T{=+k
year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would cWW?@_
have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He
;JxL>K(
proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, puPI^6y%
called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next ^J]&($-
novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 :
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weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his Vh~h
fj"
wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian Vn5T Jw
home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near 0?54 8yH
Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time <vcU5
.K.
to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. *2
Pr1U
As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and ||hQ*X<m>
now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six i q`}c
|c
ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League }AS?q?4?
teams. ` <1Wf
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel? .D@J\<,+l
A. A case of murder. }{R*pmv$bN
B. A case of rape sD3ZZcy|=
C. His father’s experience Z3]I^i
FI
D. His life on the farm /\%<VBx ?q
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ? '3S~QN
.It was popular at the time of publication -rO34l
It earned Grisham great fame. %:aXEjm@
C. It brought Grisham wealth ?%5VaxWJ
D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.3 y3 i6 L' Z& x. b`X
''6
S! H) W [v~,|N>w
50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built ,4'gj0
ballfields on his property ________. 9rEBq&
答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the T#B#q1/
children }xsO^K
My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality 6\8d6x>
transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they HAn{^8"@
change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become poBeEpbs
grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the h]<S0/
other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents F'XQoZ* 1
’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s jz8u'y[n7
clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having 8R*;8y_
to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me Um+_S@h
to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and L"ho|v9:
dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays :{a
< ~n`
When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full >W> rhxU
form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the uZ?P{E,K
grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take ]nsjYsT
two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite dgP eH8_
often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren ?TA7i b_
never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma 5t:Zp\$+`
carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into 8xB-cE
following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of dWn6-es
candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear TOHz3=
while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the k>ErDv8
sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and `Moo WG
Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to [~N;d9H+*1
bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly q=t!COS
active kids. CA#g(SiZ
Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to ;7\Fx8"s[
forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily %*
0GEfl/
life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is PMP{|yEx"
“developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, 9p8ajlYg,
she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house o"JHB
while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold UIEvwQ
one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am \kQ)fk]^
“impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa P|Aac,nE+^
smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive 3uYLA4[-B
love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty [bnu
DS
jealousies. [R4#bl
6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author cB,^?djJ3
______ . z#+WK|a
A. feels jealous B. feels amazed XKGiw 2
C
C.thinks it unnecessary D. thinks it annoying
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7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets? \ZRII<k5)
A. They get highly energetic. B. They quiet down.' A'w+Lc.2
C. They want more sweets. D. They go to bed. L<V20d9
Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children? ^x&x|ckR!
A. They behave very well. u[qy1M0
B. They like chocolate very much. "22./vWV|i
C. They receive toys from their grandparents. `&NFl'l1C
The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an Kvg=7o
increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that
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many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. 7ZI{A*^vB
overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior I0Do
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and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins *{?2M6Z
and gorillas(大猩猩), says a report in New Scientist./ D! K9 _: K5 D HVvm3qu4
~% X oRd{?I&NY
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by )[hs#nKTh
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats,
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many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many L\ysy2E0
ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they c+{XP&g8_J
are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations” O#igH
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by ]}SV%*{%
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “ f@Mku0VT
many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on cY} jPDH
environmentally friendly policies and operations.” 5 n 4/}s
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 mV]~}7*Y;
percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. Z2{$FN
Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that NZ`6iK-V_
although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land QPVr:+\B{
use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. ~b8.]Z^
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their =SJ[)|
habitat by tourists and mongooses(蠓)have caught lung diseases from '
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human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better VII`qbxT
regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where NO*~C',cI/
visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model y3*IF2G
41. Ecotourism is meant to ______. JBQ>"X^
A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife" ed,+Slg
B.have wild species respond well to contact with human 1slt[&4N
C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior m$Tt y[0
D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife ivdPF dJ
42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. /x-tl)(s=
A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit L%9yFg%u
B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices 6w<p1qhW
C. actually lack proper examination and official approval 5}NO~Xd<
D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species 'iYaA-
9j
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present x2i`$iNhmP
"ecotourism" practice goes on? [-[|4|CnOm
It will disturb their life. /?j^Qu
It will affect their health. e ]>{?Z
C. It will increase their stress. "2"*3R<Y
D. It will threaten their survivalf @7PE&3
45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem BJ/#V)
is to ______. DA4!-\bt@
A. encourage people to manage endangered species nfvs"B;
B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings^ S67T:ARS
C. help wild animals increase their fitness zGFW?|o<
D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease tX*L_
答案 BDC BAA ACDB(仅供参考) PzTTL=G +