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A Blind Zone in Childr-Nutrition fab'\|Y
This article reveals a mistaken idea in child-raising which deserves correcting. Most NAbVH{*\U
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parents take it for granted that children should eat more animal foods such as chicken, meat mk-{@$Q Jb
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and fish than grain food because the former are far more expensive and the more expensive
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the food is the more nutritious it is. However, this is, in fact, a mistaken idea which has )!T~l(g
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lead to malnutrition among many city kids. This is indicated in a survey recently made in U{U"%XdO
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Shanghai. ys[Li.s:
What parents don’t know is that carbohydrate in grains, starch and sugar, the main and most R.~[$G!
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inexpensive nutrient for energy supply, is of equal importance in metabolism. The energy it )vp0X\3q`
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supplies is the main source of calories in human bodies,about 60% of the total amount of *@U{[J
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calories. If there is a lack of calories provided by carbohydrate, protein and fat will be `Q]N]mK
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used up to provide the heat and thus can’t play their original roles in the body. k+<945kC
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Consequently, it results in a retarded development in the children and even malnutrition. lj4Fg*/Yn
Apparently, the solution to the problem is to provide kids with a well-balanced food Q&9yrx.
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containing protein, carbohydrate and many other nutrients, none of which can be done .~z'm$s1o
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without. ys_2?uv
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Writing Drill 4(98 FATMD) U&?hG>
In the past several years, many Chinese college students have come to accept psychological RObnu*
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consultation(PC) they used to reject. In 1994, many students didn’t care to think about the TpjiKM
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consultation while in 1996, over 90% of 2132 students in a survey answered the related bIQ,=EA1
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questionnaires carefully. PC is now gradually accepted by college students in China. Bwg(f_[1
Surveys indicate that 70-80% college students have psychological problems and 20.3% have 7H
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such obstacles. There have been reports on many severe cases resulting from misunderstanding 6@]o,O
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and lack of PC. In view of this, many universities in Nanjing have set up psychological Jb,54uN
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healthcare service for students. Many students have corrected their misunderstanding about '1u?-
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PC and bravely asked the consultants for help, which has greatly helped them overcome their N2:Hdu:
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mental obstacles. Even some military cadets have begun to consult experts for advice. IIk_!VzT
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Experts point out that prompt consultation can prevent mental problems from developing into A}fm).Wp@
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obstacles, mental illnesses and even suicide. Z% +$<
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University psychological consultation, young as it is, has made remarkable progress and {7y;s
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grown into a unique course in universities. Though it contributed to students’ healthy ?NE/}?a
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growth, it still has a long way to go to be fully understood and appreciated by both @$slGY
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students and faculties.
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Writing Drill 5 老年健康饮食为先 |s3;`Nxu7
Aging usually brings about recession in many bodily functions such indigestion, coC
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hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and other metabolic dysfunctions. However, scientists find [aSuEu?mC
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that these hypofunctions are actually caused by irrational diets or eating habits. This ^%!{qAp}Z
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article discusses this problem and the solution to it. ;R=n<=Axa
First, balanced diet with more vegetables than animal food is especially good for the old @ ]u@e4T
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people. Second, less staple food and less salt in food should be suggested for the aged Y"
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because overconsumption of these two can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Third, more bean DN:|
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food can replace proteins such as eggs and fat as sources of protein. Fourth, light food )>2L(~W
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should be taken in instead of fat and oily foods which usually contribute to cardiovascular %NQ
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diseases. Fifth, doctors always advise people eat more fruit to regulate their digestion, Bq$IBAot
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metabolism and cardiovascular balance. YM`T"`f
In a word, a balanced diet, more vegetable food instead of fat food are of the first ?OW!D?
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significance to the health of the aged and a long life. XQ~Xls%]
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Writing Drill 6 D\M"bf>q1
Recently, more attention has been paid to a behavioral prescription for various and physical 3IRur,|'
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diseases. It includes laughter, sports, dancing and even crying. These methods have ;8oe-xS\+
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different functions. aX1b(h2
Laughter activates over 80 muscles. In laughing, smooth muscles in organs contract and help Mf14> `<`
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improve digestion. Crying can give vent to harmful chemicals in the body accumulated by %16Lo<DPm
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stress. Sports and dancing can relieve chronic illness such as bronchitis, back pain, {C&Uq#V
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diabetes, etc. that medication alone can’t do. hZfj$|<
Many diseases of today are caused by bad mental conditions, work and stress, family G@/iK/>5|`
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problems, etc. Medication doesn’t usually effect in these cases because it doesn’t treat W8 Ssv
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the cause of the ailments. Behavioral prescription, with its physical and mental massage ^O*-|ecA
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like sports and dancing, can help patients stay off the cause of their diseases. Therefore, FA*$ dwp
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it is advocated by many doctors and health experts. [TOo 9W
It is expected that behavioral prescription will applied more widely as an effective therapy iOg4(SPci
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in the near future.f E;CM"Y*
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Writing Drill 7 Smoking and Health ]TT >3"Dw7
It is not until recently that smoking has been firmly proved to be hazardous to health. It =xm7i#1
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irritates the throat and respiratory passages. It sometimes leads to poor appetite, nausea, ldUZ\z(*
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short breath, and irregular heartbeat. More importantly, smoking is associated with chronic =KHb0d |.
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and fatal diseases of respiratory tract. Evidence shows that smokers are more likely than pFS@yHs
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nonsmokers to develop cancer of the lungs, throat, tongue, and jaw, emphysema and bronchitis ;Va(l$zD
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as well. As a result, many nations have made enormous efforts to warn people of the dangers q
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of smoking. 7JBs7LG
While smoking, particles of tobacco tar and smoke slow down the work of cilia. The tar t$n Jmfzm
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collected in the lungs can cause cancer. Moreover, nicotine in tobacco can be simulating by Hi={(Z5tC4
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affecting various centers on the medulla oblongata region of the brain. It can affect other 8c.>6
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physiological process that in turn affect the respiratory center in the brain. It can also bK%F_v3'
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influence other centers that slow down the action of the heart, constrict the arteries, and ~ |Vqv{
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cause vomiting. 2*V%S/cck
In brief, smoking does nothing but harm to people’s health. Therefore, smokers of any age ?\,;KNQr
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or kind should try to give it up. `3\U9ZH23
这篇短文的主旨是说明吸烟对健康危害及造成危害的原因,通读全文,根据其要点可以分为四个部分:1 @`KbzN_h/
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)吸烟有害;2)吸烟有哪些具体的害处;3)为什么吸烟会有害,亦即其致害机理是什么;4)总结:吸 fQib?g/G
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烟有害要戒烟。 ra*|HcLD
总之,摘要写作时切忌“见木不见林”,要体现出层次感,结构要明快,这样可以向阅卷老师表明你的逻 _m?i$5
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辑。 I*TTD]e'X
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Writing Drill 9 Handwashing and Health t`Bk2Cc)+
Hospital infection is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality. The risk of transmitting wqDf\k}'v
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pathogens by the hands of health care workers (HCWs) is increasingly big today. A simple and Ewz cB\m
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effective way of prevention is handwashing. h!dij
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But it is found that HCWs don’t always wash their hands before and after patient contacts. ~s&r.6DW
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Semmelweis, a Viennese doctor in 1847, believed that high puerperal fever rate in some wards MRz f#o<H
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was caused by the hands of some medical students. He ordered that all students wash their &w^9#
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hands with chlorinated lime before and between all patient contacts. As a result, the rate r
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fell sharply. His methods were used by some other hospitals but his beliefs were ignored 8OOAPp$%|
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largely at that time. VM5'd
In the 1980s, a government health organization recommended that handwashing be imposed. But U:~]>B $
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it has not been well compiled, even in ICUs, despite some efforts to improve compliance. The /D9#v1b
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traditional handwashing practice has not been changed yet. \qW^AD(it<
HCWs have their own excuse for the resistance, such as no time, skin irritation, etc. Some X6!KFc
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say they have done it but surveys prove otherwise. With more multidrug-resistant pathogens w?fq%-6f*
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on the increase. HCWs have to know that handwashing means health. HCWs: wash your hands bjwl21;{
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before or between patient contacts. hG<W*g
本篇短文主要讲了通过洗手防止和减少医院获得性感染的问题, 这篇短文总的说来结构比较清晰,总结 J8@bPS27q
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归纳起来相对容易,摘要写作当中,首先要将摘要分成三个部分,先象一般的论文一样写个引言,介绍主 W+V &