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A Blind Zone in Childr-Nutrition i?dKmRp(@y
This article reveals a mistaken idea in child-raising which deserves correcting. Most jsd]7C
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parents take it for granted that children should eat more animal foods such as chicken, meat otD?J= B
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and fish than grain food because the former are far more expensive and the more expensive f\U&M,L\'
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the food is the more nutritious it is. However, this is, in fact, a mistaken idea which has eSNSnh]'
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lead to malnutrition among many city kids. This is indicated in a survey recently made in 3,L3C9V'
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Shanghai. 0(/D|
What parents don’t know is that carbohydrate in grains, starch and sugar, the main and most yL
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inexpensive nutrient for energy supply, is of equal importance in metabolism. The energy it Pph8"`mv.m
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supplies is the main source of calories in human bodies,about 60% of the total amount of n,a5LR
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calories. If there is a lack of calories provided by carbohydrate, protein and fat will be a<wQzgxG
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used up to provide the heat and thus can’t play their original roles in the body. :@%-f:iDj
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Consequently, it results in a retarded development in the children and even malnutrition. X0Z-1bs
Apparently, the solution to the problem is to provide kids with a well-balanced food =ch
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containing protein, carbohydrate and many other nutrients, none of which can be done yC 7Vb
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Writing Drill 4(98 FATMD) EhIV(q9x
In the past several years, many Chinese college students have come to accept psychological Yl&tkSw46
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consultation(PC) they used to reject. In 1994, many students didn’t care to think about the N`<4:v[P
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consultation while in 1996, over 90% of 2132 students in a survey answered the related \YlF>{LVe
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questionnaires carefully. PC is now gradually accepted by college students in China. ?
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Surveys indicate that 70-80% college students have psychological problems and 20.3% have UGmuX:@y76
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such obstacles. There have been reports on many severe cases resulting from misunderstanding O| 1f^_S/
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and lack of PC. In view of this, many universities in Nanjing have set up psychological P('t6MVlT
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healthcare service for students. Many students have corrected their misunderstanding about aI={,\
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PC and bravely asked the consultants for help, which has greatly helped them overcome their 9P7xoXJ
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mental obstacles. Even some military cadets have begun to consult experts for advice. i!Dh&XT
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Experts point out that prompt consultation can prevent mental problems from developing into !f\?c7
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obstacles, mental illnesses and even suicide. ha|@ Xp
University psychological consultation, young as it is, has made remarkable progress and PG6[l
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grown into a unique course in universities. Though it contributed to students’ healthy +z:CZ(fb
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growth, it still has a long way to go to be fully understood and appreciated by both k-WHHoU>o
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Writing Drill 5 老年健康饮食为先 `E3:;|
Aging usually brings about recession in many bodily functions such indigestion, "_K}rI6(t
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hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and other metabolic dysfunctions. However, scientists find 45x,|h[F{5
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that these hypofunctions are actually caused by irrational diets or eating habits. This 8To7c
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article discusses this problem and the solution to it. |x &Z~y
First, balanced diet with more vegetables than animal food is especially good for the old [AXsnpa/C
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people. Second, less staple food and less salt in food should be suggested for the aged Ln
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because overconsumption of these two can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Third, more bean 0jBKCu
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food can replace proteins such as eggs and fat as sources of protein. Fourth, light food c}\
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should be taken in instead of fat and oily foods which usually contribute to cardiovascular l<:`~\#
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diseases. Fifth, doctors always advise people eat more fruit to regulate their digestion, ^~^mR#<P$
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metabolism and cardiovascular balance. uu}'i\Q
In a word, a balanced diet, more vegetable food instead of fat food are of the first vx'l>@]k
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significance to the health of the aged and a long life. s~L`53A
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Writing Drill 6 Ujf,6=M
Recently, more attention has been paid to a behavioral prescription for various and physical iBucT"d]
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diseases. It includes laughter, sports, dancing and even crying. These methods have vyE{WkZxR
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different functions. #+$ zE#je
Laughter activates over 80 muscles. In laughing, smooth muscles in organs contract and help v{r1E]rY
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improve digestion. Crying can give vent to harmful chemicals in the body accumulated by J<rlz5':
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stress. Sports and dancing can relieve chronic illness such as bronchitis, back pain, @a0Q0M
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diabetes, etc. that medication alone can’t do. =LOk13l\"
Many diseases of today are caused by bad mental conditions, work and stress, family
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problems, etc. Medication doesn’t usually effect in these cases because it doesn’t treat /
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the cause of the ailments. Behavioral prescription, with its physical and mental massage SnW7 x
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like sports and dancing, can help patients stay off the cause of their diseases. Therefore, Pubv$u
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it is advocated by many doctors and health experts. `kFiH*5 %z
It is expected that behavioral prescription will applied more widely as an effective therapy "Kq>#I'%W
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in the near future.f g8RPHjvZ
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Writing Drill 7 Smoking and Health ywOmQc
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It is not until recently that smoking has been firmly proved to be hazardous to health. It _lX8K:C(
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irritates the throat and respiratory passages. It sometimes leads to poor appetite, nausea, b!^@PIX
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short breath, and irregular heartbeat. More importantly, smoking is associated with chronic 8eN7VT eb
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and fatal diseases of respiratory tract. Evidence shows that smokers are more likely than g5Hr7Km
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nonsmokers to develop cancer of the lungs, throat, tongue, and jaw, emphysema and bronchitis n1,S_Hs
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as well. As a result, many nations have made enormous efforts to warn people of the dangers h&`y$Jj
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of smoking. @PX\{6&
While smoking, particles of tobacco tar and smoke slow down the work of cilia. The tar &I/qG`W
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collected in the lungs can cause cancer. Moreover, nicotine in tobacco can be simulating by "}zt`3
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affecting various centers on the medulla oblongata region of the brain. It can affect other ?:uNN
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physiological process that in turn affect the respiratory center in the brain. It can also `*_CElpP"
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influence other centers that slow down the action of the heart, constrict the arteries, and ~*-qX$gr
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cause vomiting. R\O.e
In brief, smoking does nothing but harm to people’s health. Therefore, smokers of any age tJ'iX>9I
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or kind should try to give it up. Y3rt5\!
这篇短文的主旨是说明吸烟对健康危害及造成危害的原因,通读全文,根据其要点可以分为四个部分:1 B(,:h aAr
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)吸烟有害;2)吸烟有哪些具体的害处;3)为什么吸烟会有害,亦即其致害机理是什么;4)总结:吸 ^B]@Lr E^
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烟有害要戒烟。 +>tUz D
总之,摘要写作时切忌“见木不见林”,要体现出层次感,结构要明快,这样可以向阅卷老师表明你的逻 ?fK1
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辑。 ?obm7<
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Writing Drill 9 Handwashing and Health m3 -9b"
Hospital infection is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality. The risk of transmitting r*XLV{+4
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pathogens by the hands of health care workers (HCWs) is increasingly big today. A simple and ;Gd~YGW^#
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effective way of prevention is handwashing. :Li/=>R^
But it is found that HCWs don’t always wash their hands before and after patient contacts. r:g9 Z_
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Semmelweis, a Viennese doctor in 1847, believed that high puerperal fever rate in some wards $[ z y
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was caused by the hands of some medical students. He ordered that all students wash their =.Tv)/ea
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hands with chlorinated lime before and between all patient contacts. As a result, the rate c0rk<V%5+
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fell sharply. His methods were used by some other hospitals but his beliefs were ignored h{'t5&yY
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largely at that time. r'4:)~]s
In the 1980s, a government health organization recommended that handwashing be imposed. But 9pD
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it has not been well compiled, even in ICUs, despite some efforts to improve compliance. The ^@6q
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traditional handwashing practice has not been changed yet. *?%
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HCWs have their own excuse for the resistance, such as no time, skin irritation, etc. Some e2)autBe
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say they have done it but surveys prove otherwise. With more multidrug-resistant pathogens ajH"Jy3A
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on the increase. HCWs have to know that handwashing means health. HCWs: wash your hands [\e@_vY@OH
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before or between patient contacts. L
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本篇短文主要讲了通过洗手防止和减少医院获得性感染的问题, 这篇短文总的说来结构比较清晰,总结 Ud(`V:d
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归纳起来相对容易,摘要写作当中,首先要将摘要分成三个部分,先象一般的论文一样写个引言,介绍主 zJN7<sv
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题,其次写Semmelweis首先发现了医务工作者不洗手而接触病人会造成感染,而洗手可以减少这种感染及 ,xi({{L*
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引起的死亡率,尽管他的方法没有得到当时医学界的认可,最后是结论部分,写20世纪80年代,政府健康 ~$
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机构也要求强制洗手,但执行情况并不尽如人意。 Xyx"A(v^l
总之,摘要写作时切忌“见木不见林”,要体现出层次感,结构要明快,细节引用尽量地少,这样才可以 ,FSrn~-j9
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向阅卷老师表明你的逻辑性强,抓住了要点。 Y3U9:VB
Writing Drill 10 Dangerous Factors in Maturing mTDVlw0dh
On their way to adulthood, adolescens are faced with many dangerous factors. These may Fke//- R
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include sexual encounters with HIV carriers, violence, mental and sexual abuse, drug abuse, @
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smoking, as well as the negligence from the adults. E,[xUz"
What can doctors do to make the teenagers’ world a safer place? Perhaps we should first Lxl_"kG
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call for attention from the medical profession to the long ignored needs of teenagers. Some Q[4:
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critics suggest that adolescent medicine become a medical subspecialty for more and proper ^"8wUsP
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attention to teenagers’ needs. Of course, there are some difficulties such as policymakers #s5N
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’ focus on more general practitioners whereas adolescents are poorly served by the medical va)%et0!
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community. ~.g3ukt
Adolescents deserve primary care that is attentive to their special needs. The best way is $4=f+ "z
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to encourage policymakers to be interested in adolescent medicine. One of the ways for this 4Ft1@
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is to require most medical students and trainees to master the skills needed to treat ~%k ?L4%
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teenagers. /+K?
Writing Drill 14 Psychological Care of Medical Patients '-$XX%TOAc
There are more and more physically ill people accompanied by psychiatric morbidity, which %q3$|>
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can be physically and mentally harmful if not treated promptly and properly. r),PtI0X
However, there is a lack of psychiatric care of these patients, which has to be addressed in >p\e0n
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no time. There are some cost-effective treatments for psychiatric disorder in physically ill *Nb#W!
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people. But few hospitals arrange formal services for these patients, which may not be 9=l.T/?sf
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efficient in the future. Some health service reforms have also affected the formerly >H][.@LyR
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cooperative relationship between psychiatrists and general hospital doctors. Pressure on )=pD%$iq
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beds in both psychiatry and general medicine makes the already difficult task of caring for . RVVWqW
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patients with coexisting mental and physical illness harder. Besides, increased consumerism 8TV;Rtl
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and heightened awareness of coexistence of mental and physical illness adds to demand for UKd'+R]
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relevant services. !v|IS
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In view of this situation, some British psychiatrists and physicians suggested that doctors iOw3MfO
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and nurses learn to identify mental problems in their patients and offer psychological care ,Dmc2D
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and refer for psychiatric help. In their report, they also provided some relevant knowledge ,*id'=S
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and approaches to treatment and psychiatric services. 's?Ai2=#
本文的内容根据标题便可不言自明了;患有身体疾病的同时伴有心理疾病的人越来越多,但这些人的心理 S:Q! "U
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护理亟需要得到科学的治疗和护理。摘要中要突出这种内科病人的心理护理缺医少药的问题,如缺乏正规 _mE^rT
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的治疗和医护人员,费用昂贵等,结论断要包含专家就此问题提出的建议和看法。 8ip7^
摘要可以分成三个部分,一是引言段,引出问题;二是正文段,概述问题并加以讨论;三是结论段,用专 nt1CTWKM8^
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家的建议作为结尾。 K<sC F[
总之,摘要写作时切忌“见木不见林”,要体现出层次感,结构要明快,不要拘泥于细节,这样可以向阅 hn)a@
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卷老师表明你的逻辑性强,抓住了要点。 E|EgB33S
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