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楼主发表于: 2013-03-23

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重庆医科大学2013年考博英语真题

TEXT A [2000 TEM8]

Despite Denmark's manifest virtues, Danes never talk abouthow proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danestalk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on itstininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the generalsmall-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. NoDane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” You'resupposed to figure this out for yourself.

It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half thenational budget goes toward smoothing out life's inequalities, and there isplenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programmes, jobseminars—Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about wastemanagement is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded byEnglish, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the Englishthat Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it—olddialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. Itis the land where, as the saying goes, “ Few have too much and fewer have toolittle,” and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails,where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame havedisappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It's a nation of recyclers—about55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants.It's a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well ingeneral.

Such a nation of overachievers—a brochure from the Ministryof Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the world's cleanest and mostorganized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark isthe most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere.” So, of course,one's heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti onbuildings (“Foreigners Out of Denmark!”), broken beer bottles in the gutters,drunken teenagers slumped in the park.

Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through aDanish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is afield of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not anation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light tochange, even if it's 2 a.m. and there's not a car in sight. However, Danes don'tthink of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people—that'show they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people,improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though oneshould not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes.Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limitedmanufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, anddistributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, andthese bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplinedpeople will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, andRussia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern andwell-maintained.

The orderliness of the society doesn't mean that Danishlives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell youso. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholismand about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves.An orderly society can not exempt its members from the hazards of life.

But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danesgrow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and youshouldn't feel bad for taking what you're entitled to, you're as good as anyoneelse. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits youget if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and theorderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather highunemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.

16. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ________ attitudetowards their country.

A. boastful B.modest C. deprecating D. mysterious

17. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristiccited in the passage?

A. Fondness of foreign culture. B. Equality in society.

C. Linguistic tolerance. D. Persistent planning.

18. The author's reaction to the statement by the Ministryof Business and Industry is ________.

A. disapproving B. approving C. noncommittal D. doubtful

19. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ________.

A. sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes

B. spares Danes social troubles besetting other peoples

C. is considered economically essential to the country

D. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles

20. At the end of the passage the author states all thefollowing EXCEPT that ________.

A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits

B. Danes take for granted what is given to them

C. the open system helps to tide the country over

D. orderliness has alleviated unemployment

文章大意：丹麦良好的秩序和整洁的环境。

16．【答案B】推断题。文中首句，DespiteDenmark's manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to beDanes，这里的意思是，尽管丹麦有很多优点，但是丹麦人从不夸耀自己的国家，所以应该选择B，即“保持谦虚的态度”。

17．【答案A】细节题。注意选择不符的那项，可用排除法。文中第2段第1句，...half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life's inequalities，也就是说一半的国家预算都用于消除社会的不平等，对应B选项；第2句又提到，...despiteall the English that Danish absorbs... old dialects persist in Jutland that canbarely be understood by Copenhageners，这是描述丹麦语言的多样性，对应C选项；而这一段的倒数第3句提出，It's a nation of tirelessplanners，对应D选项。排除这3项，应该选择文中没有提及的A选项。

18．【答案D】推断题。文中第3段首句提到，丹麦工商部长称丹麦是世界上最干净、最有秩序的国家，没有污染、犯罪、贫穷等。而紧接着作者描写了“外国人滚出丹麦”的标语，下水道里的碎酒瓶，以及醉倒在公园里的青少年。这说明作者对工商部长的说法表示怀疑，所以应该选择D。

19．【答案C】细节题。文中第4段中间部分提到，Orderlinessis a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limitedmanufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, anddistributor of goods，这里表明了丹麦的秩序可以促进该国经济的增长，尤其是在代理、银行、配销等领域。所以应该选择C，即“在经济上十分重要”。

20．【答案D】细节题。注意选择不符的那项，可用排除法。末段第3句，Therules of the welfare system are clear to everyone，对应A选项；而前一句，Certain things areyours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn't feel bad for taking whatyou're entitled to，这里的意思是“你是（丹麦）公民，那么某些东西就属于你，而你拿了本属于自己的东西无需感觉不安”，对应B选项；最后一句，andthe orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather highunemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis，这里的意思是“体系的秩序性使丹麦能够经受高失业和社会动荡的考验，而不引发危机感”，对应C选项，即“帮助国家度过难关”。排除这3项，所以应该选择文中没有提及的D。

TEXT B [2002 TEM8]

Cooperative competition. Competitivecooperation. Confused? Airline alliances have travellers scratching their headsover what's going on in the skies. Some folks view alliances as a blessing totravellers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyerbenefits. Others see a conspiracy of big businesses, causing decreasedcompetition, increased fares and fewer choices. Whatever your opinion, there'sno escaping airline alliances: the marketing hype is unrelenting, with each ofthe two mega-groupings, Oneworld and Star Alliance, promoting itself as thebest choice for all travellers. And, even if you turn away from their ads,chances are they will figure in any of your travel plans. By the end of theyear, Oneworld and Star Alliance will between them control more than 40% of thetraffic in the sky. Some pundits predict that figure will be more like 75% in10 years.

Butwhy, after years of often ferocious competition, have airlines decided to bandtogether? Let's just say the timing is mutually convenient. North Americanairlines, having exhausted all means of earning customer loyalty at home, havebeen looking for ways to reach out to foreign flyers. Asian carriers are stillhurting from the region-wide economic downturn that began two years ago—justwhen some of the airlines were taking delivery of new aircraft. Alliances alsoallow carriers to cut costs and increase profits by pooling manpower resourceson the ground （ratherthan each airline maintaining its own ground crew）and code-sharing—thepractice of two partners selling tickets and operating only one aircraft.

Soalliances are terrific for airlines—but are they good for the passenger?Absolutely, say the airlines: think of the lounges, the joint FFP（frequentflyer programme）benefits,the round-the-world fares, and the global service networks. Then there's the promiseof “seamless” travel: the ability to, say, travel from Singapore to Rome to NewYork to Rio de Janeiro, all on one ticket, without having to wait hours forconnections or worry about your bags. Sounds utopian? Peter Buecking, CathayPacific's director of sales and marketing, thinks that seamless travel is stillevolving. “It's fair to say that these links are only in their infancy. The keyto seamlessness rests in infrastructure and information sharing. We're workingon this.” Henry Ma, spokesperson for Star Alliance in Hong Kong, lists some ofthe other benefits for consumers: “Global travellers have an easier time makingconnections and planning their itineraries.” Ma claims alliances also assurepassengers consistent service standards.

Criticsof alliances say the much-touted benefits to the consumer are mostly pie in thesky that alliances are all about reducing costs for the airlines, rationalizingservices and running joint marketing programmes. Jeff Blyskal, associate editorof Consumer Reports magazine, says the promotional ballyhoo over alliances ismuch ado about nothing. “I don't see much of a gain for consumers: alliancesare just a marketing gimmick. And as far as seamless travel goes, I'll believeit when I see it. Most airlines can't even get their own connections undercontrol, let alone coordinate with another airline.”

Blyskalbelieves alliances will ultimately result in decreased flight choices andincreased costs for consumers. Instead of two airlines competing and eachoperating a flight on the same route at 70% capacity, the allied pair willshare the route and run one full flight. Since fewer seats will be available,passengers will be obliged to pay more for tickets.

Thetruth about alliances and their merits probably lies somewhere between thetravel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by theircritics. And how much they affect you depends on what kind of traveller youare.

Thosewho've already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline stand tobenefit the most when it joins an alliance: then they enjoy the FFP perks andadvantages on any and all of the member carriers. For example, if you're aMarco Polo Club “gold”member of Cathay Pacific's Asia Miles FFP, you will automatically be treated asa valuable customer by all members of Oneworld, of which Cathay Pacific is amember—even if you've never flown with them before.

Forthose who haven't made the top grade in any FFP, alliances might be a way ofsimplifying the earning of frequent flyer miles. For example, I belong toUnited Airline's Mileage Plus and generally fly less than 25, 000 miles a year.But I earn miles with every flight I take on Star Alliance member—All NipponAirways and Thai Airways.

Ifyou fly less than I do, you might be smarter to stay out of the FFP gamealtogether. Hunt for bargains when booking flights and you might be able tosave enough to take that extra trip anyway. The only real benefit infrequentflyers can draw from an alliance is an inexpensive round-the-world fare.

Thebottom line: for all the marketing hype, alliances aren't all things to allpeople—buteverybody can get some benefit out of them.

19. Which is the best word to describe air travellers'reaction to airline alliances?

A. Delight.B. Indifference.C. Objection.D. Puzzlement.

20. According to the passage, setting up airline allianceswill chiefly benefit ________.

A. North American airlines and their domestic travellers

B. North American airlines and their foreign counterparts

C. Asian airlines and their foreign travellers

D. Asian airlines and their domestic travellers

21. Which of the following is NOT a perceived advantage ofalliances?

A. Baggage allowance.B. Passenger comfort.

C. Convenience.D. Quality.

22. One disadvantage of alliances foreseen by the critics isthat air travel may be more expensive as a result of ________.

A. less convenienceB. higher operation costs

C. less competitionD. more joint marketing

23. According to the passage, which of the followingcategories of travellers will gain most from airline alliances?

A. Travellers who fly frequently economy class.

B. Travellers who fly frequently business class.

C. Travellers who fly occasionally during holidays.

D. Travellers who fly economy class once in a while.

TEXT B

文章大意：本文分析了航空公司之间合作的利弊。

19.【答案D】细节题。文章首段第2、3句提到confused和scratchingtheir heads over what's going on in the skies，表明乘客很困惑（挠着头），不知道航空公司之间到底发生了什么。所以应该选D，即“（感到）疑惑”。

20.【答案B】细节题。文中第2段，thetiming is mutually convenient，下面有具体说到北美航空公司和亚洲航空公司都想拓展海外市场，能够从联合中受益，所以应该选择B。而第4段首句也提到，对消费者来说，航空公司的联合很难带来实际的好处（mostlypie in the sky），而A、C、D三项都提到了乘客（即消费者），都应当排除，进一步确定B“北美航空公司和他们的海外同行”是正确答案。

21.【答案A】细节题。注意选择不符的那项，可用排除法。文中第3段提出，航空公司认为联合对乘客来说绝对有好处，其中包括thelounges, the joint FFP (frequent flyer program) benefits, the round-the-worldfares, and the global service networks... the promise of “seamless” travel...without having towait hours for connections or worry about your bags，这里提到了B “旅客的舒适”、C “便利”、D “（旅行）质量”，但是没有选项A，也就是行李重量（的增加），所以A为正确答案。

22.【答案C】细节题。第5段第2句：Insteadof two airlines competing and each operating a flight on the same route at 70%capacity, the allied pair will share the route and run one full flight，也就是说，联合使两家公司共享路线、达到满载，而不是互相竞争，各自载客率都只有70％。所以应该选择C“更少的竞争”。

23.【答案B】推断题。文章倒数第4段：Thosewho've already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline stand tobenefit the most when it joins an alliance，而能够达到FFP的高级程度（即较高的里程累积），应该是经常乘坐并且座位较好的人，所以应该选择B，即“经常乘坐商务舱的人”。

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沙发发表于: 2013-03-23

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(20 points)

The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smeller compared with animals,1 this is largely because,2 animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smell which stick to surfaces. In fact 5, we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.

Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type off lower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13to it often enough.

The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells-we simply do not need to be .We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.

人类鼻子的功能常常被低估了。人们常认为，与动物相比，人类的嗅觉是迟钝的，而这在很大程度上是因为人类是直立的，这一点与动物不同。这就意味着我们的鼻子仅限于去感知空气中飘过的气味，而大部分的气味是附着的各种物体表面的，就被我们错过了。然而，事实上我们的嗅觉是十分敏感的，尽管我们通常都没有意识到这一点。即使当这些气味被冲淡到不及原来的百万分之一，我们的鼻子也能够分辨出不同的人类气味。

奇怪的是，有些人发现他们可以闻出一种花香，却闻不出另一种，而有些人却对两种花香都很敏感。这可能是因为有些人缺少某种基因，这种基因正好用于产生鼻子里对某种味道的感受器。这些感受器是由一些能感知气味并把信息传递给大脑的细胞构成。然而，研究发现即使人们最开始对某种气味不敏感，但当人们经常闻到这种气味后就能突然对它很敏感。

对气味的不敏感似乎可以这样解释，大脑发现让所有的气味感受器一直工作效率会很低，但可以在需要的时候触发新的接受器。这也可以解释为什么我们通常对自身的各种气味不敏感--只不过我们不需要这样做。我们不会觉察到我们自己房子的熟悉气味，但当我们拜访别人家时，就会注意到我们不熟悉的气味。大脑会使气味感受器可用于随时接受不熟悉的和紧急的信号，例如烟的气味，因为它可能意味着有着火的危险。

1. [A] although [B] as [C] but [D] while

2. [A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides

3. [A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined

4. [A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking

5. [A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore

6. [A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if

7. [A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D]detecting

8. [A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused

9. [A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas

10. [A] unusual [B] particular [C] unique [D] typical

11. [A] signs [B] stimuli [C] messages [D] impulses

12. [A] at first [B] at all [C] at large [D] at times

13. [A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed

14. [A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D]insufficient

15. [A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create

16. [A] still [B] also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless

17. [A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired

18. [A] tolerate [B] repel[C] neglect [D] notice

19. [A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable

20. [A] similar to [B] such as[C] along with[D] aside from

[内容提要]

人类的鼻子一直被低估了。基因能在鼻子里生成针对某种气味的感受器，以及对一些气味不敏感的原因。

1.[正确答案]C

[考查重点]逻辑衔接

[解题过程]Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, thisis largely because, animals, we standupright. "人们常常认为，与动物相比，人类的嗅觉不够敏锐，......而这在很大程度上是因为人类直立行走，这一点与动物......。"although表示让步；.as表示时间或者原因；but表示转折关系；while 表示时间或者对比。四个选项中，but是表示转折的并列连词，but后面的内容是语句重心所在。While也可以表示对比、转折，但作为从属连词也有让步含义。从本题前后的语义关系来看，后半句语义应当是重心所在。因此，正确答案为C。

2.[正确答案]B

[考查重点]语义衔接

[解题过程]...thisis largely because, animals, we standupright. "而这在很大程度上是因为人类直立行走，这一点与动物......"人类直立行走，而动物却不同。因此，正确答案为B。

3.[正确答案]A

[考查重点]语义衔接/词汇辨析

[解题过程]This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which floatthrough the air. "这意味着我们的鼻子......闻到漂浮在空气中的气味。"选项A. belimited to 被限制在......；B. becommitted to 被交给......,答应承担......义务；C. bededicated to 奉献，献给；D.be confined to 限制在，局限于。根据句意可以排除B、C项。beconfined to有"把......局限/限制于"的含义，但是它一般用于具体范围的"局限、限制"，与句子的语境不符。因此，正确答案为A。

4.[正确答案]C

[考查重点]语义衔接

[解题过程]本题目选择介词或者现在分词，将前面的句子和后面的名词连接到一起，体现紧密的逻辑关系。句子叙述到Thismeans that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float throughthe air, the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. "这意味着我们的鼻子只能闻到漂浮在空气中的气味，......大多数在地表附近的气味。"不难发现，人类闻到的气味有限，没有闻到的地表的气味很多。选项A.catching 抓住；B.ignoring 忽略；C.missing 错过；D.tracking 跟踪，追溯。前面说我们的鼻子只能闻到浮在空气中的气味，对于大部分停留在表面的气味当然是"闻不到"。首先可以排除A、D项，ignore含有"有意不......"的意思，显然不符合语境。故正确答案为C。

5.[正确答案]B

[考查重点]逻辑衔接

[解题过程]In fact, we are extremely sensitive to smells, we do not generally realize it. 由于本句中的infact提示了转折关系，因此要选择转折的逻辑关系词。选项A.anyway 无论如何（表示让步）；B.though 虽然（表示让步或转折）；C.instead 相反；D.therefore 因此（表示结果）。四个选项中，只有though能与infact连用表示转折（不过，事实上......）。因此，正确答案为B。

6.[正确答案]A

[考查重点]逻辑衔接

[解题过程]In fact though, we are extremely sensitive to smells, we do not generally realize it. "事实上，我们对气味极其敏感，......我们一般没有意识到。"选项A.even if 即使（表让步）；B.if only 但愿（后常接虚拟语气，表示愿望）；C.only if 如果（用于表达条件关系，only表强调）；D.as if 似乎（用于表达比较关系）。四个选项中只有A项 evenif 用于表达让步关系"即使"。因此，正确答案为A。

7.[正确答案]D

[考查重点]语义衔接/词汇辨析

[解题过程]本题目选择动名词，在句子中充当谓语的动作内容。句子叙述到Ournoses are capable of... human smells"我们的鼻子能够......人的气味"。选择谓语动词，主语和宾语提供信息决定答案。选项A.distinguishing 区别；B.discovering 发现；C.determining 决定；D.detecting发现，发觉，感知。我们的鼻子只能是感知（引申为闻到）人的气味"。因此，正确答案为D。

8.[正确答案]A

[考查重点]语义衔接/词汇辨析

[解题过程]本题目选择动词过去分词形式，构成"be...to "的短语。Ournoses are capable of detecting human smells even when these are to far below one part in one million."我们的鼻子能够闻到人的气味，即使这些气味被......到百万分之一。"选项A.diluted 稀释的（可以用在液体或气体的稀释）；B.dissolved 溶解(通常指固体溶解为液体)；C.dispersed 散开；D.diffused 扩散，弥漫。气味应该是被稀释或冲淡到百万分之一。因此，正确答案为A。

9.[正确答案]D

[考查重点]逻辑衔接

[解题过程]Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but notanother, others are sensitive to the smellsof both flowers. "奇怪的是，有些人发现他们可以闻到一种花香，却闻不出另一种，......有些人却对两种花香都很敏感。"显然构成一种对比关系，只有whereas能用于引导表示转折关系的并列句。因此，正确答案为D。

10.[正确答案]B

[考查重点]词汇辨析

[解题过程]本题目选择形容词，修饰后面的名词。句子叙述到Thismay be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate smellreceptors in the nose. "这意味着有些人的鼻子里缺少某种基因，这种基因是激发人鼻子里的......气味感知器所必需的。"选项A.unusual 不寻常的；B.particular 特别的，特定的；C.unique 独一无二的；D.typical 典型的。这种"气味感知器"具有感知气味这种特定的功能。因此，正确答案为B。

11.[正确答案]C

[考查重点]语义衔接

[解题过程]本题目选择名词。句子叙述到Thesereceptors are the cells which sense smells and send to the brain. "这些感知器是一种细胞。这种细胞能够感知气味，并且向大脑传递......"选项A.signs 标记；B.stimuli　刺激；C.messages 信息，信号；D.impulses 冲动，推动。身体的各个器官向大脑传递的是信号。因此，正确答案为C。（补充：人体的每个器官附近都密布着神经末梢。在感受到外界刺激时，神经末梢紧张起来处理外界刺激转换成大脑能够辨认的信号，并将这些信号迅速传递给大脑。）

12.[正确答案]A

[考查重点]语义衔接

[解题过程]However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell cansuddenly become sensitive to it "然而，......对某种特定气味不敏感的人也能突然变得敏感起来。"在本句中，供选的状语修饰整个句子。选项A.at first 起初；B.at all 根本；C.at large 全面地，详细地，无拘无束地;D. at times 有时。由于谓语部分的频度状语"突然"体现了时间的交替关系，句子应该表达起初不敏感。因此，正确答案为A。

13.[正确答案]D

[考查重点]语义衔接

[解题过程]even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly becomesensitive to it when 13 to it often enough. "然而，起初对某种特定气味不敏感的人也会突然变得敏感起来，当他们经常......在这种气味中时。"选项A. besubjected to 遭受，屈服于；B.be left to 被留给......；C. bedrawn to 被拖到......；D. beexposed to 暴露在......（经常接触）。语境表达的是人处于某种气味所笼罩的环境中。因此，正确答案为D。

14.[正确答案]C

[考查重点]语义衔接/词汇辨析

[解题过程]The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it to keep all smell receptors working all thetime "认为鼻子不敏感的解释表明：大脑发现让所有的气味感知器一直处于工作状态是......的。"选项A.ineffective 无效的，不起作用的；B.incompetent 不能胜任的；C.inefficient 效率低的；D.insufficient 不足的，不够的。根据语境，首先可以排除B、D项。ineffective和inefficient一个强调效果，一个强调效率。大脑发现让所有的气味感知器一直处于工作状态会使气味感知器的效率降低。因此，正确答案为C。

15.[正确答案]D

[考查重点]语义衔接

[解题过程]The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds itinefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can newreceptors if necessary. "认为鼻子不敏感的解释表明：大脑发现让所有的气味感知器一直处于工作状态是效率低的。但是，需要时又可以......新的气味感知器。"选项A.introduce 介绍，引进；B.summon 呼唤，号召；C.trigger 扣动扳机，一触即发；D.create 创造，产生（从无到有）。triggerthe receptors"激活受体"是常见的搭配，但"激活"应该是对现已存在的食物而言。从空格后面的new来判断，只有create才符合逻辑。因此，正确答案为D。

16.[正确答案]B

[考查重点]逻辑衔接

[解题过程]This may explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells-we simplydo not need to be . "这......可以解释为什么我们通常对自己的气味不敏感--我们根本不需要（对自己的气味敏感）。"选项A.still 仍然；B.also 也；C.otherwise 否则；D.nevertheless 然而，虽然如此。"this"这个词就表明了逻辑关系应该是并列，翻译成"也"，表示和前面的句子是相同或者相近的含义。因此，正确答案为B。

17.[正确答案]C

[考查重点]语义衔接

[解题过程]本题目选择"be not...of "的结构，在句子中充当位于动词。句子叙述到Weare not of the usual smell of our own house "一般我们没有......我们自己房间里的气味。" 此句的意思是：我们意识不到自己家里的气味，但当我们去拜访他人时就会留意到新的气味。因此，选awareof。sure of "确信"，sick of"厌倦"，tired of"厌倦"都不合句意。

18.[正确答案]D

[考查重点]语义衔接

[解题过程]We are not aware of the usual smell of our own house but we new smells when wevisit someone else's. "我们意识不到自己家里的气味。但是，在拜访别人家时，我们......新的气味。"选项A.tolerate 忍受；B.repel 抵制；C.neglect 忽略；D.notice 注意到。句子中的"but"提供了信息，前后两个句子含义相反。前面提到"没有注意到自己房间的气味"，后面就应该是闻到新的气味。因此，正确答案为D。

19.[正确答案]A

[考查重点] 语义衔接

[解题过程]The brain finds it best to keep smell receptorsfor unfamiliar and emergencysignals "大脑会使气味感知器......随时接受不熟悉的和紧急的信号"。选项A.available 可达到的，可工作的；B.reliable 可靠的；C.identifiable 可辨认的；D.suitable 适合的。"大脑会使气味感知器工作来处理随时接受不熟悉和紧急信号"，故选available，符合句子含义。

20.[正确答案]B

[考查重点]语义衔接

[解题过程]The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar andemergency signals the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger offire. "大脑会使气味感知器用于随时接受不熟悉的和紧急的信号，......烟的气味，因为预示着着火的危险"。选项A.similar to 相似于；B.such as 例如；C.along with 和......一起；D.aside from 除......之外。烟的气味恰恰被包含在前面相邻的"不熟悉和紧急信号"之中，应该选择表示列举意义的短语。因此，正确答案为B。

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