主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子,例如"That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all",他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶,此复合句主要描述的是某事让我们惊讶,某事就是该复合句的主语,因此“That he finished writing the composition in such a short time”便是该复合句的主语从句。 4|&/#Cz^Y
引导主语从句的连词主要有: _Jg#T~
从属代词:that whether Bj4c_YBte
连接代词:who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever $!. [R}
连接副词:when where how why 'Up75eT
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主语从句例句图片 NLpKh1g
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中文名:主语从句 eCKm4l'BZ
外文名:Subject clause ~rO&Y{aG#
解释:合句中充当主语成分的句子 "Cxj_V@\
从属代词:that whether [dLc+h1{B
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dot主语从句 u,iiS4'Ze
定义 <H]PP6_g:
在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。 Q(N'Oj:J
第一部分 @=w)a
常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 &u|t{C#0
主语从句是名词性从句,所以它的时态受主句的影响。 vh"';L_*37
(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. 4d@0v n{
(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. <5KoK!H
(3)Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet. h{-en50tN
(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. z|AknEE,
(5)What caused the accident remains unknown. U[;ECw@
(6)Whatever you did is right. YdvXp/P:|
(7)Who the watch belongs to is unknown. !V #*(_+n
(8)What we need is time. 7Y~5gn
(9)What we need are good doctors. b *|?7
名词性从句的时态规则: W!8$:Ih_Z
1)、主句谓语动词是现在或将来时,从句谓语动词可以用任何需要的时态。 BSy4
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I wonder what he is doing now. NY?iuWa*g
Do you know when and where he was born? )N{PWSPs
I'll write to tell him where I 'll meet him. G2[2y-Rv
2)、主句谓语动词是过去时,从句谓语动词一般需用过去时。 HWoMzp5="3
(1)从句与主句的谓语动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时或过去进行时。 i)@vHh82
I thought that he studied hard. ;/m>c{
He told me his son was watching TV. Zq1> M'V;
(2)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之后,从句用过去将来时。 $?: -A
He said he would spend his holidays in Qingdao. 0=`aXb-
(3)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之前,从句用过去完成时。 ZKI` ;
They told me they had waited for me half an hour. !Y^$rF-+
(4)从句如果有表示过去某一具体时间的状语,仍用过去时。 _jkJw2+s\
She told me her brother died in 1945. B7{j$0fm*
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3)客观的条件,从句时态不受丝毫影响。 ~U?vB((j!
(1)从句说明的是不受时间限制的事实或真理(客观真理)。 Z+J~moW `
The teacher told us that the earth turns from west to east. a3Z()|t>
He said Asia is the largest continent. Vyx&MU.-J
It was true that water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit. z9#jXC#OdN
(2)当从句表示的是反复出现的时态不变。 R<h0RKiM@
She told me that she gets up at six o'clock every morning. WFeaX7\b
He asked me when the train usually starts. Pt;\]?LVrD
(3)当从句是用来表达解释科技内容时时态不变。 ~}~ yR*K%
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(4)当从句的谓语动作仍在继续时,或者表示现在仍在的状态时,时态不变。 K
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He said that the workers in that factory are trying to fulfill the task in time. t^9q>[/d`
She told me the other day that she is only 10. &P8Q|A-u
(5)当从句的动作状态还未发生,要用一般式表示。强调与现在的联系。 FUPJ&7+B
He said he will wait for me this evening. >yqL
小结: z#&qWO
(1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 t;ga>^NA"
(2)连词位于句首不能省略 zwHTt
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(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,如例(9) tX}Fb0y
注意:当what引导的名词性分句作主语时,主谓一致问题极为复杂。著名学者周海中教授在论文《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》中就这一问题做了深入研究,并给出了10种的主谓一致关系。这些一致关系值得英语学习者和使用者特别注意。 [c6_6q As
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第二部分 3?/}
为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末 5O%}.}n
(1)It is certain that he will win the match. IPE(
(2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. u09OnP\
(3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. Z#W`0G>'
(4)It is strange that he should do that. 9k"nx ,"
(5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting. 2W~2Hk=0+%
(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. o_$r*Z|HG
(7)It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. IweQB} d
(8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident. en~(XE1
(9)It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) Ip1QmP
(10)It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. %I=J8$B]f
(11)It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. -s!PO;qm
(12)It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there) Ul@'z|
小结: Hm^p^,}_x
(1)为避免头重脚轻,常以形式主语it引导从句。 It+形式主语谓语+从句。 S I(8.$1
(2)由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式,形式主语的谓语动词、be动词+表语 均为单数第三人称形式或过去式. ;~q)^.K3
dot用法 <(t<gS #
主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的,下面从它们的各自用法来介绍。 ]V]o%onW
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一.主语从句 4* hmeS"
主语从句 定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。 ffhD+-gTU
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 J/*[wj
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 ~gDtj&F
①主语从句常用it作形式主语,一般常用句型为:It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句例如: 6u7HO-aa
It is still a question whether she will come or not. .lnD]Q
It is strange that you should like him. [(K^x?\Y0'
It is still unknown which team will win the match. *Ee# x!O
另外,还有一些比较多见的结构: 87/{\h
It turned out that……; cS[`1y,\3
It has been proved that……; =w5w=qB
It happened/occurred that……; ^YZ#P0 y
It is well-known that……等等 +$'/!vN
②而强调句则不同,它的结构是:It+be+被强调部分+that+从句 _B[(/wY
强调主语:It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄 3IxT2@H)
强调宾语:It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us. -|kDa1knA
强调状语:It was in shanghai that I saw the film. ] ge-b\
判断是否是强调句有一个方法,就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看,看有没有缺成分,缺的是什么成分,再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分,带到你认为缺成分的地方,如果放进去是一句完整的句子了,那就说明是强调句。 KP(Bu0S
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 NlMx!f>b%/
(1) It is +名词+that从句 XDGZqkt
It is a fact that … 事实是…… '37b[~k4
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 P;/T`R=Vr"
It is common knowledge that …是常识 hg~fFj3ST
(2) it is +形容词+that从句 l9h;dI{6
It is natural that… 很自然…… \4[Ta,;t
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…… CAA~VEUL
(3) it +不及物动词+that从句 $9~1s/('
It seems that… 似乎…… GwULtRa/
It happened that… 碰巧…… |<0@RCgM
(4) it is+过去分词+that从句 ,d+mT^jN
It is reported that… 据报道…… 2 *$n?
It has been proved that… 已证实…… $%-?S]6)
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 11sW$@xs
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(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 C(t/:?(y
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: lUEyo.xVt
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. d8#j@='a*
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: %U7B0-
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. ~}*;Ko\
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: Izu.I_$4
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.. ?r<F\rBT7*
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:
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Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? Mj
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4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 sh2bhv]
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: Bl];^W^P
What you said yesterday is right. E6k&r}
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二:宾语从句用以区分主语从句的几个特征: ?xZmm%JF
1、引导词:what\which\whose\when\whether\if\where k;5}@3iQ
2语序:宾语从句必须是用陈述语句。(名词性从句都是陈述语序) 3~ZVAg[c
如:I think that you must work harder. ~x:]ch|
宾语从句的引导词、连接词的区别、否定转移等现象。 =
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补充:从句的语序永远是陈述句。 (q N(#~