虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。freekaobo将对2016考博英语语法虚拟语气做归纳和用法。 D*_Z"q_B
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一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 c'!+]'Lr
(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 ow<z @^ 3'
A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式(be动词用were)。 $wm.,Vb
B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 >2^|r8l5
C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 oR@emYL
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. &_1x-@oI2:
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” y 1I(^<qO=
---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” eaWK 2%v
I wish that he weren’t so lazy. 'pa8h L
(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 ^[=1J
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. j>I.d+
(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： yhsbso,5 a
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 o4qB0h
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 Qd"R@+i
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 8mn zxtk
(4)It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。 V9\y*6#Y,
It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. %;ZDw@_<
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。 lHc|: vG?
(5)as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构： 4 yDWVd;
Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. 8(@ Y@`/
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. j"4]iI+ {"
(6)由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如： Yw6d-5=:
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 8eDKN9kq
The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. 6xW1
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(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for： `]$H\gNI[8
If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded. R-]i BL
(8) 虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。 +*=?0 \
They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。 T,uVt^.R +
She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。 zz[[9Am!
(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等 ; yDXo\g
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If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry. <,+6:N
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二、特殊形式的虚拟语气 c]3^2Ag,
虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。 Y6OR
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A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有： *OR(8;
ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求 _Z3_I_lW
command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望 ?{KC@c*c
determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张 j Khj 7dR
move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令 eSA%:Is.
prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心 -) \!@n0
recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定 urge强调，促进 a^MR"i
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vote公认，提议 decree颁布(法令) pray请求 ~\~XD+jy"
注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 pNzpT!}H>
She advised that we should keep the gate locked.(书面体) HH aerc
She advised us to keep the gate locked.(口语)
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She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便) Nk/Ms:57y
B、用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有： Jm {~H%
advisable合理的 decided决定的 crucial关键的 appropriate恰当的 hP]zC1s
determined决定的 commanded命令的 arranged安排的 essential紧要的，基本的 -E>se8 %"
complied遵照 anxious焦急的 imperative迫切的 important重要的 <B =!ZC=n
desirable合意的 better较好的，更好 insistent坚持的 desired想要 ~zA{ =| I2
asked请求 keen渴望的 incredible难以置信的 adamant坚定不移的 ;WpPdR2
natural自然的 insisted坚持 necessary必要的 suggested建议 Co^a $K
urgent紧迫的 ordered命令 shocked震惊的 vital极其重要的 * S>,5R0k
possible可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable (好一点) proposed提议 K#],4OG
requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推荐 resolved决定的 KqT~MP l
probable(可能的) pity可惜，憾事 shame遗憾 Zjh9jvsW
注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以for…to do… fl18x;^I
来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 BlvNBB1^
It is essential that he should be prepared for this. h8uDs|O9n
It is essential for him to be prepared for this. DUK.-| a7
C.用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有： c&T14!lfn
advice忠告 decision决定 demand要求 desire要求、愿望 Q`X 5W
insistence坚持 motion提议 necessity必要性 order命令 |Zo_x} 0
preference偏爱 proposal提议 pray恳求 recommendation推荐 _*w}"\4_
request要求 requirement要求 resolution决心 suggestion劝告、忠告 5"JnJH
例如： f3]
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This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。 dLek4q
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The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。 K-}'Fiq
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