南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析 3^l@!Qw
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the Rh-e
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United States by applying new social research findings on the `}gjfu -'\
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration j )6A
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of -QL_a8NL
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate Ml1sE,BT
propositions. /
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The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England ^9zL[R
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World 1BK-uv:
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies H:
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held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather 1.YDIB||
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly E(Tvj\9
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of Geng duo p\66`\\l
yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi o5dPE{f
quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua: si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu mGZ^K,)&OR
qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi opportunity. :@zz5MB5@
Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to mt$0p|B8
flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New n>?o=_|uR
World community. For example, the economic and demographic character UU')V
of early New England towns varied considerably. t<5$
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Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns d 6 t#4!
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as rf_(pp)
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, $8gj}0}eH
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the #?8dInu>
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial lB9 9J"A
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who U:xY~>
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled {2Jo|z
laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers ?-w<H!Y7
demanded skilled artisans. K
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Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized K*^3FO}JG
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct JgQ,,p_V?
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. aMdWT4
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, |P!7T.
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is J{fTx@?(
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never G^E"#F
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, !Au'WJfE
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished ~JhH ,E
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New IiW*'0H:/
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions Aw#@}TGT
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North }ZaZPB/_}P
American culture. VZhtx)
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands
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of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he B?A]0S
fails to link their experience with the political development of the "u29| OY
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might 'Lm\ r+$F
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as yhTC?sf<
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American g~ubivl2
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time
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they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their i`k{}!F
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that k5M3g*
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who _=Y?' gHH
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. N{kp^Byim0
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial 6l Suzu
North America is supported by information in the text? y}5:CZ
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came -!Ov{GHr0
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring 2g0_[$[m
land. Cpg>5N~;L
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were J_-K"T|f
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. >]dH1@@
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at v?6g.
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acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during )#%v1rR
the seventeenth century. |[+/ ]Y
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in ^uCZO
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. d
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2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to TmEJ!)*
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political G*N}X3H:o
interdependence of the colonies and England. ,SV34+(
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic UI]UxEJ
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.
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[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of O yG#
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to n.l7V<1
acquire land. a[
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[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values H$M{thW
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. 1`q>*S](
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s OAiSE`
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? &@U)
[A] It is totally implausible. N+nv#]{
[B] It is partially acceptable. hVGK%HCz&
[C] It is highly admirable. Ljs4^vy<J
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. =6O<1<[y
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which w l#jSj%pd
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? Ha41Wn'tZ
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture 7=`_UqCV
of England. ir<K"wi(2
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have EC8 Fapy
generally been unrecognized by historians. D:=Q)Uh0I
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did
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not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. I&Z+FL&@f
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high S2PPwCU
culture of New England.
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5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which N / Fa^[
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? aS/ MlMf
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North []<N@a6VA>
American culture. s$ZKd
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies qBF}-N_
on Great Britain. J/>9w
[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an Xf%wW[~
Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. i~ITRi@
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group W%P$$x5&
of migrants to colonial North America. <d
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[答案与考点解析] 5c 6 9M5
1. 【答案】D Y*-dUJK-`
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干中的“migrants”一词暗示本 M-zqD8D
题的答案信息在第一段或第三段, 因为这两段的首句都含有“migrants”一 Lt2<3
DB
词。又根据题干中的“supported”一词,我们可以推断出本题的答案信息 F-GrQd:O=
来源应该在原文的第三段,因为作者应该在第三段提出相应证据来“支 Gq =i-I
持”(supported)自己的观点。通过仔细阅读和理解第三段,尤其是第三段 owe6ge7m
的尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在解题时一定要有 60X
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审题定位的能力,更要具备善于理解原文中启承转合所传达的含义。 g93Hl&
2. 【答案】D tE"IE$$1
【考点解析】这是一道细节理解题。题干中的“failed”一词暗示本题 ={B?hjo<-
的答案信息应该在尾段,因为尾段中含有“fails”一词。根据阅读和理解 @,; VMO
首段尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是D。考生在解题时一定要善于 i'MpS
理解原文中所传达的中心含义。 5NN`tv
3. 【答案】B :$^cY>o
【 考点解析 】本题是一道归纳推导题。 本题题干中的“Bailyn’s fourth r#\Lq;+-B
proposition”将本题的答案信息来源确定在原文的第四段。通过仔细阅读 ^
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和理解本段的每一句话,尤其是第二、三句话和四、五句话,我们可以推导 6I-Qq?L[H
出本题的正确选项应该是B。考生在解题时一定要善于归纳和推导原文的内 UO}Yr8Z;
容,更要善于体会上下句之间的语意关系。 VskdC?yIp
4. 【答案】A <]'1Y DA
【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。题干中的“culture”一词暗示本 W
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题的答案信息来源在第四段,因为第四段首句包含“culture”一词。通过 0
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仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话,尤其是第四句,我们可以推导出本题的 XpT+xv1`;
正确选项应该是A。 考生在解题时一定要注意原文中重点词语所表达的含义, j!/=w q
以及重点词语在选项中的替换形式。 a=AP*adx8
5. 【答案】A P|rreSv*
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干并没有明确指出本题答案信息 \PM5B"MDZ
在原文中的准确位置。在这种情况下,考生一定要抓住全文的中心主旨, 以 0'O6-1Li
及每段的核心句。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的尾句,这是一个由转折词 * %w8bB
“however”引导的句子。通过仔细阅读理解本句,我们可以推导出本题的 UY/qI%#L#,
正确选项是A。考生在解题时一定要重视原文中表达启承转合的词语,因为 !H4C5wDu
这往往是出题的重点。 wG",Obja
[参考译文] MOIMW+n
Bernard Bailyn最近通过运用关于欧洲移民经历的新的社会研究成果 FGu#Pa
重新解释了美国的早期历史。在他的重新解释中,迁徙成了重写北美前工业 04@?Jb1 *
化历史的重要依据。其主张可分为四个独立的观点。 /m8&E*+T1
第一点断言,近代早期的英国居民经常在乡下流动,因此后来他们迁移 K yDPD'
到新大陆仅仅是一种“自然外流”。 虽然最初时殖民地对英国人没有多少正 \><v1x>;
面的诱惑力——他们宁愿留在本土。 到18世纪时, 移往美洲的人数却增加了, R[f@g;h
因为他们将那儿看作是充满机遇的地方。第二,Bailyn认为,和以往美国 LHHDD\X
历史教材中惯用的观念相反,从来就没有过一个典型的新大陆社会,例如,
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早期新英格兰城镇中的经济和人口特点就很不相同。 BB3wG*q
Bailyn的第三个观点是,成千上万的移民中最常见的是两种普遍类型: QO <.l`F
一组是签约的仆人,另一组是为土地而来。令人惊异的是:Bailyn认为那 'FwNQz zt
些征召签约仆人的人是这种跨越大西洋移民迁徙的推动力。 这些殖民地的企 CkEbSa<)hK
业主帮助那些来到前工业化北美社会的人确定其社会属性。起初,成千上万 TA>28/U#
未受过培训的劳动力被征召,然而到了18世纪30年代,美洲雇主开始需求技 t+2,;G
术熟练的技工。 iU "{8K,
第四,Bailyn提出,殖民地是欧洲文化体系的半开化内地。在坚持殖 f ]DO2r
民地是盎格鲁—美利坚帝国的一部分这一点上,他无疑是正确的。但是像 Z
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Bailyn这样,把帝国划分为英国核心和殖民地外围,就贬低了殖民地文化 /4Jm]"
的成就。确实,如Bailyn所说,殖民地的高雅文化不能和英国本土的相比。 S|/Za".Gr
但是如何看待17世纪的新英格兰呢?移民者在这儿制定了有效的法律,创建 NG\^>.8
了著名的大学,出版了书籍。Bailyn可能会说,新英格兰是个特例。不过, 7N}==T89[
新英格兰清教徒的思想和组织机构对北美文化有着深远的影响。 IT0 [;eqR
尽管Bailyn不断关注着数万名刚好在革命前夕迁移过来的签约仆人, mH5[(?
但他没能把这些人的经历与美国的政治发展结合起来。他的书中有证据表 SZL('x
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明,我们本来可以建立这样一种联系。在出卖给美洲雇主的时间里,这些签 ?b3({
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约仆人被看作是奴隶。毫不奇怪,一旦他们服役期满,就会放弃城市里的高 w6@8cNXK
薪而走向西部,通过获得土地来保障个人独立。因此,一种特殊的美国政治 ,,C
heRO
文化开始于西部,那些怀疑权威和强烈反对贵族统治的移民者之中。 B|.8+Q