南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析 46 \!W(O~y
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the ?g@X+!RB
United States by applying new social research findings on the FdEUZ[IT`{
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration ,g"JgX
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of Rx&.,gzj[
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate HP<a'| r
propositions. f qWme:x
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England r#w 7qEtD
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World eBmHb\
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies v6L]3O1
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather 5K$<Ad4$b
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly yqtHlz%
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of Geng duo xkSVD6Km
yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi j*f\Z!EeZ
quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua: si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu 7'{Vh{.
qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi opportunity. y
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Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to uocFOlU0n
flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New fN<Y3^i"
World community. For example, the economic and demographic character b^}U^2S%
of early New England towns varied considerably. Q:y'G9b
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns 4_'B oU4
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as U^)`_\/;?
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, ;AL:VU
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the {/aHZ<I&^h
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial .XkVdaX
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who I};*O6D`
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled TK~KM
laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers ,69547#o
demanded skilled artisans. :LdPqFXj
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized x1E;dbOZ
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct gMPp'^g]_
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. M&Ln'BC
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, H ="I=}
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is tAY{+N]f
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never I6@"y0I
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, <Kl$ek8
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished 8`]yp7ueS
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New 1_Av_X
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions )DlKeiK
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North N&Ho$,2s
American culture. rQ U6*f
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands 5)h fI7{d
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he "QiLu=Rq
fails to link their experience with the political development of the 0?gHRdU"
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might e:C4f
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as P$*N
gt
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American B_b5&M@
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time Y#=MN~##t
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their >V]9<*c
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that jcBZ#|B7;
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who /m 7~-~$V
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. 2\gIjXX"
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial %:;g|PC
North America is supported by information in the text? WLfDXx2A
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came UEfY'%x
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring =_ b
/g
land. d2-oy5cEB
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were F qgs
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more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.
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[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at Zzz94`
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during 6DgdS5GhT_
the seventeenth century. w1aoEo "S
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in SO[ u4b_"h
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. k6RVP:V
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to PiCGZybCA
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political X ,^([$
interdependence of the colonies and England. uN>5Eh&=Pf
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic Pw thYy
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. 0_MtmmL.
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of W g6H~x
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to
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acquire land. c<MF:|(}
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values @h!Z0}dX(
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. ?h%Jb^#9
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s N
fG9a~
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? '=#fELMW
[A] It is totally implausible. 0.w7S6v|&
[B] It is partially acceptable. n_9Ex&?e
[C] It is highly admirable. A~<!@`NjB
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. `&