(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12). e#[Klh$]EW
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13). ;yNc7Vl
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]. 3?o4
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.
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氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 TgkVd]4%
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. k9k39`t
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 x80IS:TP
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 ?L<B]!9HZt
(二)decrease n times/n——fold (14). |=;hQ2HyF
decrease by n times(15). 0F[f%2j
decrease by a factor of n(16). xmg
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以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]. FWbp;v{
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 x^1udK^re
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. /A{ Zf'DI
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。 wR%Ta -
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the currentis stepped down by ten times. ]-gyXE1.r
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 ggDT5hb
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. i{^T;uAE
该设备误差概率降低了4/5. ]dUG=dWO
(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… . bYsX?0T!p
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n].(17). =|oi0
这个句型还有其它一些形式, >.meecE?Q
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. "B QnP9
发现迅速减少到1/7. x9YQd69
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction inweight.
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这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2. S;4:`?s=i
从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍. +d3|Up8=
数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by). /DAR'9@h
3 times应译为"减少2/3",而不是"减少3/4". G*9(O: