医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 SplE Y!.k  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） py9zDWk~  
记分标准如下： =`VA_xVu  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 0bY}<x(;  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 :?1 r.n  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 CiE  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 |&JCf=  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 Az+}[t  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 nAc02lJh|  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： z+ ybtS>pZ  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； o*5<Cxg  
　　2） 语法基本正确； )vH 6N_  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； @ 2r9JqR[=  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； Cx>iSx  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 cID{X&or  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 p4m9@\gn  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 .+1.??8:+  
考生出现的问题 "9=F/o9  
不会审题 $[zy|Y(  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 yya"*]*S  
用词搭配不当。 asT*Z"/Q!  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 rUC@Bf  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 b&k !DeE  
Our English class often told stories. O`2;n.>\  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. vby[#S|  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 QdaYP  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. u<`CkYT  
语法错误。 ]Bo !v*12  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 /A3tY"Vn  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； lp`raNNo  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 iN\D`9e  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 CBC0X}_`  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 HorFQ?8  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 M7R.?nk  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： -h&AO\*^W  
It is often said that… %";bgU2
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Generally speaking… R +H0+omj  
As the proverb says… ,v;P@RL|g  
It goes without saying that… E?> ERO3  
It is clear/obvious that… {(r`
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Mary people often ask … yyZV/ x~  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： [[(29|`]  
It is true that… tuzw%=Ey  
Everybody knows that… 
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It can be easily proved that… E"p;  
No one can deny that… XW]'by  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… &6-udZB-  
The chief reason why …is that … ;eYm+e^?.  
We must recognize that… HyKvDJ 3_  
There is no doubt that… qV^Z@N+,  
I am of the opinion that… d{?X:*F  
This can expressed as follows… F91'5D,u0  
To take…for an example (instance) … V=%j]`Os  
Therefore we should realize that … _tJp@\rOz=  
We have reason to believe that… R pUq#Y:a  
We know that… SGi(Zk
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What is more serious is that… ^
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(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： i7hWBd4wK  
Another special consideration in this case is that … N#(p_7M  
Besides, we should not neglect that… EqW/Wxv7b  
However, … XcfvmlBoD-  
But the problem is not so simple, … ~I '1\1  
Therefore… 9F[k;U w  
But it is a pity that… bb@@QzR  
On the other hand, … H _H3Gp  
I do not believe that… 
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Perhaps you’ll ask why… _ISIq3A?  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… HV_5 +  
Though we are in basic agreement with … *}mk$b A  
The trouble seems that… |$
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Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 5Q
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So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… q ]}fW)r  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： i7N|p9O.  
In a word, … }@R*U0*E  
In sum, … WS17DsWW  
In conclusion, … QU&LC  
From this point of view, … 1|U8DK
 
On account of this we can find that … (e,5 b  
The result is dependent on … B!>hHQ2  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… ",9QqgY+  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… =t,}I\_^c  
　　2.句子连接 Cp[{|U-?G  
　　(1)“启” 9c `Vrlu  
in the first place at present ExJch\  
currently it goes without saying that [^rMM1^,OB  
lately first ZA1u  
first of all now #`kLU:  
presently firstly $G $147z  
generally recently 3b9SyU2  
in the beginning to begin with R]Iv?)Y  
to start with in general V~tZNRJ-  
　　(2)“承” y9/x:n&]  
after a few days after a while "2J$~2{N  
also at any arte qj$6/V|D  
at the same time besides zQPQP`  
by this time certainly [ pAW':  
consequently for example qFV }Y0w  
for instance for this purpose PPj_
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from now on furthermore .YYLMI  
in addition in addition to… pb`!_GmB  
in fact in other words W.|r=   
in particular in the same manner 7ThGF  
incidentally indeed szZ8
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meanwhile moreover *|OP>N  
no doubt obviously ?H30  
of course particularly =x QLf4>  
second secondly rhr(u Cp/  
similarly so x!@3.$  
soon still \os iY^  
then third MhaoD5*9  
thirdly truly "3\C;B6I  
unlike… what is more  ,xhB  
　　(3)“转” `8D)j>Yh~  
after all all the same +CQ$-3  
anyway at the same time cD!yd^QE  
but by this time ?J1x'/G  
conversely despite… -\2T(3P  
especially… fortunately #JLxM/5^1~  
however in other words Uiz#QGt  
in particular in spite of… Y)7LkZO(y  
in the same way likewise kr=&x)Wy!  
luckily nevertheless sz?/4tY
 
no doubt not withstanding … yn;sd+:z  
on the contrary on the other hand ~"t33U6  
otherwise perhaps… (:TZ~"VY  
unfortunately unlike… }2X"  
whereas… yet i#RT4}l"a  
nonetheless as a matter of fact f(}AdW}?  
(4)“合” -$Ad#Eu]M  
above all accordingly <O]
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as a consequence as a result 4uSC>  
as has been noted as I have said InCJ4D  
at last at length +)cjW"9  
by and large briefly eX1<zzd  
by doing so consequently fzhCV  
eventually finally F(5(cr 7K  
hence in brief );~JyoDo  
in conclusion in short S.Z2gFE&tu  
on the whole therefore {)c2#h  
thus to speak frankly c[n4{q1  
to sum up to summarize 6(9S'~*'R  
indeed surely C@$!'^ 61  
to conclude obviously 7w_cKR1;  
certainly truly !}[,ODJ4 d  
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常用句型 FK2* O  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 (C=.&',P  
1. In general, I don’t agree with ]l~TI8gC  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. i- v PJg1  
3. The chief reason why… is that… 2L!wbeTb;  
4.There is no true that… UUuB Rtau  
5. It is not true that… v"po }K  
6. It can be easily denied than… <EHgPlQn  
7. We have no reason to believe that… YKk*QcAn  
8. What is more serious is that… z3\
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9. But it is pity that… , Ac gsC  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… =gYKAr^p5  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… ";PW#VHC  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… ^V1iOf:  
13. Perhaps I was question why… @5im*ubzM  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… t04_~e  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but p;P"mp\'  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… ?c$z?QTMJ  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… I&jiH)  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… -{^IT`  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… |6ZH+6[  
20. What these people fail to consider is that…
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21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … TH%J=1d  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. \9Z1'W  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. &N`s@K
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24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. \fk%^1XY  
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用于描写图表和数据 9HtzBS  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998.  x+=Ko  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. #jc+2F,+{  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. NQFMExg,  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. lVw77bZ  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. b%TS37`^[  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. sv g`s,g  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. r&MHww1i  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. p H5iv>H  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. Dm")\"5\?  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. >E9:3
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11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… ~) ecQ  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 MKnG:)T<?l  
1.Everybody knows that… n' Xv
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2.It can be easily proved that… :nt 7jm,  
3. It is true that… :cvZk|b%  
4. No one can deny that +# 38  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… Qh0tU<jG  
6. The chief reason is that… o9j*Yz  
7. We must recognize that… &yQi lyU{V  
8. There is on doubt that… d-W@/J  
9. I am of the opinion that… i>]1E^yF  
10. This can be expressed as follows; 7M|!
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11. To take …for an example… &pL.hM^  
12. We have reason to believe that gH0' Ok'  
13. Now that we know that… j[^(<R8  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… "&_$%#HUv  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that ]YO &_#  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… \o&\r)FX  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… z ?3G`  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… W-
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19. It is chiefly responsible of… \1[=t+/  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… vxey$Ir  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… :c*_W /  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… U)f;*{U  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… y@T0 jI  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. S  .KZ)  
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用于文章的开头 n^a&@?(+  
1. As the proverb says… Ojh\H  
2. It goes without saying tan… a/k0(  
3. Generally speaking… H*gX90{!2  
4. It is quite clear than because… 65P*Gu?  
5. It is often said that … *VbB'u:  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” |4sl G  
7. More and more people have come to realize… &=KNKE`  
8. There is no doubt that… *-zOQ=Y  
9. Some people believe that… rryC^Vma  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? 2b[R^O}   
11. One great man said that… e"
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12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. -MCDX^>P  
13. In the past several years there has been… oB$P6
 
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… ~!PaBS3A  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… =k{ n! e  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… THOXs; k0  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … 0m,3''Q5lO  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. LGau !\  
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用于文章的结尾 \qo}}I>e  
1. from this point of view… 2i4&*&A  
2. in a word… &nRbI:R  
3. in conclusion… %VSjMZ  
4. on account of this we can find that… M%vZcP  
5. the result is dependent on… Yp;6.\Z8[  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: ,drcJ  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… ZQVr]/W^r  
8. to sum up … /`2t$71)  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… pO10L`|  
10. It is obvious that… ,WA[HwY-  
11. There is little doubt that… Za>0&Fnf  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful CZ~%qPwDw  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. 2H]~X9,z2  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on…  hb,G'IU  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… )
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用于论证和说明 in[yrqFb7t  
1. As it is described that… bo]= *  
2. It has been illustrated that… %"C%pA  
3. It provides a good example of… KJLC2,  
4. We may cite another instance of… ]6*+i$  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… -!s?d5k")  
6. A number of further facts may be added… #A@d;U%  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. ,5 ylrE  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… !ot$Q  
9. According to the statistics provided … mD]^a;U[X  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… >(9" D8  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… X *fle  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… "A ayU  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… h88IP:bo  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… f'-) 3T  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… IW&.JNcN  
16. All the facts suggest that… h]w5N2$}?  
17. No one can deny the fact that… ss4<s 5:y  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… qUuvM  
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