医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 CIjZG?A  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） iut`7  
记分标准如下： 1Y_w5dU  
jkiTj~WE-  
13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 B12$I:x `  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 H"2uxhdLK3  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 M8k"je7`s  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。  s95vK7I  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 >hY" 3  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 PNW \*;j  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： /S:F)MO9  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； Qr#1u  
　　2） 语法基本正确； ?Z\Yu'  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； gBu1QviU  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； (BX83)  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 uH3D{4   
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 \b[9ebME  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 \U%#nU{  
考生出现的问题 0=wK:Ex  
不会审题 H1!iP$1#V  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 2A4FaBq"  
用词搭配不当。 &Bx J  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 KCe13!  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 S{',QO*D6  
Our English class often told stories. l0*
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应改为：We often told stories in our English class. 0"pVT%b  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 OPpjuIRv  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. F2(q>#<_  
语法错误。 7iuQ9q^&  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 wLuv6 \E  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； mq/zTm  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 "s W-_j
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　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 -6Tk<W  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 33:DH}
  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 %u?HF4S'  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： SEKN|YQV/t  
It is often said that… ]O:M$ $  
Generally speaking… jW*1E*"  
As the proverb says… x@P{l&:>  
It goes without saying that… `=tyN@VC  
It is clear/obvious that… H;<!TX.zD  
Mary people often ask … B~r}c4R{7  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： j{#Wn !,  
It is true that… bC@k>yC-  
Everybody knows that… x_@i(oQ:_  
It can be easily proved that… ?4PQQd  
No one can deny that… +2cs
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One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… A3P9.mur  
The chief reason why …is that … ~M ?|Vn  
We must recognize that… "i'bTVs  
There is no doubt that… ?s} %  
I am of the opinion that… <FFJzNc+  
This can expressed as follows… O]u",J5  
To take…for an example (instance) … p(3sgY1  
Therefore we should realize that … :x>T}C<Y  
We have reason to believe that… L0Vgo <A  
We know that… _45cH{$sA  
What is more serious is that… _&{%Wc5W~F  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： B5=3r1Ly  
Another special consideration in this case is that … K\=8eg93Z  
Besides, we should not neglect that… ;'kI/(;;C  
However, … HR{s&ho  
But the problem is not so simple, … vd~U@-C=R  
Therefore… 7s>a2  
But it is a pity that… p, #6 @*  
On the other hand, … k0K A~  
I do not believe that… =:$) Z   
Perhaps you’ll ask why… XSD%
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This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… HFh /$VM  
Though we are in basic agreement with … e9@(/+
 
The trouble seems that… ^" 6f\  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… k&Jo"[i&WO  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… -ut=8(6&  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： ) h"Fla  
In a word, … W7e4pR?w  
In sum, … c>MY$-PD  
In conclusion, … `ut)+T V  
From this point of view, … {g=b]yg\o  
On account of this we can find that … V9jFjc?  
The result is dependent on … N du7nKG  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… )+GX<2_  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… 2ij/N%
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　　2.句子连接 wixD\t59X  
　　(1)“启” ]7<m1Lg  
in the first place at present +{vQSFW  
currently it goes without saying that -Op@y2+c  
lately first g\J)= ,ju,  
first of all now (4ZLpsbJ  
presently firstly )<
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generally recently 24|<<Xn  
in the beginning to begin with "o==4?*L  
to start with in general /,t| !)\]  
　　(2)“承” ScHlfk p  
after a few days after a while Jk~UEqr+  
also at any arte jaa/k@OG  
at the same time besides yA0Y 14\*  
by this time certainly [J:zE&aj
  
consequently for example uXP- J]>  
for instance for this purpose scmto cm  
from now on furthermore aKOf;^@  
in addition in addition to… V%o#AfMI_  
in fact in other words ])68wqD  
in particular in the same manner {"}+V`O{  
incidentally indeed &08Tns"  
meanwhile moreover (V^ QQ !:  
no doubt obviously $uTlbAuv  
of course particularly q"l>`KCG`  
second secondly %N1T{   
similarly so +}\29@{
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soon still }o{!}g9  
then third B ;;cbY  
thirdly truly iF+S%aPd#  
unlike… what is more (T4k~T`3  
　　(3)“转” krwf8!bI  
after all all the same =cknE=  
anyway at the same time ScsWnZ  
but by this time O} (E(v  
conversely despite… #<D@3ScC  
especially… fortunately X #H:&*[!  
however in other words (PyTq 5:F  
in particular in spite of… 6@i|Kw(:  
in the same way likewise es{cn=\s  
luckily nevertheless `s#sE.= o  
no doubt not withstanding … t4C<#nfo  
on the contrary on the other hand m]Hb+Y=;h  
otherwise perhaps… m`[oT\  
unfortunately unlike… x
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whereas… yet ]L[JS^#7  
nonetheless as a matter of fact ^ n6)YX  
(4)“合” $@5%5  
above all accordingly 1y_fQ+\2A  
as a consequence as a result (9Fabo\SH  
as has been noted as I have said (R9QBZP5  
at last at length 3P%w-qT!N  
by and large briefly C.b,]7i  
by doing so consequently } IIK~d,  
eventually finally m~Kch~~]  
hence in brief c+}!yH$  
in conclusion in short 94Kuy@0:+  
on the whole therefore M63s(f  
thus to speak frankly +#de8/x   
to sum up to summarize kr EH`f  
indeed surely qcR|E`k-G  
to conclude obviously 0A#9C09  
certainly truly &hSnB~hi  
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常用句型 sw3:HNG=  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 \]L::"![?  
1. In general, I don’t agree with IS5.i95m  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. kuKn JWv  
3. The chief reason why… is that… c5T~0'n  
4.There is no true that… 4U LJtM3  
5. It is not true that… FOlA* U4U  
6. It can be easily denied than… Zh@4_Z9n!  
7. We have no reason to believe that… 6ywnyh  
8. What is more serious is that… rC1qGzg\a  
9. But it is pity that… :uU]rBMo  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… 6,V.j>z  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… RJ=c[nb  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… =hOj8;2  
13. Perhaps I was question why… >tXufzW  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… :e0R7sj  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but c*M)DO`y;h  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… r+V(1<`2X  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… :Z*02JwK  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… @y;tk$e  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… x]%4M\T``  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… npG+#z  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … ZhJ|ZvJ  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. !Wdt:MUI8  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. J4'!  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. x=)30y3*;  
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用于描写图表和数据 KoQ_:`  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. ,mE]?XyO  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. r/s& ee  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. d)17r\*>I  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 1vR#FE?  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. g8iB;%6   
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. BB73'W8y  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. ^) b7m  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. hcp'+:  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. (EF$^FYPK  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. |)P;%Fy9  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… k
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 3bI|X! j  
1.Everybody knows that… k f K"
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2.It can be easily proved that… ?[>BssW  
3. It is true that… *}WqYqOow  
4. No one can deny that $lG--s  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… },QFyT  
6. The chief reason is that… ^MWW,`  
7. We must recognize that… CYic_rF$  
8. There is on doubt that… U-^S<H  
9. I am of the opinion that… b!tZbX#  
10. This can be expressed as follows; H&K)q5~  
11. To take …for an example… 0#[Nfe*  
12. We have reason to believe that !
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13. Now that we know that… vR.6^q  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… GH)+yD[o  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that x:wq"X  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… O7_NXfh|  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… }j<_JI  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… o>k-~v7  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… )UU6\2^  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact…
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21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… JU`'?b  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… 2OOj8JS  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… ]$k m  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. !{=%l+^.  
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用于文章的开头 w0>)y-  
1. As the proverb says… +?eAaC7s  
2. It goes without saying tan… Jx[e{o)o  
3. Generally speaking… WQ
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4. It is quite clear than because… Xpz-@fqKdf  
5. It is often said that … @?NLME  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” Z s!q #qM  
7. More and more people have come to realize… wA+4:CF@  
8. There is no doubt that… Z19y5?uR  
9. Some people believe that… XSIO0ep  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? ~$9 "|  
11. One great man said that… ;{u#~d}  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. ({62GWnn_  
13. In the past several years there has been… h.%Qn vL  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… Hd}t=6  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… M4]|(A  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… 5WX2rJ8z  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … eNKdub  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. #rC+13  
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用于文章的结尾 wn.0U  
1. from this point of view… "A$Y)j<#G  
2. in a word… 1%{(?uz9  
3. in conclusion… ,*#M%Pv1t  
4. on account of this we can find that… QpZhxp  
5. the result is dependent on… ?Io2lFvI@Y  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: U Y^f|f&  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… mQ)l`
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8. to sum up … `fHiY.-  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… }gt~{9?c  
10. It is obvious that… >.A:6  
11. There is little doubt that… 6<GWDO  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful m/h0J03'T  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. 6C5qW8q]u3  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… YDL)F<Y  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… ]YKWa"  
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用于论证和说明 ;RYKqUE  
1. As it is described that… x]M1UBnMN  
2. It has been illustrated that… wm4e:&  
3. It provides a good example of… ' ga2C\)  
4. We may cite another instance of… =+WFx3/  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… /J:j '6  
6. A number of further facts may be added… >aK&T"  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. VN;M;fMs  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… )}v2Z3:  
9. According to the statistics provided … K}@:>;*9  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… R&A.F+Zgt  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… R(
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12. All available evidence points to the fact that… 5kz`_\&  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… |Can  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… ,\b5M`<c  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… 'UKB
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16. All the facts suggest that… ' u~use"  
17. No one can deny the fact that… Rz<fz"/2<  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… X-)6.[9f  
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