医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 Bm;: cmB0e  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） SPm2I(at7  
记分标准如下： i,rX.K}X  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 m#<J r:-  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 gHFQs](G.  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 a%/D~5Z  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 e ^ZY  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 yq[. WPve  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 S~)_=4Z  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： \Nk578+AA  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； Y$9x!kV  
　　2） 语法基本正确； ~V0 GRPnI  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； aq\Fh7  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； 'F3@Xh  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。
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6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 7a=ul:  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 "{kE#`c6<n  
考生出现的问题 DXQ]b)y+N  
不会审题 dH'0
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用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 dKhS;!K9p  
用词搭配不当。 #fk1'c2  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 .m.
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句子逻辑关系混乱。 db@^CS[P  
Our English class often told stories. n5)ml)m  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. 9_8\xLk  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 h!Y##_&&4  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. }R%*J  
语法错误。 MNp4=R  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 KT+{-"4-  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； QO>';ul5  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 7U-}Y  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 PHJHW#sv  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 %m [l/,2x  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 ya[f?0b0  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： FHEP/T\5  
It is often said that… j-VwY/X  
Generally speaking… BoOuN94  
As the proverb says… gXU(0(Gq  
It goes without saying that… 9XKqsvdS  
It is clear/obvious that… F1BXu@~e(  
Mary people often ask … y%x:~.  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： n-{d7haOa  
It is true that… FBvh7D.hV  
Everybody knows that… G!wb|-4<$  
It can be easily proved that… +-9-%O.(;  
No one can deny that… :U/]*0b  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… G e5Yz.Qv  
The chief reason why …is that … q'4P/2)va  
We must recognize that… (:O6sTx-hE  
There is no doubt that… T>
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I am of the opinion that… {`e-%<  
This can expressed as follows… U OGj
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To take…for an example (instance) … vLBuE  
Therefore we should realize that … DVMdRfA  
We have reason to believe that… e6mm;@F>  
We know that… {2mF\A#.  
What is more serious is that… R4P&r =?  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： YllZ
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Another special consideration in this case is that … \13Q>iAu  
Besides, we should not neglect that… w!v^6[!  
However, … `(`-S md  
But the problem is not so simple, … Kf}*Ij  
Therefore… Bg[yn<) ]  
But it is a pity that… =:xX~,qmv  
On the other hand, … BDzAmrO<  
I do not believe that… 7R m\#  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… b9"t%R9/Q  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… ^Ifm1$X}  
Though we are in basic agreement with … +N7<[hE;  
The trouble seems that… r<Z.J/a  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 'q_Z dw%  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… KdYR?rY  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： K3`! 0(  
In a word, … =$^90Q,Z;  
In sum, … D`!BjhlW  
In conclusion, … HeO&p@  
From this point of view, … 5h^BXX|Y*  
On account of this we can find that … Ejr'Yzl3_  
The result is dependent on … q
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Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… *PV7s  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… 9}a$0H h  
　　2.句子连接 zVf79UrK  
　　(1)“启” I{>Z0+  
in the first place at present %72(gR2Wa2  
currently it goes without saying that 3**t'iWQ  
lately first VF" ;
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first of all now RSbq<f>BFo  
presently firstly 8> $=p4bf  
generally recently X Nfl  
in the beginning to begin with V!Sm,S(  
to start with in general rC
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　　(2)“承” p=A,yGDV  
after a few days after a while $N}t)iA  
also at any arte dI%ho<zm]  
at the same time besides #qF1z}L(  
by this time certainly /3^XJb$Sa  
consequently for example :aaX Y:<  
for instance for this purpose 4r~K`)/S'  
from now on furthermore yp^k;G?_d  
in addition in addition to… z,E`+a;  
in fact in other words #}@8(>T  
in particular in the same manner tu$rVwgM  
incidentally indeed [
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meanwhile moreover NziCN*6  
no doubt obviously X <Cfy  
of course particularly NyRa.hgZ;  
second secondly hLuv  
similarly so +a|Q)Ob  
soon still G rU`;M"  
then third Wu|MNB?M  
thirdly truly ,"gPd!HD(  
unlike… what is more Dqc GzTz  
　　(3)“转” )$i,e`T   
after all all the same [ei~Xkzkj  
anyway at the same time R6fkc^  
but by this time \n,L600`q  
conversely despite… *<67h*|)  
especially… fortunately gYrB@W;2  
however in other words `|Di?4+6%  
in particular in spite of… *'A*!=5(  
in the same way likewise =<Sn&uL  
luckily nevertheless NNqvjM-  
no doubt not withstanding … ]N'%l]_$  
on the contrary on the other hand W3>9GY90R  
otherwise perhaps… F09%f"9  
unfortunately unlike… 1`L.$T,1!  
whereas… yet 5m0lk|`  
nonetheless as a matter of fact a $Ud"  
(4)“合” 0ElEaH1z  
above all accordingly {'M/wT)FeC  
as a consequence as a result tl!dRV92  
as has been noted as I have said PcT]  
at last at length \ZV>5N3hS  
by and large briefly 9^n0<(99b  
by doing so consequently 
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eventually finally fUWrR1  
hence in brief >I~Q[  
in conclusion in short Fs4shrt  
on the whole therefore q|]CA  
thus to speak frankly l #^?sbG  
to sum up to summarize ><"|>(y  
indeed surely B1~`*~@  
to conclude obviously \ Xh C  
certainly truly Nb ~J'"  
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常用句型 *@#Gc%mGu  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 PH8 88O  
1. In general, I don’t agree with Nk\ni>Du3  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. OZf@cOTWK  
3. The chief reason why… is that… Z>y6[o  
4.There is no true that… ZLKbF9lo  
5. It is not true that… #Ox@[Z1I  
6. It can be easily denied than… @o?Y[BR  
7. We have no reason to believe that… x!s=Nola  
8. What is more serious is that… wI 7gHp  
9. But it is pity that… w$iPFZC'  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… ydOG8EI  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… .K4)#oC  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… _qf~ hhi  
13. Perhaps I was question why… WO%pX+PoH  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… 1QmOUw}yj  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but _>`9]6\&  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… x
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17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 1CZO+MB&"$  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… %4M,f.[e  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… x5\Du6 3  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… 9\Ff z&  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … PeiRe  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. |LLpG37_  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. 9wf"5c  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. _0^>^he  
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用于描写图表和数据 Z 6Mjc/  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. vmNI$KZM  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. l0t(t*[Mj  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. R87@
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4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. q6E'W" Q  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. xuqG)HthRS  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. sxuP"
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7. The total number was lowered by 10%. ,2FI?}+R  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. `w4'DB-R)  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. K9}Brhe  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. AH'3 5Kf)  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… 3 .j/D^  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 O.y ?q  
1.Everybody knows that… DS @Yto  
2.It can be easily proved that… S^D@8<6GJ  
3. It is true that… 4=y&}3om(0  
4. No one can deny that Y%TY%"<  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 8n2;47 a  
6. The chief reason is that… .
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7. We must recognize that… |}YxxeAk  
8. There is on doubt that… )'7Qd(4WT  
9. I am of the opinion that… /7+b .h])^  
10. This can be expressed as follows; 5 " 1wz  
11. To take …for an example… @\oZ2sB  
12. We have reason to believe that }{,Wha5\n  
13. Now that we know that… >fT%CGLC0  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… (5+g:mSfr  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that M5:*aCN6P  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… H!"TS-s`  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… V)5,E>;EN  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… ?< yYm;B  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… 5{DwD{Q  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… ~g#/q~UE  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… -jrA
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22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… BOA7@Zaa$p  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… a
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24. Different people observes it in different ways. `Z{s,!z  
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用于文章的开头 fJk'5kv  
1. As the proverb says… 't
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2. It goes without saying tan… ;0?OBUDO  
3. Generally speaking… ywyg(8>zE  
4. It is quite clear than because… fTK84v"7_  
5. It is often said that … DaGny0|BB  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” pAA)?/&oKV  
7. More and more people have come to realize… Fe: ~M?]  
8. There is no doubt that… { JDD"z  
9. Some people believe that… (LXYx<  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? HKO]_; :(  
11. One great man said that… (64es)B}"  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. &?xmu204  
13. In the past several years there has been… +NvpYz  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… fWri7|"0h  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… k w   
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… ]Z85
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17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … *|CvK&7  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. yUxz,36wZ  
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用于文章的结尾 Q uw|KL  
1. from this point of view…  KPjAk  
2. in a word… oj'YDQ^uj  
3. in conclusion… vfmY>nr  
4. on account of this we can find that… EymSrZw  
5. the result is dependent on… >w.%KVBJ  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: >*!
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7. thus, this is the reason why we must… A9"!=/~  
8. to sum up … GY0OVAW6'c  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… uf (_<~  
10. It is obvious that… o>Dd1 j  
11. There is little doubt that… S0r+Y0J]<  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful eT(X Ri0  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. _RZ"WA^[  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… # kNp);  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… +|5O b  
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用于论证和说明 Ss
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1. As it is described that… 7-u'x[=m  
2. It has been illustrated that… hJir_=  
3. It provides a good example of… oK4xRv8Hd  
4. We may cite another instance of… NZ6:ZzM  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… u$(ei2f  
6. A number of further facts may be added… /<(-lbq,  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. C=cn.CX  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… e-\/1N84  
9. According to the statistics provided … 5IFzbL#q#f  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… }#g+~9UK  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… +o"CMI  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… .c__T{<)[  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… Ld/6{w4ir  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… &}pF6eIar  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… Cx.##n0  
16. All the facts suggest that… -o!bO9vC  
17. No one can deny the fact that… #5'@at'1  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… qfxEo76'  
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