英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: @ dU3d\!}
S十V主谓结构 Cjb p-
S十V十F主系表结构 yxq!.72
S十V十O主谓宾结构 R$3+ 01j|
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 :fQ*'m,
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 I z@x^s
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 fmyS#
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五个基本句式详细解释如下: B{u.Yc:
1.S十V句式 v~=ol8J
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在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: `Wt~6D
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He runs quickly. Q%h
o[KU
他跑得快。 _Dt TG<E
They listened carefully. N8Q{4c
他们听得很仔细。 7!r`DZ"yF
He suffered from cold and hunger. M|u5Vs1
他挨冻受饿。 `-\JjMSQ1
China belongs to the third world country. |"*:ZSj
中国属于第三世界国家。 $h
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The gas has given out.
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煤气用完了。 zW&W`(
My ink has run out. "61n?Z#,M[
我的钢笔水用完了。 0 pz
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2.S十V十P句式 v2g+oKO]
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: k9?+9bExXA
He is older than he looks. sP8B?Tn1W
他比看上去要老。 Un+Jz
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He seen interested in the book. GT0'bge
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 v#G ^W
The story sounds interesting. a#$%xw
这个故事听起来有趣。 KfS^sT
The desk feels hard. EpMEA1=&
书桌摸起来很硬。 6dlPS{H#U
The cake tastes nice. =jh:0Q<43+
饼尝起来很香。 aP gG+tu
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. RT9@&5>il
花闻起来香甜。 "yk%/:G+
You have grown taller than before. ,|/$|$'
你长得比以前高了。 WDR!e2G
He has suddenly fallen ill. C]cw@:o%
他突然病倒了。 WdnP[x9
He stood quite still. egvWPht'_
他静静地站看。 I'hQbLlG
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. <NO~TBHF
他长大后当了教师。 MN4}y5
He could never turn traitor to his country. *qBZi;1
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 [OSUARm
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注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: 4YC`dpO'
He looked me up and down. 9OBPFF
他上下打量我。 &9>d
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. 'cv/"26#
他伸出手来摸象。 D
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They are tasting the fish. u1l#k60
他们在品尝鱼。 Heu@{t.[!D
They grow rice in their home town. ~c"c9s+o
他们在家乡种水稻。 xC(PH?_
He's got a chair to sit on. &XP 0
他有椅子坐。 DQd&:J@?
Please turn the sentence into English. ewY X \
请把这个句于泽成英语。 "fdG5|NJe
3.S十V十O句式 <jF <_j
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: ;N|6C+y
I saw a film yesterday. J$oJ
我昨天看了一部电影。 sXTO`W/
Have you read the story? NbdaP{{
你读过这个故事吗? 4Bz~_
They found their home easily. U\N`[k.F
他们很容易找到他们的家。 :
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They built a house last year. rlq8J/0/+
他们去年建了一所房子。 6O}r4*
They've put up a factory in the village. P&K~wP]
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 LS`Gg7]S
They have taken good care of the children. hn-S$3')`
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 X!m/I
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You should look after your children well. hikun2
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 lPH]fWt<
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 {r"HR%*u
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: }.#C9<"}
He gave me a book/a book to me. w*?JW
他给我一本书。 $ _zdjzT
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. F=cO=5Iz
他带给我一枝钢笔。 B}vI<?c
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. Gh j[nsoC~
他把座位让给我。 ^;'3(m=
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: _\[Zr.y
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. .gB#g{5+J
妈妈给我买了一本书。 ']V 2V)t
He got me a chair/a chair for me. XG0,@Ly
他给我弄了一把椅子。 Y!KGJ^.mF
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. E0YXgQa
请帮我一下。 ]5^u^
He asked me a question/a question of me. `H\^#Zu
他问我个问题。 t{$t3>p-t
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: yCwQ0|
They robbed the old man of his money. +
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他们抢了老人的钱。 wJ{M&n1H
He's warned me of the danger. Ih.o;8PpK
他警告我注意危险。 %;gD_H4mm
The doctor has cured him of his disease. U!('`TYe
医生治好了他的病。 h4V.$e<T&
We must rid the house of th erats. 6 ,k}v:
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 A w83@U
They deprived him of his right to speak. Zcc6E2
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 z*:^*,
5.S十V十O十C句式 }lhJt|q c
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 \OOj]gAe
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 tvP"t{C6,
They made the girl angry. U|,VH-#
他们使这个女孩生气了。 <MY_{o8d
They found her happy that day. gCd9"n-e
他们发现那天她很高兴。 t0/fF'GZD
I found him out. 6zyozJA
我发现他出去了。 8%Pjx7'<
I saw him in. fY\QI
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我见他在家。 Uc\\..Cf
They saw a foot mark in the sand. o <sX6a9e
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 y!!p:3
They named the boy Charlie. W*gu*H^s~
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 oMcX{v^"
I saw him come in and go out. }56"4/ Z
我见他进来又出去。 <vO
ljo
They felt the car moving fast. Ju+r@/y%
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 $$`}b^, /
I heard the glass broken just now. r'-)@|
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 ?:~
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He found the doctor of study closed to him. u[y>DPPx
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。