wesjw

级别: 初级博友

楼主发表于: 2007-12-16

考博英语写作绝招

考博英语写作模板、绝招

开头万能公式
1．开头万能公式一：名人名言
　　有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！
　　原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？
　　经典句型：
　　A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）
　　It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）
　　更多经典句型：
　　As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
2．开头万能公式二：数字统计
　　原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。
　　原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
　　看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：
　　Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
　　Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
　　Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
　　Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
　　更多句型：
　　A recent statistics shows that …
结尾万能公式
1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论
　　说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：
Obviously, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
　　如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！
　　更多过渡短语：
　　to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
　　更多句型：
　　Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…
2．结尾万能公式二：如此建议
　　如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！
　　Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
　　这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？
　更多句型：
　　Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.
　　Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
（1）不同观点列举型（选择型）
　 There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

　　People,　however,　differ　in　their　opinions　on　this　matter.　Some　people　hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there　is no　doubt　that ___观点二______.　

　As far as I am concerned, I　firmly　support　the　view　that __观点一或二______.　It　is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

（3）答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.

Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

（4）谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )

A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.

With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.

（5）图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage　in　the　table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

　　There　are　at　least　two　good　reasons accounting for ______. On　the　one　hand, ________. On　the　other　hand,　_______ is　due　to　the　fact　that ________.　In　addition, ________ is　responsible　for _______.　Maybe　there　are　some　other　reasons　to　show ________.　But　it　is　generally　believed　that　the　above　mentioned　reasons　are　commonly convincing.

　　As　far　as　I　am　concerned,　I hold the point of view that _______. I　am　sure　my　opinion　is　both　sound　and　well-grounded.

（6）实用性写作（申请信 )

Your address

Month, Date, year

Receiver's address

Dear ...,

I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.

.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.

I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.

Best regards for your health and success.

Sincerely yours,

X X X
写作的“七项基本原则”
一、长短句原则
　　工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
　　如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！
　　强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
二、主题句原则
　　国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！
　　特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！
　　To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、一二三原则
　　领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
　　1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗）
　　2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）
　　3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗）
　　4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）
　　5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）
　　6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）
　　7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）
　　8）most important of all, moreover, finally
　　9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）
　　10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）
　　建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！
四、短语优先原则
　　写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：
　　I cannot bear it.
　　可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.
　　I want it.
　　可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.
　　这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。
五、多实少虚原则
　　原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如：
　　走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room
　　但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room
　　*****走出房间应该说：sail out of the room
　　小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room
　　老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room
　　所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！
六、多变句式原则
　　1）加法（串联）
　　都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：
　　I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar.
　　如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：
　　Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.
　　其它的短语可以用：
　　besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
　　2）转折（拐弯抹角）
　　批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。
　　The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.
　　The coat was thin, but it was warm.
　　更多的短语：
　　despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding
　　3）因果（so, so, so）
　　昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！
　　The snow began to fall, so we went home.
　　更多短语：
　　then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
　　4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）
　　有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。
　　举例：This is what I can do.
　　Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.
　　同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：
　　When to go, Why he goes away…
　　5）附加（多此一举）
　　如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。
　　The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
　　I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.
　　Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.
　　其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。
　　6）排比（排山倒海句）
　　文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
　　We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. （气势恢宏）
　　要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！
七、挑战极限原则
　　既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！
　　原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：
　　The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.
　　Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
　　如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！
文章主体段落三大杀手锏
一、举实例
　　思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colors, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they find him or her.
　　更多句型：
　　To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example
二、做比较
　　方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的；
　　世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（through comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。下面是一些短语：
　　相似的比较：
　　in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner
　　相反的比较：
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …
三、换言之
　　没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。
　　实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you!
　　I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you.
　　I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you.
　　或者上面我们举过的例子：
　　I cannot bear it.
　　可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.
　　因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.
　　更多短语：
　　in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply

[p:5]

评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

分享到： QQ空间新浪微博腾讯微博人人网网易微博

回复引用

举报顶端

songkirin

级别: 初级博友

显示用户信息

沙发发表于: 2007-12-30

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

lz 辛苦

回复引用

举报顶端

刘清华

级别: 初级博友

显示用户信息

板凳发表于: 2007-12-30

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

xiexie

回复引用

举报顶端

gllgo

级别: 初级博友

显示用户信息

地板发表于: 2008-02-26

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

Very good! That is to say, thanks a lot!

回复引用

举报顶端

ouyangwensen

级别: 初级博友

显示用户信息

地下室发表于: 2008-02-26

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

一定得回复吗，

回复引用

举报顶端

http://www.freekaobo.com
访问内容超出本站范围，不能确定是否安全
继续访问	取消访问

快速回复
	限 100 字节进入高级模式加粗字体颜色背景颜色插入链接图片验证问题: 4+6=? 正确答案:10 按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交	上一个下一个