By Voice of America H:H6b
Broadcast: Monday, March 28, 2005 n4lu tnF
©2001 Voice Of America, ©2005 Merriam-Webster Inc. hm<}p&!J
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z jp'
K%P
Parts of Speech N m):9YQ/
Prefixes _Jv
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Expressions SE7W F18A
Science Words h d~$WV0#
Organs of the Body 4.RG4Jq
PARTS OF SPEECH * Ei|fe$sa
• n. (noun) - a name word _ 7DkS}NJs
• v. (verb) - an action word A8A ~!2V
• ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word @Mvd'.r<;
• prep. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation c"!lwm3b
• pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun Z>)][pL
• conj. (conjunction) - a joining word zY+Fl~$S
注：用鼠标左键点击带有下划线的单词词条即可听到发音 {K#NB_*To
A P'MY[&|mM'
• a - ad. one; any; each 2k6 X,
• able - v. having the power to do something kqG0%WtQ
• about - ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about the weather.") G#Ou[*O'
• above - ad. at a higher place Lfl
Fe@2
• accept - v. to agree to receive Zt VAEIZ)
• accident - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event midsnG+jnf
• accuse - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a statement against someone `IINq{Zk
• across - ad. from side to side; to the other side fQ+VT|jzx
• act - v. to do something :`) ~-`_
• activist - n. one who seeks change through action
QH]M
• actor - n. someone acting in a play or show g/=K.
• add - v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more 7 1W5.!
• administration - n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president or prime minister {5*|C-WWtG
• admit - v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.") C}
IbxKl
• adult - n. a grown person \bC X=E-
• advise - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision @+U,N zd
• affect - v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected the singer's performance.") 9@ $,o M=
• afraid - ad. feeling fear 52zGJ I*
• after - ad. later; behind CBf7]n0H
• again - ad. another time; as before #$vRJ#S} U
• against - ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something hM@\RPsY
• age - n. how old a person or thing is }2)DPP:ic
• agency - n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the United Nations") KRsAv^']
• aggression - n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's borders *0Gz)'
• ago - ad. of time past; before now i54 md$Q^
• agree - v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something *5%*|>
• agriculture - n. farming F="z]C;u
• aid - v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance 'k&?DZ!
• aim - v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose f<y& \'3
• air - n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, that we breathe S N+ S 6
• air force - n. a military organization using airplanes %>Xr5<$:&
• airplane - n. a vehicle with wings that flies sPNfbCOz
• airport - n. a place where airplanes take off and land E(<LvMiCa
• album - n. a collection of recorded music z*
~YLT&
• alcohol - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug or in industrial products _8K%`6!"Z
• alive - ad. having life; not dead V'Y{v
• all - ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount +-068k(
• ally - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose
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• almost - ad. a little less than completely ?SY<~i<
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• alone - ad. separated from others YTY%#"
• along - ad. near or on ("along the road") e/e0d<(1
• already - ad. before now; even now `0BdMKjA
• also - ad. added to; too ^[h2% c$
• although - conj. even if it is true that (0*v*kYdL+
• always - ad. at all times; every time x;$|#]+
• ambassador - n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another government) ~
}KzJiL
• amend - v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law) 24@^{
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• ammunition - n. the bullets or shells fired from guns Ph7pd
• among - ad. in or part of (a group) ui.'^F<
• amount - n. the number, size or weight of anything 7#4%\f+'t
• anarchy - n. a lack of order; lawlessness ;cSGlE |
• ancestor - n. a family member from the past y ~#\#w {
• ancient - ad. very old; long ago t/:w1rw
• and - conj. also; in addition to; with R lg#z4m
• anger - n. a strong emotion against someone or something 4e%8D`/=M
• animal - n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat oW'PO Ar
• anniversary - n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the past , p0KLU\-
• announce - v. to make known publicly; to declare officially A|v P $zy
• another - ad. one more; a different one 2:J,2=%
• answer - n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after being asked a question hYvNcOSks
• any - ad. one or more of no special kind J 9@ }D B
• apologize - v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts responsibility `mErF%b
• appeal - v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call on somebody for help L~MpY{!3
• appear - v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem N~g%wf@w
• appoint - v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge") SMq9j,k
• approve - v. to agree with; to agree to support Zd<[=%d
• archeology - n. the scientific study of past human life and activities ,+-? Zv 2
• area - n. any place or part of it aW`dFitpM
• argue - v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree [-VGArD[k,
• arms - n. military equipment; weapons aF])" 9
• army - n. military ground forces $r"A@69^RS
• around - ad. on every side (of) xKW"X
• arrest - v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner ~PYFYjHC
• arrive - v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip .}p|`3
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• art - n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music, writing or statues 4$i} Xk# 3
• artillery - n. big guns ,I39&;Iq
• as - conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while *tG11gR,&
• ash - n. the part left after something burns n!?r } n8
• ask - v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher questions every day.") Doj(.wm~
• assist - v. to help 6h@
+?{F.
• astronaut - n. a person who travels in space =~",/I?
• astronomy - n. the scientific study of stars and the universe v$JLD t_
• asylum - n. political protection given by a government to a person from another country /hfUPO5
• at - prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon") f
M9xy \.
• atmosphere - n. the gases surrounding any star or planet &E]"c]i+
• attach - v. to tie together; to connect tj#b_ u z
• attack - n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight qz
lER
• attempt - v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort 5*XH6g F
• attend - v. to be present at Cn/q=
• automobile - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car x Zg7Jg
• autumn - n. the time of the year between summer and winter C,3T!\
• average - n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal ( ic@3:xR
• avoid - v. to stay away from lux9o$
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• awake - ad. not sleeping q!@ c_o
• award - n. an honor or prize for an act or service U-ULQ| 6U
• away - ad. not near Y}k y/?q
B c*jr5 Y
• baby - n. a newly born creature 4zwif&
• back - n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward !&6-(q9
• bad - ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good T5V$wmB\W
• balance - v. to make two sides or forces equal =3pD:L
• ball - n. something round fW[_+r]
• balloon - n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas lighter than air .;j"+Ef
• ballot - n. a piece of paper used for voting }Uq/kei^
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• ban - v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction ;wp W2%&
• bank - n. an organization that keeps and lends money {6DpPw^ "
• bar - v. to prevent or block `} ZL'\G
• barrier - n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult R,XD6 ' Q
• base - n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was based on experiments.") VgUvD1v?}
• battle - n. a fight between opposing armed forces y.
%i
• be - v. to live; to happen; to exist vDWr|M%``l
• beat - v. to hit again and again Scf.4~H 0
• beauty - ad. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit 40 rZ~!}
• because - prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.") ^1()W,B~w
• become - v. to come to be P%ye$SASd
• bed - n. a sleeping place =:kiSrBS3t
• before - prep. earlier zCyR<as7
• begin - v. to do the first part of an action; to start xMLrLXy
• behind - ad. at the back of; in back of ya;@<b
• believe - v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust '! #On/
• bell - n. an instrument that makes a musical sound ("a church bell") -<H ri5
• belong - v. to be owned by; to be a member of JB641nv
• below - ad. lower than g6HphRJ5s
• best - ad. the most good ^V_ku@DY
• betray - v. to turn against; to be false to wbn^R'
• better - ad. more good than ;B,nzx(L
• between - ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks between two nations") ^f!Zr
• big - ad. of great size; not small xq8}6Q
• bill - n. a legislative proposal PEK.Kt\M
• biology - n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms <
.y;&a o
• bird - n. a creature that flies '
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• bite - v. to cut with the teeth MH C.k=
• black - ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky nD^{Q [E6=
• blame - v. to accuse; to hold responsible JI28O8
• blanket - n. a cloth cover used to keep warm "FD<^
• bleed - v. to lose blood WK/b=p|#o
• blind - ad. not able to see DKe6? PG
• block - v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement TsoCW ]h
• blood - n. red fluid in the body V,99N' o~x
• blow - v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.") ]b5%?^Z#
• blue - ad. having the color like that of a clear sky |?4~T :
• boat - n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods 8#NIs@DJ
• body - n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal a/wUeW
• boil - v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot ~N)( ^ 4
• bomb - n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy with bombs @S/g,;7"
• bone - n. the hard material in the body H5F\-&cq
• book - n. a long written work for reading }3
fL V
• border - n. a dividing line between nations SaX,^_GY
• born - v. to come to life; to come into existence v
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• borrow - v. to take as a loan - N /8Ho
• both - ad. not just one of two, but the two together GqmDDL1
• bottle - n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid D;1 6}D
• bottom - ad. the lowest part of something f }evw K[S
• box - n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or wood ^VM"!O;h {
• boy - n. a young male person :8 \*)"^E
• boycott - v. to refuse to take part in or deal with 1 Ovx$ *
• brain - n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all creatures Qd&d\w/
• brave - ad. having no fear MX4 :e>dtd
• bread - n. a food made from grain PU]7c2.y
• break - v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy iZDb.9@&t
• breathe - v. to take air into the body and let it out again 8o%<.]
• bridge - n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and vehicles can cross from one side to the other
t ?Nj w7
• brief - ad. short; not long
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• bright - ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color
k=ior
• bring - v. to come with something MI
k #60Ab
• broadcast - v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a radio or television program cAsSN.HFS
• brother - n. a male with the same father or mother as another person rS, * s'G
• brown - ad. having the color like that of coffee [7SI<xkv
• budget - n. a spending plan $h|I7`
• build - v. to join materials together to make something 4:%El+,_Y
• building - n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store or place of entertainment O;& yA<
• bullet - n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun M rH%hRV6R
• burn - v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire gOES2
4$2
• burst - v. to break open suddenly ?=|) n%
• bury - v. to put into the ground and cover with earth K_<lO,[S
• bus - n. a public vehicle to carry people nCSd:1DY
• business - n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade Js^r]= \F'
• busy - ad. doing something; very active -6 7f33
• but - conj. however; other than; yet 1VPN#Q!
• buy - v. to get by paying something, usually money n )wpxR
• by - conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight") kHo;9j-U
C 2!~>)N
• cabinet - n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government _+ R_ms
• call - v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request ("They called for an end to the fighting.") 644hQW&W
• calm - ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense zvQ^f@lq2
• camera - n. a device for taking pictures D .oS8'
• camp - n. a place with temporary housing !~$ YD*" S
• campaign - n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from voters; a connected series of military actions during a war Yf2+@E
• can - v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold liquid or food, usually made of metal =-1^ K
• cancel - v. to end; to stop ][>M<J
• cancer - n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts of the body q%=7<( w
• candidate - n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor 7$d c? K
• capital - n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's government is nF!_q;+Vp
• capitalism - n. an economic system in which the production of most goods and services is owned and operated for profit by private citizens or companies :xUl+(+
• capture - v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; to get control of {
$QF*j
• car - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part of a train 5+Zx-oWq_
• care - v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest &0<R:K ?>N
• careful - ad. acting safely; with much thought 9|kE q>d
• carry - v. to take something or someone from one place to another Ll E_{||h
• case (court) - n. a legal action + EB,7<5<
• case (medical) - n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at the school.") EA@$^e[
• cat - n. a small animal that often lives with humans Uub%s` O
• catch - v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands u>i+R"hi"
• cause - v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result u4 *]jt;H
• cease-fire - n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement HEfA c
• celebrate - v. to honor a person or event with special activities 3b[[2x_UU
• center - n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is the main point of an activity <n2{+eO
• century - n. one hundred years fM[fS?W
• ceremony - n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by tradition +q, n}@y=
• chairman - n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group 'hHX"\|RA
• champion - n. the best; the winner GHsdLe=t0#
• chance - n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen ][K8\
• change - v. to make different; to become different U@t?jTMBkO
• charge - v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in which someone is accused of something tS/AP SY
• chase - v. to run or go after someone or something BHBT=, sI
• cheat - v. to get by a trick; to steal from .$s|T
• cheer - v. to shout approval or praise xbH!:R;
• chemical - n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the science of chemistry E$yf2Q~ k
• chemistry - n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they act under different conditions, and how they form other substances % |Gzht\
• chief - n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important \U =>
• child - n. a baby; a boy or girl 8 P y_Y>
• children - n. more than one child `YU:kj<6
• choose - v. to decide between two or more nsw8[pk
• circle - n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the center, like an "O" UU~;B
• citizen - n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law H.G^!0j;
• city - n. any important large town [&}<! :9'
• civilian - ad. not military |q b92|?
• civil rights - n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all people of a nation Gg
,k
• claim - v. to say something as a fact *E q7r>[
• clash - n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose WD`{kqc
• clean - v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean water") b0Cao
SWo
• clear - ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood :qKY@-t7H
• clergy - n. a body of officials within a religious organization &XTd[_ VW!
• climate - n. the normal weather conditions of a place ~=]@], {
• climb - v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the hands mztq7[&-
• clock - n. a device that measures and shows time 3T^dgWXEG
• close - v. to make something not open; ad. near to MBrVh6 z>
• cloth - n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other substances p"
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• clothes - n. what people wear &y wY?ox
• cloud - n. a mass of fog high in the sky d33Nx)N o
• coal - n. a solid black substance used as fuel ,colGth 54
• coalition - n. forces, groups or nations joined together fszeJS}Dw
• coast - n. land on the edge of the ocean P[K
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• coffee - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name "r3s'\
• cold - ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature nM}` H'0
• collect - v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive ("collect taxes") #mxfU>vQ:
• college - n. a small university Gl:T
• colony - n. land controlled by another country or government eT
Hh
• color - n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown, black, yellow and others &Y2P! \\2
• combine - v. to mix or bring together ``CADiM:S
• come - v. to move toward; to arrive OvG |=
• command - v. to order; to have power over something Y\S^DJy
• comment - v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something '0rwNEg
• committee - n. a group of people given special work nit7|T@^
• common - ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose") |. W;vc <
• communicate - v. to tell; to give or exchange information bncFrzp#o
• community - n. a group of people living together in one place or area K<(sqH
• company - n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes >7Q 7H#~w
• compare - v. to examine what is different or similar 6V
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• compete - v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others ^C
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• complete - ad. having all parts; ended or finished P$(}}@
• complex - ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not simple {627*6,
• compromise - n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less than first demanded POs~xaZ`H
• computer - n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and for communicating with others nmrk-#._@9
• concern - n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be concerned") g+*[CKO{
• condemn - v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad RjHpC7b* %
• condition - n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's health #C}(7{Vt
• conference - n. a meeting FQl|<l6
• confirm - v. to approve; to say that something is true hKYPH?b%
• conflict - n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one IBsn>*ja<
• congratulate - v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck `^{P,N>X
• Congress - n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar organization in other countries $Bb/GXn{\
• connect - v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link 5)6%D
• conservative - n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change n3,wwymQ
• consider - v. to give thought to; to think about carefully ij5YV3
• constitution - n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of government T667&@
• contain - v. to hold; to include < Ifnf 6~
• container - n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something "
z {w^k
• continent - n. any of the seven great land areas of the world N4-J !r@#~
• continue - v. to go on doing or being 4pv
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• control - v. to direct; to have power over q5PYc.E([
• convention - n. a large meeting for a special purpose K4~O x
• cook - v. to heat food before eating it Fwqf 4& /
• cool - ad. almost cold q#Vf2U55m
• cooperate - v. to act or work together 2O/_hv.
• copy - v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look exactly like another ,pz C J@5
• corn - n. a food grain SGm? "esEt
• correct - ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right (=9&" UH
• cost - n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.") #J_i 5KmXJ
• cotton - n. a material made from a plant of the same name 1O4" MeF
• count - v. to speak or add numbers Q2Rj0E`
• country - n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities K-3 _4A s
• court - n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law z^.0eP8\j
• cover - v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put over a person or thing CgC wM=!r
• cow - n. a farm animal used for its milk Z
D(gYNi
• crash - v. to fall violently; to hit with great force L8ke*O$
• create - v. to make; to give life or form to T^_9R
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• creature - n. any living being; any animal or human .&y1gh!=
• credit - n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time 0J~4
• crew - n. a group of people working together &
j43DYw4
• crime - n. an act that violates a law hr5)$qZW
• criminal - n. a person who is responsible for a crime wG
O)!u 4
• crisis - n. an extremely important time when something may become much better or worse; a dangerous situation .E&~]<
• criticize - v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to judge |+;"^<T)l
• crop - n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits and vegetables 8*wI^ *Q
• cross - v. to go from one side to another; to go across zu#o<6E{
• crowd - n. a large number of people gathered in one place 3nO|A: t
• crush - v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely tF|bxXs Z
• cry - v. to express or show sorrow or pain (agdgy:#
• culture - n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population ;/@R{G{+~;
• cure - v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics are a cure for infection.") 9[`6f8S_$
• curfew - n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their businesses }wV rmDh \
• current - n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present time ("She found the report in a current publication.") 9=|5-? ^
• custom - n. a long-established belief or activity of a people =>G A_
• customs - n. taxes on imports q`P:PRgM
• cut - v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce <mN3:G
,P}c92;
D Nu' rn*Y_
• dam - n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water |NI0zd
• damage - v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things ~J|0G6H
• dance - v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually to music nFqMS|EN
• danger - n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss 6{M.S}.^
• dark - ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.") G
Ot @x9
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• date - n. an expression of time; a day, month and year _3hEYeh
• daughter - n. a person's female child gP3[=a"\
• day - n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight zy|hf<V
• dead - ad. not living Z]tz <YSkG
• deaf - ad. not able to hear <W pz\U
• deal - v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.") Oe$C5KA>LW
• debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument |s:!LU&OL\
• debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing LE;c+(CAU
• decide - v. to choose; to settle; to judge FB@G.
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• declare - v. to say; to make a statement (~jOtUyT
• decrease - v. to make less in size or amount _/Hu'9432
• deep - ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom V|7 c dX#H
• defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having lost mU
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• defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect s[hD9$VB>
• deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or imports are greater than exports R
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• define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain 4h|vd.t
• degree - n. a measure of temperature ?IK[]=!
• delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late #r\uh\Cy
• delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another FGC[yz 1g:
• demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force ]]+"`t,-
• democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions R8HFyP
• demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.") ;yr 'K
• denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely ?n}L+|
• deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request B wR)--75
• depend - v. to need help and support ;*8$BuD
• deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness Yv>% 5`
• deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action nk[ixVc
• depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic activity during which many people lose their jobs \Q]7H w<
• describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something DUaj]V{_^
• desert - n. a dry area of land 0ZO!_3m$r
• design - v. to plan or create plans for T5ol2
• desire - v. to want very much; to wish for 7v{Dwg
• destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of ct`89~"
• detail - n. a small part of something; a small piece of information =m UtBD.;
• develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress cY5h6+ _
• device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose eKt~pzXwm
• dictator - n. a ruler with complete power PA Jt M
• die - v. to become dead; to stop living; to end 6]M(ElV1H
• diet - n. usual daily food and drink yTv#T(of
• different - ad. not the same 3{CXIS
• difficult - ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out )KG. :BO<
• dig - v. to make a hole in the ground H8X{!/,^
• dinner - n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official dinner took place at the White House.") L^dF
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• diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another government `2G 0B@
• direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing ("The path is direct.") D KR2b`J
• direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came from or went to n
PE{Gp) }
• dirt - n. earth or soil ta %yQd7
• disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist `#R[x7bA1
• disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb harmless by removing its exploding device &=~Jw5WK
• discover - v. to find or learn something #mFIZMTRd
• discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas EjrK.|I 0
• disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria R10R,*6>
• dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider n H_M#
• dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate 2)-Umq{]{
• dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government OQ&l/|{O0?
• distance - n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance from my house to your house is two kilometers.") G
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• dive - v. to jump into water head first -e(e;e
• divide - v. to separate into two or more parts Zcjh
• do - v. to act; to make an effort .k cyw>T`I
• doctor - n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people ~wvu7
• document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or support of something g%TOYZr!X
• dog - n. a small animal that often lives with humans 1
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• dollar - n. United States money, one hundred cents 9e
BD)tnw
• door - n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room
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• down - ad. from higher to lower; in a low place gamE^E e
• dream - v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future >cJix
1
• drink - v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth 8
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• drive - v. to control a moving vehicle 52ExRG S
• drop - v. to fall or let fall; to go lower 2ci[L:U
• drown - v. to die under water
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• drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind S#k YPe
• dry - ad. not wet; without rain ncrg`<'/,
• during - ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening) qF\w#nG
• dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air r3 qKT
• duty - n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right and just ;6 :9 EEd
E ?8N^jjG
• each - ad. every one by itself ,.Lwtp,n
• early - ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; opposite late 9TX2h0U?
• earn - v. to be paid in return for work done PriLV4?
• earth - n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil 4M#i_.`z
• earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface ":0u%E?s
• ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult %_."JT$v{
• east - n. the direction from which the sun rises q
#mBNe62p
• easy - ad. not difficult; not hard to do Om^(CAp
• eat - v. to take food into the body through the mouth T*:w1*:
• ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and material things }`kiULC'=
• economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized ? X6M8`
• edge - n. the line where something ends or begins f0vO(@I
• education - n. the act of teaching 793 15A
• effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious effect on the economy.") )$RV)
• effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something qg{gCG
• egg - n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal that can develop into a baby }f;WYz 5
• either - ad. one of two, but not the other T% %
0W J
• elect - v. to choose by voting }4p)UX>aWT
• electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light, and power to machines ]!ox2m_U
• embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants n&Ckfo_D
• emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action - w*fS,O
• emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness hw,nA2w\
• employ - v. to give work in return for wages G<M0KU (
• empty - ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything y_ X
jY
• end - v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last V:w%5'^3
• enemy - n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the other side in a war b3E GtC}^
• energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and willingness to be active 23P&n(.
• enforce - v. to make something be done 5CZyA`3V^5
• engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work ~v% 6*9
• engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads h~7#$i
• enjoy - v. to be pleased or satisfied by something "h#R>3I1)
• enough - ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed kL%ot<rt)w
• enter - v. to come or go into N]w_9p~=1
• environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals RI@\cJ\}
• equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights y QClq{A
• equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity "aOs#4N
• escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of U xBd14-R_
• especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.") 2uOYuM[7gH
• establish - v. to bring into existence; to create H}$7c`;q
• estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than complete information
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• ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived I )rO|
• evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas !\X9$4po@
• even - ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the building was destroyed.") 3Do0?~n
• event - n. that which happens, especially something of importance 2
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• ever - ad. at any time f^FFn3
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• every - ad. each one; all m,lZy#02s3
• evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing ?qNU*d
• evil - ad. not good; extremely bad x="Wqcnj{
• exact - ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail Q,[G?vbj
• examine - v. to study closely SLKpl LO
• example - n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like umIGI
• excellent - ad. extremely good ]xQv\u
• except - prep. but for 23wztEp{a
• exchange - v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another 5tYo! f
• excuse - v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes false) for an action _#u\ar
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• execute - v. to kill A`n>9|R
• exercise - n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to stay in good health t>[W]%op
• exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country 17
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• exist - v. to be; to live ( zWBrCX
• expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger =6u@ JpOl
• expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event ~[HzGm%
• expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away <rBW6o7
• experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The experience caused her great pain.") \rS*\g:i
• experiment - v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or false, or to discover something N1$u@P{
• expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training n93q8U6m/U
• explain - v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the meaning T Rv
• explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb QQrldc
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• explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to make a careful search; to examine closely 4>d4g\Z0 L
• export - v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country, usually for sale Q;]JVT1
• express - v. to say clearly UzxL" `^7
• extend - v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time p F{jIXu
• extra - ad. more than normal, expected or necessary C[ L 5H
• extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted <Ht"t]u*Bn
• extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an extreme or violent way 0P$1=oK
F ~CNB3r 5R
• face - n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger |X t.[1
• fact - n. something known or proved to be true #`VAw ) eV
• factory - n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made Sq5,}oT_{j
• fail - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal B[N]=V
• fair - ad. just; honest; what is right w ?ugZYwX*
• fall - v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower position -8 uS#
• false - ad. not true; not correct _%e8GWf
• family - n. the group that includes children and their parents ,Kv6!ib6Q
• famous - ad. known very well to many people 7m2iL#5[
• far - ad. at, to or from a great distance 287j,'vR
• farm - n. land used to grow crops and animals for food t\M6 d6
• fast - ad. moving or working at great speed; quick NNt n
• fat - n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy ZFtx&vr P
• father - n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children 1aAOT6h
• fear - v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.") D_l$"35?
• federal - ad. of or having to do with a national or central government A %^?z.
• feed - v. to give food to vFU p$[
• feel - v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching f Fi=/}
• female - n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women ^T&{ORWz
• fence - n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or out j,OA>{-$
• fertile - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much .\ oz
• few - ad. not many; a small number of
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• field - n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise animals T Cp9C1Q4
• fierce - ad. extremely strong; violent; angry = F \Xt "
• fight - v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; n. the use of force; a battle -5*OSA:8x
• fill - v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for no more lV'?X%
• film - v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with a camera; a movie ?8O5%IrJ
• final - ad. at the end; last n*[ZS[I
• financial - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, investments and banks 02,t
• find - v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.") Yi9 Y`~J
• fine - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. very good; very small or thin [[[C`H@
• finish - v. to complete; to end hJ Sv x
• fire - v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning Z66Xj-o
• firework - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday celebrations LVUA"'6V
• firm - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.") vd%AV(]<LJ
• first - ad. coming before all others 8=D ,`wog
• fish - n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water ~7b# B XzP
• fit - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.") X+ Sqw5rH
• fix - v. to make good or right again Z(q]rX5"
• flag - n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or organization _)j\
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• flat - ad. smooth; having no high places :
i{M1z I
• flee - v. to run away from r`- 8+"P
• float - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water or through air }k.yLcXM
• flood - v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean onto land 1L`V{\_0s
• floor - n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.") 3[Q7'\
• flow - v. to move like a liquid W$ X/8K bn
• flower - n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds X0L \Ewm
• fluid - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid '9QEG/v
• fly - v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to travel in an airplane or flying vehicle #|T"6jJ aQ
• fog - n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close to the ground ;HCK iHC
• follow - v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey Q&0 `(okb
• food - n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength and growth 8GBKFNR 8
• fool - v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a person who is tricked easily #6a!OQj
• foot - n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the ground when a person or animal walks xb i\KT `~
• for - prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be employed by ("She works for a computer company.") |*48J1:1y
• force - v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; military power of a nation; a military group ekY)?$v3
• foreign - ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or country xq.kH| bH
• forest - n. a place of many trees r?u4[
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• forget - v. to not remember tQG'f*4
• forgive - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt 5=*i!c
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• form - v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind ("Swimming is a form of exercise.") +UWv }|
• former - ad. earlier in time; not now Jqzw94
• forward - ad. the direction in front of; toward the front Syseiw
• free - v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost
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• freedom - n. the condition of being free ..Dm@m}
• freeze - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold 8D >5 (Dg-
• fresh - ad. newly made or gathered; recent -J=6)
• friend - n. a person one likes and trusts [ f\Jcjc
• frighten - v. to cause great fear <V) z{uK
• from - prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is suffering from cancer.") ][ "%e9#aX
• front - n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first part KaMg [ G
• fruit - n. food from trees and plants 4r83;3WXs
• fuel - n. any substance burned to create heat or power X2I_ ,k'fQ
• full - ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete FO>!T@0G
• fun - n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness (`slC~"
• funeral - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the dead Id^q!4Th9
• future - n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.") x0)= jp '
G U:99 w
• gain - v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase *.eeiSi{
• game - n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, usually sports cQxUEY(' +
• gas - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns to provide heat, light or power Py #EjF12
• gather - v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect Wm" q8-<<
• general - n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including all or almost all 5nBJ j
• gentle - ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent "5dk e^yk0
• get - v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the owner of A`M-N<T
• gift - n. something given without cost 4$, W\d
• girl - n. a young female person LN (\B:wAY
• give - v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment D^h!
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• glass - n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for windows or for containers to hold liquids WJ-.?
• go - v. to move from one place to another; to leave ,[p pETz
• goal - n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; the end of a trip or race \VEnP=*:W
• god - n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have special powers @D*PO-s9
• gold - n. a highly valued yellow metal w%TrL+v
• good - ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad iku*\ ,6W
• goods - n. things owned or made to be sold LCS.C(n,
• govern - v. to control; to rule by military or political power `-CN\
• government - n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a country, city or area EKcP J\7
• grain - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and corn; those plants that produce the seeds !oXFDC3k
• granddaughter - n. the daughter of a person's daughter or son i rm4lb5
• grandfather - n. the father of a person's father or mother *k #"@
• grandmother - n. the mother of a person's father or mother M `q|GY
• grandson - n. the son of a person's daughter or son "(W ;rl
• grass - n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves Dz$w6 d
• gray - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white K%L6UQ;
• great - ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; important T <>B5G~%
• green - ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having the color like that of growing leaves and grass 4Zu1 G#(zP
• grind - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing u59l) 8=
• ground - n. land; the earth's surface; soil ny+r>>3Td
• group - n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people working for a common purpose <]%6x[
• grow - v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount jK/F zD0-
• guarantee - v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen />8A?+g9u
• guard - v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a prison guard.") u"oO._a(
• guerrilla - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police MC,Qv9
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• guide - v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way !hfpa_5
• guilty - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible for a bad action :+>7m
• gun - n. a weapon that shoots bullets
