中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题 3lzjY.]Pgv
.CGPG,\2
客观题部分 e;L++D
\
d$fi*{
请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上,否则无效! |#9Nu9ak
II. Vocabulary (10 points) r
>bMx~a]
PartA (5 points) Vb^P{F
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices -X+G_rY
marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the Er/h:=
sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across kN (*.Q|VZ
the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1. ~ 8L]!OQ9=
Example: lId}sf
She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ `{w.OK
A. previously B. vLrtually C. primarily D. domestically j}9][Fm1*
The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce |R$V[
domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D. FW*
k O
Sample Answer Ze+p;v
[A] [B] [C] [D] 6S]K@C=r
1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the <u "xHl8Io
present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__ W^j;"qj
patriotism. 2ZTz{|y
A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable S,ZlS<Z#
Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and I`hltJM'
fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts. 7{jB!Xj
A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions Jr|"QRC
3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sBUK v(U)
sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power. S-x'nu$u
A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere U\OfB'Dn
4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife bloe|o!
for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set Pw c)u&
up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them. ,Dh+-
}
A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve vG E;PwR
5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking X}j WNN
15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years. Iv,Ub_Ll9
A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated R<\5q%@G
6. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and KD TG9KC
frustrated thousands of users around the world. wWq(|"
A. genius B. vires C. disease D. bacteria w4:|Z@ I
7. The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of p
I>yO~Ve
competition in schools. $a
/jfpV
A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous D. disproportionate H]]UsY`
8. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his dP[vXhc
grandparents lived. AQ}(v,DOb
A. reconciled B. consolidated [K 5#4k
C. deteriorated D. attributed FE'|wf
9. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to m!'moumL;
practice his Chinese. B7'rbc'
A. passed on B. passed up C. passed by D. passed out K[,d9j`^
10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be G
51l_
distributed. Ca2He}r`
A. paradoxes B. legacies C. platitudes D. analogin $m
hIXA.
Part B (5 points) O {hM
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase W't?aj I|
underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and DfPC@`
k
D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part. Y5dt/8Jo
Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square [ClDKswq
bracket on ANSWER SHEET I. yuef84~
Example: o$4i{BL
The secretary is Very competent; she can finish all these letters within one crwui 8
.. ;.,ca, ODe \Fh#CI
bour. q.}
M^iDe
A. careful B. industrious C. clever D. capable jV|j]m&t
In this sentence, "competent" is closest -;n m e:zting to "capable". Therefore s^&Oh*SP*
you should choose D. $.5f-vQp
Sample Answer nO\c4#ce
[A] [B] [C] [DD] mJ #|~I*Z-
11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional `)aIFAW
roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby. H^d2|E[D
A. depict B. advocate D; criticize D. analyze B=<Z@u
12,. They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their VG=mA4Dd
family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival. .#OD=wkN0
A.confirm B. achieve C.match D exaggerate 4Ou5Vp&y
13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump. for those toxic____ industrial wastes. :>q*#vlb
A. imminent B. recyclable C. smelly D. poisonous cWU9mzsE
i4. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would 5R%4fzr&g
nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction. G u4mP
A. allies B. delegates C. voters D. juries NZQl#ZJH:
15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and =i1+t"=
our own retirement security is ,chilling. RxB9c(s^@
A. frightening B. promising C. freezing D. revealing J1\H^gyW)
16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British }o:sU^Pwa
Crown.
2R`dyg
A. secret plan B. bold attack C. clever design D. joint effort vU9j|z
17. Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous 3 q^^
Os
researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different !uc"|S?
beorefical and political positions. v;ZIqn"
A. trustworthy B. intelligent C. diligent D. meticulous X4$86
18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women isR)^fI|
being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region. +?%LX4Y
A. intriguing B. exasperating: C. demonstrative D. unprovoked YVW`|'7)|
19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up N ]|P||fC
faces for .nocturnal raids in the forest. l\DcXgD
x
A. illegal B. night-time C, brutal D. abusive 50R&;+b
20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a +#RqQ8\
more avid fondness for the limelight, x@Ze%$'
A. mercurial B, gallant C. ardent D. frugal hhr!FQ.+/
III. Cloze (10 points) d) $B
Directions : Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each o/\f+iz7
numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the x&d:V
square bracket on Answer Sheet I. *t_JR
Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, ZQN%!2
___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full- time passion. The J5#shs[M:
two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates mIYM+2p
___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in ,@Ae o9}
April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet. iZ;y(
Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too V6a+VfH
long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on f2,\B6+
Yahoo. +AkMU|6
During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed h7
c
to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the bKac?y~S_
service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community. They developed #Nv)SCc
customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material }~+_|
___32___ on the Intemet. The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for "Yet U%4s@{7
Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle". but Filo and Yang insist they selected k3VRa|Y")
the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo? itself first vE$n0bL2
___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, "akebono", while the search engine was iT,Ya-9"
___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, "Konishiki". 0`~#H1TK
In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication )D8V;g(7F
in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files 2&KM&NX~
___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape. As a result Stanford's
.H7xG'$
computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc. Today, P+
(q38f[
Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers up
)JU [
linked to the web. +I[Hxf ~
1. A. became B. grew C. mm D. intend ]`T*}$|
2. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned hw)#TEt
3. A. in B. on C. about D. fer 353*D%8
4. A. touch ?. contact C. n-ack D. record R|JBzdK+P
5. A. founded E. found C. argued D. reported [`_-;/Gx2
6. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D invaluable 7Ug^aA
7. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted
y8/+kn +
8. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate w)Wg 8
9. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly OiJz?G:m
10. A. relative B. interactive C.bound D. contacted ~ "stI
11. A. fluently B. efficiently C.exactly D. actually Vohd
d
_x
12. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. k^e;V`(
13. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed Y9ipy_@_?
I4. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand
i=aK ?^+
15. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched W*.6'u)9
16. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked ty-erdsP
17. A. over B, away C. inside D. beneath :7 OhplI
18. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. bidden "C'T>^qw*
19. A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal D{G~7P\.
20. A. attains B.detains C. maintains D. contains {"n=t`E)3
IV. Reading Comprehension (20 points) x)OJ?l
Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices O]%Vh
l
marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark apw/nhQ.[
the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the \Rz-*zr&
ANSWER SHEET. \+VQoB/
Passage 1 F,/yK-9
Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break T[+~-D @
babies. TM<;Nj[*n
One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children M\6u4p!G!
spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the ZxU3)`O
length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities +_v#V9?
are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of <EM'
|IR?
the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often }KFM8CbS
result. To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit {1m.d;(1
activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could P-)`FB
gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity. ;|AyP
The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd -'~61=PD
handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements I_
3{i`g
awkward and they lack free motor coordination. The distances between lines on 87q~
nk
a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper
6y
with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the 8G?OZ47k#
borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters J*m~fZ^
within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them R~H +.Vh
refine their skills. CN!~(1v
The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students H0?Vq8I?
who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can >%i]p
remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and =At)?A9[
tell them to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several #B&%Y6E5
airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for xay~fD
not building airplanes. h7cE"m
Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their DhzmC
physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might 8Q\ T,C
decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has 8Y&_X0T|
begun. pu,|_N[xq8
The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and Pe)SugCs
misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The . E
?a
media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read |rwx;+
them while in the center. Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, p n(y4we
the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books ]=?.LMjnH
rather than for talking with other students. `i{p6-U3
In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher 734<X6^1
realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very V6
uh'2
boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, v#b(
0G
such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students E4qQ
and raise their interest in the course. `!l Qd}W
41. The purpose of this passage is to___ )UN_,'H/V
A. inform B. persuade C. debate D. narrate _l{_n2D-
42. Guthrie identified three methods for__ y?ypRCgO.u
A. educating students B. altering bad habits Gc2:^FVlh
C. avoiding undesired action D. forming good hobbies Zx
U?d
43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold Ut
hM?g^
method? ZfnJ&H'
A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the J{e`P;ND
child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it. OSIf>
1
B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young *:8,w?Nt
children and gradually increase session length but not to where students ~w"e 2a
become frustrated or bored. 2*TPW
C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is e1Bqd+
introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting. ^\7GFpc
D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his DQhs tXX
parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys. A1F!I4p5
44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands $<F9;Z
busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over m\@ q2
l-
time. watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than LjPpnjU
snac 'king. What method is used in this example? 'Oa(]Br[
A. The threshold method. B. The fatigue method. FC#t}4as
C. The incompatible response method. D. The punishment method. e7M6|6nb
45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that qv)%)n
A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted |C}= 1
response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes wPl9%
exhausted *nlDN4Y[
B. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a PYr'1D'
response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be DT3koci(
performed simultaneously 5q
_n69b
C. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde , d7o/8u
into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes #BwOWra
a cue for not performing it yQE9S+%M
D. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child !XQ)>T^G5
make response incompatible with unwanted response Mu/hTTiNx
Passage 2 N7-
LgP
The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot PZk"!I<oN
afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive. BQL](Y"
Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign
495A\8#
countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many 1;JH0~403
companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing WP >VQZ&
wralts . vQmqYyOc2
Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international Ti$_V_
advertising. Zb$P`~(%
General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it f[-$##S.~
introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market. "Nova" is Latin for Zqj EVVB
new (star)" and means "star" in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can .svlJSx
sound like "no va", meaning "it doesn't go". Few people wanted to buy a car >r.W \
with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales cBQ+`DXn5c
picked up" dramatically. .x][ _I>
Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. SHRn$<
3ne American food company's friendly "Jolly Green Giant" (for advertising WT jy"p*
,egetables) became something quite different when it was translated into z4 KKt&
Arabic as "Intimidating Green Ogre". N `[ ?db-%
When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, "Come Alive with .~fov8
Pepsi" came out implying "Come Alive from the Grave". No wonder customers Z4369
in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi. 'M,O(utGv
Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good dWiX_&g
ranslafions--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ff X9;51JV
aarketers are to avoid blunders. > *soc!# Y
When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, nJY3 1(p
geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to ;@H:+R+(
capture their target market. UeU`U
For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto Ch73=V
the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The mail ,M=s3D
8C
reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in q``:[Sz
many South American countries. hkx (r5o
Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies Q:8t1ZDo
are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive 2*a5pFkb
to cultural distinctions. 6mV^akapv
fPq)Lx1'
The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who Pxf /*z
understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique v(=E R%
called "back translation" to reduce the possibility of blunders. SE6c3
The process uses one person to translate a message into the target ^/~C\
(
language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture ]E^)d|_
the, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication vrIWw?/z?
of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes | z?
c>.
misunderstandings. z/wwe\ a5
In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot Y6m:d&p=}
and simple. <YvW /x
They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part CIj7'V
of the world may not be so humorous in another. ^w_\D?
46. The best title of this passage might be __ . 395`Wkv
A. Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag f/t`B^}@
B. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations pd-I^Q3-
C. Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries >Q:h0b_$U
D. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles q^h/64F
47. What does the word "blunder" mean in this passage? sQn@:Gk
A. hesitation B. mistake C. stutter D. default ANTWWs}
48. Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from r?/!VO-*N
Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? d;i@9+
A. Cultural shocks B. Faulty translations ~l]g4iEp
C. Avoid cultural oversights D. Prevent blunders 3Scc"9]
49. We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word "ca " most cp6I]#X
probably mean____ (wf3HEb_
A. an animal used in perfume for its smell sfk;c#K
B. a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals `eeA,K_
C. a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals 9I(00t
_
D. an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals mJYD"WgY
50. One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___ V3ExS1fNf
A.fire the translators who don't know the target language. zbj V>5
B.use the technique called "literal translation" to reduce the possibility of
?}#Iu-IA
blunders ?in)kL
C. avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes Z1.v%"/(
D. explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries EI496bsRHm
Passage 3 ;,s9jw
It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in dSe d6
pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive z0Z1J8Qq6.
remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires i8S=uJ]n
are now commonplace. y9.?5#aL
Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a ;SX~u*`R
number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the sG\K$GP!
boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man x"r,l/gzy
with many enemies wi!! be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the !j}L-1*{ l
company he worries about . His business savvy is supposed to be based on |
^G38
intimate knowledge of .his company and the industry .so he goes home nightly eD7qc1*G
with a full briefcase. At the very top - and on the way up - executives are r AE5.Q!u
exceedingly dedicated. VfozqUf
The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him ("{"8
through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured X4{<{D`0t8
individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the | AiMx2
symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading JKy~'>Q
may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. UmY{2 nzY
Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful _07$TC1
socializing. p$uPj*
These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to "keep V7.g,
the old heart in shape" and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, M93*"jA
and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of #2Iag'4T
the running. But his doctor's admonition to "take it easy" falls on deaf eyes. He e\O-5hp7
likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels. #sxv?r
Corporate head-hunting, carried on by "executive search fares," is a %ZX9YuXQ
growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and a=`]
L`|N
aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each (=%0$
(S>
other's managerial ranks. -m@PqJF^
51. We can infer from the second paragraph that___ 'GT^araz
A. promotion depends on amiability *,IK4F6>:
B. chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level w`=O
'0d
C. it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his -*i_8`
subordinates 53gLz_
ee
D. a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the V )1.)XC
industry P+=m.
52. The term "aerobic exercise" (fa'st line in second last paragraph) is a kind Of h(<>s#=E
____ '5LdiS
k
A. hallucination exercise JgA{1@h
B. physical exercise
+cSc0:
C. meditation exercise d4*
SfzB
D. entertainment kkWv#,qwU
53. From the last paragraph we can gather that ____ &1R#!|h1W
A. there are too many aggressive executives |cgjn*a?M
B. individual talent is not essential for a company tfZ@4%'
C. the job of an "executive search rum" is corporate head-hunting =J)<Nx.gA
D. it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial 3ce$eZE
ranks Ff(};$/&W
54. For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a pl where m#Z&05^
________ {Dk!<w I)
A. they can conduct their business %ut8/T
B. they can indulge themselves ft1#f@b.
C. they can cultivate their mind 6h2keyod
D. they can exercise as well as socialize
Dmr*Lh~
55. What is NOT tree according to the article? rq4g~e!S
A. Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings. af %w|M
B. Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation. Nw$OJ9$L>
C. All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year. At?|[%<`
D. Executives are careful of what they eat. Q;w[o
Passage 4 PfRA\
In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together withsome of his fanatical v/9ZTd
followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society WhiCh. he had four, dod in mL2J
1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed @#OL{yMy
with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding HI 1T
general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech. Mishima }DS%?6}Sy
addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the iD G&