中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题 ^Kl*}
9 ^8_^F
客观题部分 kxR!hA8wv4
=
c1
>ja
请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上,否则无效! 4M!wm]n/%5
II. Vocabulary (10 points) XgyLlp;,O
PartA (5 points) OrF.wcg
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices P'o]#Az
marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the v$xurj:v#i
sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across |S~$IFN4
the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1. +tlBOl$
Example: >xA(*7
She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ (w#)|9Cxm
A. previously B. vLrtually C. primarily D. domestically M(yWE0 3
The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce m?gGFxo
domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D. *Z\AO'h=Z
Sample Answer Ly/
[A] [B] [C] [D] @FZ_[CYg
1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the *&I
_fAh]
present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__ .'. bokl/
patriotism. h:|BQC
A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable ll[&O4.F
Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and yJ`{\7Uqg
fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts. `A5n6*A7
A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions [c -|`d^
3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it `Kn+d~S4
sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power. >6
[d&SM6
A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere {2QP6X sJ
4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife k7{|\w%
for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set _mk@1ft
up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them. a\~118 !
A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve p] N/]2rR
5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking `>b,'u6F
15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years. KX3A|
A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated yyk@f%
6. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and X&| R\v=}
frustrated thousands of users around the world. 717G
CL@
A. genius B. vires C. disease D. bacteria Jh<s '&FR
7. The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of X h}D_c
competition in schools. X$@qs9?)^
A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous D. disproportionate XPZ8*8JL
8. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his 49<t2^1q
grandparents lived. 6|{&7=1t
A. reconciled B. consolidated VXlAK(
C. deteriorated D. attributed )v11j.D
9. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to ywkRH
practice his Chinese. U* c'xoP
A. passed on B. passed up C. passed by D. passed out C(h Td%
10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be [)dIt@Y&j
distributed. F |R7hqf
A. paradoxes B. legacies C. platitudes D. analogin _ WPt
zL
Part B (5 points) $duT'G, -
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase g oyQ',+
underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and ~IWdFUKk
D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part. I} 5e{jBB
Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square ~(yW#'G
bracket on ANSWER SHEET I. /#&jF:h
Example: ;Zj(**#H
The secretary is Very competent; she can finish all these letters within one arRU` 6?
.. ;.,ca, ODe _Y/*e<bU
bour. =J]E
VD
A. careful B. industrious C. clever D. capable ~K;hXf
In this sentence, "competent" is closest -;n m e:zting to "capable". Therefore 2/tx5Nc
you should choose D. CY{!BV'
Sample Answer tLN^k;w
[A] [B] [C] [DD] ;m>/tD%
11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional ~e]
B[>PT
roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby. tPN CdA
A. depict B. advocate D; criticize D. analyze ^k$Bx_{
12,. They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their b SgbvnJ
family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival. }{=}^c"t'
A.confirm B. achieve C.match D exaggerate J~ome7L
13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump. for those toxic____ industrial wastes. )bL(\~0g~
A. imminent B. recyclable C. smelly D. poisonous yzT1Zg_ER
i4. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would o|y_j49
nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction. vr{|ubG]d
A. allies B. delegates C. voters D. juries -y|']I^ &
15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and )!cucY
our own retirement security is ,chilling. p~=z)7%e'
A. frightening B. promising C. freezing D. revealing 7CSz
16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Hm!"%
Crown. Uf]$I`T#
A. secret plan B. bold attack C. clever design D. joint effort 2p#d
17. Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous 1%R${Qhr
researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different m[Ihte->
beorefical and political positions. MN5}}@
A. trustworthy B. intelligent C. diligent D. meticulous wbcip8<t
18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women x=L"qC9f/
being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region. $BgaLJs/O
A. intriguing B. exasperating: C. demonstrative D. unprovoked #a~BigZ[G
19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up f(eXny@Y
faces for .nocturnal raids in the forest. 5
S
!j$_(
A. illegal B. night-time C, brutal D. abusive #>\SK
20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a S{8-XiL,
more avid fondness for the limelight, +l/kH9m
A. mercurial B, gallant C. ardent D. frugal 9
xq3>(
III. Cloze (10 points) WN%,
Directions : Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each <T)0I1S
numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the &{glwVKV
square bracket on Answer Sheet I. r(Z?Fs/
Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, z;e@m2.IM
___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full- time passion. The xoj,> [7 D
two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates bV2a2#kj
___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in "nfi:A1
April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet. x7^VU5w#
Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too r#1W$~?>
long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on w/*#TDR
Yahoo. cC/32SmY4
During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed u$zRm(!RB
to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the Sw; kUJ
service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community. They developed I ~YV&12
customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material j7a}<\
___32___ on the Intemet. The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for "Yet CMbID1M3
Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle". but Filo and Yang insist they selected 4I2:"CK06
the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo? itself first lfCr`[!E
___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, "akebono", while the search engine was z^T;d^OJc
___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, "Konishiki". 4VeT]`C^h
In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication D*VO;?D
in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files o@dTiQK_
___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape. As a result Stanford's W)D?8*
computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc. Today, )eZ}Kt+
Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers ??P\v0E
linked to the web. d/Wp>A@dob
1. A. became B. grew C. mm D. intend =L1%gQJJ&
2. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned L;vglS=l;
3. A. in B. on C. about D. fer >7cj.%
4. A. touch ?. contact C. n-ack D. record tl* v(ZW
5. A. founded E. found C. argued D. reported -}sMOy`
6. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D invaluable $0P16ZlPC
7. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted ''q;yKpaz
8. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate )G, S7A
9. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly ;=^J_2ls
10. A. relative B. interactive C.bound D. contacted NJd4( P
11. A. fluently B. efficiently C.exactly D. actually $6 Hf[(/ e
12. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. c2:,
13. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed >c
Tt2v
I4. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand [okV[7
15. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched sm G?y~
16. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked W
L'!M&h
17. A. over B, away C. inside D. beneath i,Z-UA|f=T
18. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. bidden s[UV(::E
19. A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal c w)J+Lyh
20. A. attains B.detains C. maintains D. contains + `'wY?
IV. Reading Comprehension (20 points) ]g oVQ'Y
Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices .`J*l=u$
marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark H=WB6~8)
the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the n!X%i+|4x
ANSWER SHEET. o.|36#Fa
Passage 1 ?/hS1yD;
Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break n[y^S3}%;
babies. =x(k)RTDu
One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children rP"Y
.;s
spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the }7{(o-
length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities mAIl)mq|g
are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of S7cD}yx*[
the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often (k"0/*F4_
result. To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit 7T!t*sSO'
activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could #_3-(H5u
gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity. 3|G~_'`RLt
The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd asp\4-?$o
handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements w
kPomTO
awkward and they lack free motor coordination. The distances between lines on I3x+pa^]2
a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper "iK'O =M
with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the
|rhB@k
borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters &,l7w K
within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them 9T`YHA'g
refine their skills. &lzCRRnvt
The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students f1o^:}5x
who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can F60m]NUM)c
remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and l#+@!2z
tell them to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several i \lr
KA
airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for Z.aeE*Hs$
not building airplanes. |Df`Aq(eYJ
Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their t I9p2!
physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might
~Z#\f5yv@
decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has | -Gb Hfz
begun. duCXCX^n
T
The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and C^U>{jf !
misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The += gU`<\
media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read >w\3.6A
them while in the center. Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, Yc5)
^v
the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books w5Ucj*A\
rather than for talking with other students. w/(2fU (
In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher y{tM|
realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very $"Ci{iE
boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, su8()]|0x
such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students [,z>msEB.
and raise their interest in the course. W7 T2j+]
41. The purpose of this passage is to___ /KO2y0`
A. inform B. persuade C. debate D. narrate 9Z3Y, `R,
42. Guthrie identified three methods for__ "!Hm.^1
A. educating students B. altering bad habits
/zir$
C. avoiding undesired action D. forming good hobbies 5* ~EdT
43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold GN|xd+O_
method? :+fW#:
A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the Nb>C5TjR
child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it. Thp!X/2O`
B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young +/#Lm#*nu%
children and gradually increase session length but not to where students FJ
sg3D*@J
become frustrated or bored. K!!#";Eo
C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is If@%^'^ON=
introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting. re@OPiXa v
D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his Novn#0a
parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys. m&6)Vt
44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands }/%^;@q ;
busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over =l}XKl->
time. watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than $-mwr,i
snac 'king. What method is used in this example? nrz2f7d$
A. The threshold method. B. The fatigue method. Jn1(-
C. The incompatible response method. D. The punishment method. p=f8A71
45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that +H3;{ h9,
A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted qMcOSZ%8J
response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes :k oXS
exhausted Hl*/s
B. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a $4rMYEn08
response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be um
mkAeWb
performed simultaneously E&2mF
g
C. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde "]1|
%j
into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes P&8QKX3
j^
a cue for not performing it c_.4~>qw
D. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child L
t.Vo
make response incompatible with unwanted response `F' >NNY
Passage 2 X!/
The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot /m+\oZ
]d
afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive. ^CQVqa${]
Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign sT% ^
W
countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many ^-pHhh|g
companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing Uz;
pNW
Mk
wralts . '?v-o)X
Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international SRpPLY{:F
advertising. C\C*'
l6d
General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it Zjkrne{
introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market. "Nova" is Latin for 'hH3d"a^=
new (star)" and means "star" in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can *Z=:?4u
sound like "no va", meaning "it doesn't go". Few people wanted to buy a car ,aQ{
with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales /?g:`NT
picked up" dramatically. IA?v[xu
Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. M?zwXmTVW0
3ne American food company's friendly "Jolly Green Giant" (for advertising 9 54O=9PQ
,egetables) became something quite different when it was translated into \4pWHE/
Arabic as "Intimidating Green Ogre". Z4'8x h)-
When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, "Come Alive with A +J&(7N
Pepsi" came out implying "Come Alive from the Grave". No wonder customers G^=C#9c.m
in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi. [qGj*`@C
Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good R#i{eE*WF
ranslafions--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ff ,"Nfo`7
aarketers are to avoid blunders. NU?05sF
When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, MehMhH
Y
geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to 3BWYSJ|
capture their target market. :#=XT9
For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto uzpW0(_i3a
the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The mail )cd5iE:FO
reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in BYBf`F)4
many South American countries. %qf ?_2v
Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies _R?:?{r,
are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive LmQS;/:
to cultural distinctions. $8"G9r
chr^
>%Q_
The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who p Y[dJxB
understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique vUU)zZB~
called "back translation" to reduce the possibility of blunders. 4)XZ'~|
The process uses one person to translate a message into the target sF`ELrR \
language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture ^
YLk&A)X
the, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication .+ w#n<
of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes CtO `t5
misunderstandings. KPcOW#.T
In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot 1D/
9lR,
and simple. x&SG gl
They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part 'nO%1BZj+
of the world may not be so humorous in another. mrgieb%
46. The best title of this passage might be __ . "`jey)&H*M
A. Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag _Bp{~-fO
B. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations SQ_w~'(
C. Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries nYc8+5CcK'
D. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles */ ~_ 3
47. What does the word "blunder" mean in this passage? Y%B:IeF}
A. hesitation B. mistake C. stutter D. default [Pnk@jIk4
48. Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from l,pI~A`w_
Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? \
LQ?s)~
A. Cultural shocks B. Faulty translations +l "z
C. Avoid cultural oversights D. Prevent blunders MY[QYBkn}
49. We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word "ca " most #H;yXsR`
probably mean____ #BK3CD(&
A. an animal used in perfume for its smell GjmPpKIu\
B. a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals rk$$gXg9/
C. a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals 2th>+M~A
D. an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals dZ1/w
0<M2
50. One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___ 0pYCh$TL1
A.fire the translators who don't know the target language. _|!FhZ
B.use the technique called "literal translation" to reduce the possibility of S8{S b>
blunders nsRZy0@$t
C. avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes O$2= Z
D. explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries nbVlP
Passage 3 ?G48GxJ
It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in vUX(h.}8
pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive LZ97nvK
remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires &rcC7v K9
are now commonplace. H
R/"Nwr
Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a A1mxM5N
number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the X/5\L.g2
boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man &_