填空题常考结构 "]oO{'1X
%STliJ
一、主句单一原则 nl(WJKq'
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 6'kS_Zu{<
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 YY&l?*M<
D\@m6=L
例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form.
+Vo}F
(A) They occur where they are KhCzD[tf
(B) Occuring where oq4}3bQ
(C) Where they occur uch>AuF:
(D) Where do they occur Tn eq6>
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 :(a]V"(&Eq
C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 !
iptT(2
Aub]IO~
例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center $we]91(::
(A) Fort Wayne 4q'B<7{Q
(B) Although Fort Wayne &?uz`pv2
(C) For wayne is in UK$ms~H
(D) Fort Wayne, in ^ K7ic,{
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。 JOb*-q|y
:}h>by=
t~e<z81p
二、谓语动词专一原则 b{d4xU8'
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 bn(`O1r[(
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 &-czStQ
"+z?x~rk
例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” ~%/Wupf
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with ari7 iF~j
social issues. 'qArf
(A) covers .fi/I
(B) covers it ( 7ws{)
(C) which covers ]Ni;w]KE
(D) which it covers jYVE8Y)my
分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句 xr qv@/kJ
F,GN[f-
g|Y] wd
例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused {/LZcz[
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on 6AvHavA^Y
the paper. R*zO
dxY
(A) the impression is KQld YA|m
(B) if the impression is R//$r%a
(C) impressions X 6lH|R
(D) the impression >sD4R}\})
分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。C为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词is的数不一致,故也排除。因此选择D,caused.... 修饰impression Vvt ;
三、平行结构 R0;efD
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。 joXfmHB}
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: J9%@VZut
A and B, 451'>qS
A , B, and C T;\^#1
tfkr+
/
例1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- +'#oz+
is known as accounting. ukuo:P<a
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary 'PlaM Oy
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's C;Ic
transactions /}5B&TZ=(3
(C) transactions of an enterprise are V5D2\n3A
summarized V%CUMH =U
(D) summarizing the transactions of an p|XAlia
enterprise t~M
$%)h
分析:空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。 -Dzsa
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 b!$ }ma;B
/.V0ag'G
例2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed G
Z}/leR
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and ohc1 ~?3b
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on F9XT
lA
human patients. :a3LS|W
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in -NM0LTF
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures :WXf.+IA
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures
?RD *1
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull 2H[)1|]l
fractures noA-)
分析:空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 *j*Du+
+nZRi3yu=
四、宾语从句结构 Ff"gadRXd
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 h(xP_Svj>
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: oEzDMImJ5
state(陈述,表明)+that MV+i{]
indicate(指明,表明)+that #i@h{R01
t6u-G+}
例1:The quantum theory states --, such as light,
Iao[Pyk
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite a0d
,
units called quanta or photons. c<qe[iyt/
(A) energy that PHR#>ZD
(B) that it is energy UR>_)*
(C) it is energy Ao`_",E
(D) that energy t.3\/
分析:空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句,故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此D正确。 INLf# N
%yw=[]Vjze
O@`J_9
例2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth 5u pShtC
indicate--yield when unusual weight is Hptq,~_t
placed on them. ~PUsgL^
(A) although its crust and mantle q0|ZoP
(B) its crust and mantle to SL*DK.
(C) that its crust and mantle Rkv
(D) for its crust and mantle to 8*k oxS
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B)使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 92(~'5Qr
五、介词+ which结构 xT+
;w[s
许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 XIN5a~[z*
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, 7ti<
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 M7U:g}
}B*,mn2
N
“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, |M _%QM.
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 fB[\("+
.q0AoM
例1:In the United States, a primary election is Z]e4pR6!
a method ---- voters select the nominees 5)x6Q|-u
for public office. 4 f3=`[%
(A) that t!l/` e%J
(B)by which :D^Y?
(C)is that 7n<#y;wo
(D)by those J2Y 3er
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除C和D。 ,?
#*eJD
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰method是不通的。 S^)WYF5
B是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….);正确 H&u4v2
w2KWa-BO
例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players sMN>wbHwh[
hit wooden balls through wire arches called p( HyRCH
wickers. S--/<a2
(A) when b3P9Yoj-
(B) which wFn@\3%l`
(C) is when {4o\S
(D) in which 3[,wMy"
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。但是到底是选择B还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择D, 关系代词which 前应该有介词。 %h3L
)Xq@v']%~9
六、in that结构 y`\mQ48V
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, tru;;.lj8K
because of +名词, (q~R5)D
consequently是副词 P} +2>EU
而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 e!.7no
^l&nB