博士论文写作套路笔记总结

议论文三要素：论点、论据、论证 =~q$k  
X#X/P  
考试类型有三类： +Edq4QYwR  
xg;F};}5$  
一、 表明观点型 !)`m mr  
直接表明观点 >=3oe.$)  
在两个观点中选择一个进行表达 +}BKDEb  
9 q2x}  
二、 比较分析型 s|R`$+'{  
比较两个立场之后确定自己的立场 D$`$4mX@hP  
O1oh,~W  
三、 原因/结果型 2TQ<XHA\  
讨论某一现象的根源或者其后果 Z0M|Bv9_  
.RbPO#(  
真题分析： NQN?CBFQ  
-r[O_[g w  
表明观点： `
/(9#E  
97/Explain the roles that scientists ?~oc4J*>(  
play in society. -R`nitf  
$$'[ %  
2002.3/With her entry into the WTO, China iq5-eJmq  
is being plunged into an international c >xHaA:V  
competition for talents, and in particular, for %KR2Vlh0  
higher level talents. To face this new challenge, Z{_YH7_  
china must do something, among other things, mqiCn]8G  
to reform her graduate (postgraduate) ~;oaW<"  
education system. State your opinion about = @ 1{LF;  
this reform, and give the solid supporting <"7Wb"+  
details to your viewpoint. @680.+Kw  
U<"k-  
2003/10 My idea of professional ethics for nDz.61$[  
a scientist. ~{t<g ;F  
3WPZZN<K9  
2001/科大 Write an article of about 300 tjcsT>  
words in which you explain the value of }?9A:&  
education. 4@Bl 1b [<  
gdg "g6b  
99/To what extent should university courses be \ns} M3  
geared to the economic needs of the society? ye4GHAm,p  
Discuss. sLc,Dx"+  
`F_R J.g*p  
2002/10 As a young scientist, which life would perhR!#J  
you prefer to live: common or uncommon? D*g K,`  
Why? GFvLd:p` [  
cEGR?4z  
98/ In China more and more young couples Y,-!QFS#  
living in the city prefer to live a life without pwA~?$B1  
children. Do you support this idea or not? 7Liy
A<  
Please comment and state your viewpoint. jEL"Q?#  
,2mq}u>WU  
比较分析： 1
;Uc-<  
!#PA#Q|cO  
99/To what extent should university courses be b{.Y?.U  
geared to the economic needs of the society? `6v24?z  
Discuss. H?;@r1ZAn  
'N\nJz}  
2002/10 As a young scientist, which life would D&D-E~b^  
you prefer to live: common or uncommon? ?v&2^d4C*F  
Why? HE+
D]7^  
Qa" 4^s  
98/ In China more and more young couples hSaw)g`w  
living in the city prefer to live a life without {#z[iiB  
children. Do you support this idea or not? SOluTFxUw  
Please comment and state your viewpoint. zT'(I6S:)  
b6@0?_n  
附加/The advantages and disadvantages K"Gea`I  
of internet SfPtG  
+ux`}L(  
附加/The advantages and disadvantages A9z3SJ\vXl  
of cell phones v3cLU7bi?2  

nE4rB\  
附加/The advantages and disadvantages fbkAu  
of college enrollment expansion R xc  
M%5_~g2n'\  
原因/结果： eH%
i8a  
99/What do you think the self detached 9} ]C  
from the social and cultural context? v1 f^gde  
uIR   
附加/What do you think of the tendency that afjEN y1  
cities are becoming bigger and bigger. #,OiZQJC  
F/"lJ/I  
附加/What do you think of the phenomenon vyT-!m C  
that raising pets is becoming more and more 0kaMYV?  
popular in today’s society. %/R[cj8  
u89Q2\z~"M  
附加/What effects that popularity of |Rb8/WX  
computer knowledge will bring about? +l<;?yk:;  
;kD Rm'(  
实例分析： * K0aR!  
LqS_%6^  
表明观点： }L>0}H  
#YSFiy:+r_  
直接表明： ,+FiP{`  
Is failure a bad thing P} Y .  
It is unlikely that one does not fail to do !)FKF7'  
something in his life because no one can t5EYu*  
overcome the limitations in him. Sometimes I%CrsEo  
we cannot make an achievement though we M?I^`6IOc8  
have worked hard, for we have no chance of O*c<m,  
success. Therefore, failure is quite common in )yS8(F0  
life and career. ;6*$!^*w  
FMC]KXSd  
phone }zrapL"9X  
The popularity of telephone makes more _Pn 1n  
and more people rarely write to their |^OK@KdL1  
families or friends, for a call seems able I~,bZA  
to do everything. Since a phone is so direct <BK?@Xy  
and convenient, why not make full use of it?
Ce} m_  
i\k Db=  
Work and play zEw~t&:e  
“There are twenty-four hours in a day. Some FPu$Nd&\  
for work some for play.” This is the first poem NBA`@K~4  
I have learned in English many years ago. I iK8jX?  
can still remember it today, not only because it cuL/y$+EY  
is easy to recite but also because there is ?3<Y/Vg%c  
something there. This is quite true because we j)#GoU=w  
human beings, unlike machines, have flesh and j2mMm/kq\  
blood, soul and feelings. We cannot work all %{0F .  
the time without any form of play. `k(m2k?  
X#o;`QM  
比较之后表明： IaO*{1re  
W?n/>DML  
With the development of the living `)Y 5L}c=  
standard, some Chinese families can afford a N[N4!k )!$  
private car. Yet opinions of the development of *?+2%zP  
private cars vary from person to person. Some u/FC\xJc  
claim that there are many advantages in owning "e/"$z'ca  
a car, others strongly object to developing !
p_l(@f  
private cars. In my opinion, a private car can 1yTw*vH F  
bring us a lot of conveniences. YB(8 T"  
P1<McQ  
With the development of the living standard, ScRK1  
some Chinese families can afford a private car. bG+Gg*0p  
Yet opinions of the development of private ^Zlbs goZ  
cars vary from person to person. Some claim  ".?y!VY  
that there are many advantages in owning a o%K1!'  
car, others strongly object to developing CS0q#?  
private cars. In my opinion, there are many 0UQ DB5u  
good reasons against owning a car.