(2)动词have第三人称用has,其余人称都用have。 U:J /\-
(3)第三人称单数需要在动词词尾加-s或-es。 F61+n!%8
2)基本用法 :S#eg1y.w]
(1)用于表示客观真理、科学事实或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态,常用的时 l;XUh9RF`A
间标志是:often, always, sometimes, usually, every day ( week, month, year, morning ) , |%n|[LP'
seldom等。例如: 7Zhli Y1
The sun rises in the east. 7jhl0
He usually goes to work by bus. ozT._C
The Jones always go to church on Sunday. 69N1 mP
(2)表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常用的词有:go, be, start, arrive, stay等。例 'Dnq+
如: Ua}g
The plane arrives in Beijing this afternoon. X5|?/aR}
The project starts early this year. (2n3exx
There is a conference tonight. gX/|aG$a!U
(3)由if, when 引导的条件和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: Mf!owpW
T
When you see him, please say hello to him for me. ]eY Qio!
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. jY1^+y{
2 、一般过去时 7$;c6_se
1)构成:动词过去式 ^XtHF|%0T
2)基本用法 ^Z#<tN;
用于表示过去某一时刻或时期内发生的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有: FI80vV7
yesterday, then, later, next day, just now, a moment ago,ago, last year (week, month)或由 ag|9$
when, while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。例如: IO?~b X P
He died five years ago. bfcD5:q
In those days we sowed the wheat by hand. :0i#=ODR
He has given up smoking, but a year ago he jJiCF,m
smoked 100 cigarettes a week. DK2c]i^|=
When he was a child, he sold newspapers for a living. A0'tCq]?0
3 、一般将来时 ,Gf+
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1)构成 5<0Yh#_
will +动词原形 :/I={)5
2)基本用法
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用于表示将来的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有:the day after tomorrow in等。 gME:\ud$
例如:They will have a final examination this afternoon. Py( w T%w
3)表示将来时的其他形式 F5b]/;|
(1) “be going to + 动词原形”表示很快就要发生的 事或打算要做的事或有迹象表 f)!{y>Q
明即将发生的事。例如: dA3`b*nC
The director is going to call on a meeting to discuss it. ,58kjTM
(2) “be to +动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止或 &k {t0>
可能性。例如: 476M` gA
The Prime Minister is to speak on TV tonight. ePFC$kMn
(3) “be + 现在分词”表示一个最近按计划或安排要 进行的动作,常用于表示位 mo
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置转移的词,如go, come,arrive,leave, start等,或其他动词。例如: O;.d4pO(tC
We're leaving on Friday. @)FXG~C*
They're moving to another hotel the day after tomorrow. aTsy)=N
(4)“be about + 动词原形”表示即将做某事。可译 成汉语“将要,正要”。例如: >Kqj{/SWK
He is about to retire. o
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4 、现在进行时 W"DxIy
1)构成:由 “am, is, are + 现在分词”构成。 `s]zk {x
2)基本用法 6'X.[0M
(1) 用于此刻正在进行的动作。例如: <{P^W;N7
What are you doing ? I'm writing a report. /3b
ca !O
Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you. $(!D/bvJ
(2) 与always, continually, constantly, for ever等频度副词连用,表示某种带有感情色彩 M 2U@gC|{
(赞叹、抱怨、厌烦等)的现阶段经常发生的动作。例如: |Cxip&e>
He is constantly complaining about his job. RaJ}>e
She’s always borrowing and forgetting to pay me back. #6#BSZ E
5 、现在完成时 $T@xnZ
1)构成: 由“have / has 十过去分词”构成。 tue%L]hc
2)基本用法 oBGst t@
表示动作已经完成或刚刚完成或过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,而且可能持续下 pR^Y|
NG!
去。常用的时间标志词有:already, before, ever, just, once, recently, yet 等或由since ps4Wwk(
引导的短语或从句和for引导的表示一段时间的短语。例如: AF{7<v>/P
We’ve just back. [sh"?
We have studied English for more than ten years. `qy6qKl
N
He has lived here since 1995. Ny&Fjzl
I have played the piano since 1 came to England. EIl$"^-
Have you booked your hotel yet E;+OD&|
注意:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 kA9 X!)2w
(1)过去与现在的关系 ($ 1<Dj:
这两种时态都表示过去发生过的动作,但前者强调的是过去的动作对现在的影 3qwYicq,
响,后者只表示过去某一时间发生过的动作而与现在无关,即不强调该动作对现在 $9u
造成的影响。 s9Q)6=mE
(2)时间状语不同 X;[zfEB
一般过去时带有明确的表示过去时间的状语,现在完成时带有already, yet, just, 8 H"f9S=K
ever, never 等表示不定时间的状语以及表示到现在为止这段时间的状语,如 up till d?+oT0pCH
now, so far, recently, this morning ( week, term ) 等。例如: kl<B*:RqH
I have just opened the door.(现在门是开着的。) "rlSK >`
I opened the door just now. ( open 只是过去发生的一个动作,门现在不一定是 zk_hDhg&'
开着的。) %}AY0fg?T
6 、过去进行时 ~{tZ
;YZ
1)构成:由“was / were +现在分词”构成。 NCh(-E
2)基本用法 7bW!u*v-c
表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。其时间标志是:带有表示过去时间的状语从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间。例如: x@RA1&c
I was reading a newspaper when he came in last night. oL/^[TXjH
They were having a meeting at this time yesterday. jQBdS. }'v
7 、过去完成时 8$xKg3-3M
1)构成:由“had 十过去分词”构成。 ,(Hmk(,
2)基本用法 <("w'd}
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,表示的是“过去的过去”。常用的 vpw&"?T
时间标志是by, before 等介词或连词引导的短语或从句。例如: FH5 bC6
I had just finished the work when Peter phoned me yesterday morning ^XB8A=xi
The plane had taken off when we got to the airport. :[rKSA]@
The boy had chased the cow away before it did more damage. COJ!b
8 、过去将来时 U[ungvU1U
1)构成:由“should/would +动词原形”构成。 J^a"1|
2)基本用法 Tsp-]
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表示过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况,通常用于主句谓语动词是一般过去 ;GEu.PdxB
时的宾语从句中。例如: NjyIwo0
He said he would stop smoking next month. e{+{,g{iu
We wanted to know when the English class would begin. :|mkI#P.
9 、将来完成时 c\ *OId1{;
1)构成:由“shall (will) + have + 过去分词”构成。 32FGDM
2)基本用法 D}U<7=\3H
表示将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。例如: -Dm
.z16
By this time next year I will have opened my first book store. [$Bb'],k
Hurry up! Otherwise the train will have left before we get to the station. h4i$z-!
10 、现在完成进行时 V-r<v1}M
1)构成 bbkI}d%(Ng
2)基本用法 JU.%;e7
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作,这个动作可能还会继续下去或是 ng*E9Puu[
到说话的时候刚刚结束,但强调到说话时为止动作一直进行着。常常与表示一段时间的 xAE@cwg
状语连用。例如: B\&