(2)动词have第三人称用has,其余人称都用have。 d
4b 9rtM
(3)第三人称单数需要在动词词尾加-s或-es。 Ry3+/]
2)基本用法 >lUBt5gU
(1)用于表示客观真理、科学事实或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态,常用的时 1EKcD^U,
间标志是:often, always, sometimes, usually, every day ( week, month, year, morning ) , 9:bh3@r/
seldom等。例如: dt`9RB$
The sun rises in the east. <1;,B%_^
He usually goes to work by bus. 9^6|ta0;0
The Jones always go to church on Sunday. w`H.ey
(2)表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常用的词有:go, be, start, arrive, stay等。例 7j9D;_(.^$
如: 0X] ekq
The plane arrives in Beijing this afternoon. WZ-4^WM=!
The project starts early this year. D#vn {^c8O
There is a conference tonight. @d8&3@{R^
(3)由if, when 引导的条件和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: gb!@OZ c
When you see him, please say hello to him for me. .y/NudD
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. d/ 'A\"o+
2 、一般过去时 3&drof\{
1)构成:动词过去式 >/*?4
2)基本用法 Pj1K
用于表示过去某一时刻或时期内发生的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有: mh!N^[=n
yesterday, then, later, next day, just now, a moment ago,ago, last year (week, month)或由 ?~]1Gd
when, while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。例如: nzQYn
He died five years ago. ($[r>)TG
In those days we sowed the wheat by hand. ~PU1vbv9T
He has given up smoking, but a year ago he [9YlLL@
smoked 100 cigarettes a week. dy8In%
When he was a child, he sold newspapers for a living. eMpEFY
3 、一般将来时 *pS7/Qe
1)构成 5'{qEZs^QU
will +动词原形 PpJE|[]
2)基本用法 \>aa8LOe
用于表示将来的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有:the day after tomorrow in等。 &2<
&X( )
例如:They will have a final examination this afternoon. N%n1>!X)!
3)表示将来时的其他形式 c4qp3B_w
(1) “be going to + 动词原形”表示很快就要发生的 事或打算要做的事或有迹象表 Ht=6P)
明即将发生的事。例如:
x[.z"$T@
The director is going to call on a meeting to discuss it. + hyWo]nW0
(2) “be to +动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止或 .JD4gF2N
可能性。例如: P"~qio-
The Prime Minister is to speak on TV tonight. &"r==A?
(3) “be + 现在分词”表示一个最近按计划或安排要 进行的动作,常用于表示位 -!bLMLIg
置转移的词,如go, come,arrive,leave, start等,或其他动词。例如: 0Z1H6qn
We're leaving on Friday. YjIED,eRv
They're moving to another hotel the day after tomorrow. NZ%~n:/V#
(4)“be about + 动词原形”表示即将做某事。可译 成汉语“将要,正要”。例如: KHc/x8^9
He is about to retire. Cr
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4 、现在进行时 \{+nXn
1)构成:由 “am, is, are + 现在分词”构成。 wE8a4.
2)基本用法 3<UDVt@0
(1) 用于此刻正在进行的动作。例如: 0i
mqj7L
What are you doing ? I'm writing a report. G|6 |;
Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you. Z9
q{r s
(2) 与always, continually, constantly, for ever等频度副词连用,表示某种带有感情色彩 C}8e<[})
(赞叹、抱怨、厌烦等)的现阶段经常发生的动作。例如: WT ~dA95
He is constantly complaining about his job. (61twutC
She’s always borrowing and forgetting to pay me back. K^cWj_a"
5 、现在完成时 hO<w]jV,
1)构成: 由“have / has 十过去分词”构成。 |>/&EElD
2)基本用法 s?Qb{
表示动作已经完成或刚刚完成或过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,而且可能持续下 sWZtbW;)
去。常用的时间标志词有:already, before, ever, just, once, recently, yet 等或由since :86luLFm
引导的短语或从句和for引导的表示一段时间的短语。例如: M-qxD"VtV=
We’ve just back. j2{,1h j
We have studied English for more than ten years. I;11j
He has lived here since 1995. O"s`-OM;n
I have played the piano since 1 came to England. ZNH*[[Pf
Have you booked your hotel yet 3RH#e1Y
注意:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 v[yTk[zd0
(1)过去与现在的关系 9bcy
PN
这两种时态都表示过去发生过的动作,但前者强调的是过去的动作对现在的影 fF-\TW
响,后者只表示过去某一时间发生过的动作而与现在无关,即不强调该动作对现在 j+B5m:ExfI
造成的影响。 D@b<}J>0'
(2)时间状语不同 uI-76
一般过去时带有明确的表示过去时间的状语,现在完成时带有already, yet, just, ?D^,K`wY=B
ever, never 等表示不定时间的状语以及表示到现在为止这段时间的状语,如 up till uA/.4 b
now, so far, recently, this morning ( week, term ) 等。例如: 7%"\DLA
I have just opened the door.(现在门是开着的。) @Jn:!8U0
I opened the door just now. ( open 只是过去发生的一个动作,门现在不一定是 Y /ac}q
开着的。) F+y`4>x
6 、过去进行时 }v$=mLy
1)构成:由“was / were +现在分词”构成。 UE#Ni 5
2)基本用法 JQh s=Xg
表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。其时间标志是:带有表示过去时间的状语从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间。例如: {LJ6't 8y:
I was reading a newspaper when he came in last night. Rd1ku=
They were having a meeting at this time yesterday. [Fj#7VZK
7 、过去完成时 @G$<6CG\
1)构成:由“had 十过去分词”构成。 [QqNsco)
2)基本用法 GxDF7
z%&
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,表示的是“过去的过去”。常用的
6p6Tse]
时间标志是by, before 等介词或连词引导的短语或从句。例如: V?J,ab$X#
I had just finished the work when Peter phoned me yesterday morning >/`cmNmb
The plane had taken off when we got to the airport. GuY5 %wr
The boy had chased the cow away before it did more damage. dUtIAh-j
8 、过去将来时 Y&