加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 2017 年上海交通大学考博英语语法
级别: 初级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2019-09-19   
来源于 考博资料 分类

2017 年上海交通大学考博英语语法

(2)动词have第三人称用has,其余人称都用have。 0;<OYbm3<  
(3)第三人称单数需要在动词词尾加-s或-es。 ;UpJ=?W  
2)基本用法 J=9#mOcg"  
(1)用于表示客观真理、科学事实或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态,常用的时 7wi%j!  
间标志是:often, always, sometimes, usually, every day ( week, month, year, morning ) , 3Oiy)f@{TF  
seldom等。例如: KoF iQ?  
The sun rises in the east. u w"*zBxl  
He usually goes to work by bus. DEtf(lW_  
The Jones always go to church on Sunday. u(2BQO7  
(2)表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常用的词有:go, be, start, arrive, stay等。例 @ae>b  
如: qd8pF!u|#  
The plane arrives in Beijing this afternoon. mgcN(n1  
The project starts early this year. jyQVSQ s  
There is a conference tonight. Y 1y E  
(3)由if, when 引导的条件和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: g`3H(PVg  
When you see him, please say hello to him for me. DY.58IHg1  
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. sUc iFAb  
2 、一般过去时 Rsn^eR 6^  
1)构成:动词过去式 zo44^=~%  
2)基本用法 41}/w3Z4  
用于表示过去某一时刻或时期内发生的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有: .eY`Ri<3t  
yesterday, then, later, next day, just now, a moment ago,ago, last year (week, month)或由 iRs V#s  
when, while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。例如: DqlK.  
He died five years ago. &I)\*Ue2t  
In those days we sowed the wheat by hand. RJPcn)@l  
He has given up smoking, but a year ago he j ug'g  
smoked 100 cigarettes a week. %)JRbX<c  
When he was a child, he sold newspapers for a living. *l-`<.  
3 、一般将来时 i~8DSshA  
1)构成 -[$&s FD  
will +动词原形 N&x:K+Zm .  
2)基本用法 q^]tyU!w  
用于表示将来的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有:the day after tomorrow in等。 QnU 0"_-  
例如:They will have a final examination this afternoon. B1+ZFQo  
3)表示将来时的其他形式 \ u8,!) 4i  
(1) “be going to + 动词原形”表示很快就要发生的 事或打算要做的事或有迹象表 +6376$dC  
明即将发生的事。例如: ppFY c\&=  
The director is going to call on a meeting to discuss it. 6(.H3bu  
(2) “be to +动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止或 v F[CWV.  
可能性。例如: Mr.JLW  
The Prime Minister is to speak on TV tonight. P&\X`ZUA  
(3) “be + 现在分词”表示一个最近按计划或安排要 进行的动作,常用于表示位 G4m4k  
置转移的词,如go, come,arrive,leave, start等,或其他动词。例如: gIBpOPr^d  
We're leaving on Friday. MHl^/e@  
They're moving to another hotel the day after tomorrow. iokP mV  
(4)“be about + 动词原形”表示即将做某事。可译 成汉语“将要,正要”。例如: <A{y($  
He is about to retire. 6Hn)pD# U  
4 、现在进行时 ]ViOr8u   
1)构成:由 “am, is, are + 现在分词”构成。 "uhV|Lk*7  
2)基本用法 B kV(81"C  
(1) 用于此刻正在进行的动作。例如: Qg>0G%cXU  
What are you doing ? I'm writing a report. _NT[ ~M_Q  
Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you. 48k 7/w\  
(2) 与always, continually, constantly, for ever等频度副词连用,表示某种带有感情色彩 gDv$DB8-  
(赞叹、抱怨、厌烦等)的现阶段经常发生的动作。例如: ENyAF%6  
He is constantly complaining about his job. _25d%Ne0  
She’s always borrowing and forgetting to pay me back. uOFnCy 4  
5 、现在完成时 fCr\u 6Tb  
1)构成: 由“have / has 十过去分词”构成。 wibwyzo  
2)基本用法 9N1#V K  
表示动作已经完成或刚刚完成或过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,而且可能持续下 ?~ ?H dv  
去。常用的时间标志词有:already, before, ever, just, once, recently, yet 等或由since n. I2$._(b  
引导的短语或从句和for引导的表示一段时间的短语。例如: `[bJYZBc2  
We’ve just back. [G=:?J,P  
We have studied English for more than ten years. wn1, EhHt  
He has lived here since 1995. }+_9"Y Q:  
I have played the piano since 1 came to England. 44j,,k  
Have you booked your hotel yet -~} tq]  
注意:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 @ge LW!  
(1)过去与现在的关系 `1q|F9D  
这两种时态都表示过去发生过的动作,但前者强调的是过去的动作对现在的影 gZ*hkKN6  
响,后者只表示过去某一时间发生过的动作而与现在无关,即不强调该动作对现在 !h*B (,  
造成的影响。 Y!it!9  
(2)时间状语不同 I5Q~T5Ar  
一般过去时带有明确的表示过去时间的状语,现在完成时带有already, yet, just, /L$NE$D} "  
ever, never 等表示不定时间的状语以及表示到现在为止这段时间的状语,如 up till 8 #Fh>  
now, so far, recently, this morning ( week, term ) 等。例如: p&uCp7]U  
I have just opened the door.(现在门是开着的。) 716hpj#*  
I opened the door just now. ( open 只是过去发生的一个动作,门现在不一定是 e lay =%)  
开着的。) oAaf)?8  
6 、过去进行时 ~Zu}M>-^c,  
1)构成:由“was / were +现在分词”构成。 4]]b1^vVj  
2)基本用法 SKW;MVC  
表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。其时间标志是:带有表示过去时间的状语从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间。例如: G_0)oC@Jl:  
I was reading a newspaper when he came in last night. , uO?;!t  
They were having a meeting at this time yesterday. 9GaL0OWo  
7 、过去完成时 O FQ{9  
1)构成:由“had 十过去分词”构成。 O[L\T  
2)基本用法 &jFKc0\i@  
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,表示的是“过去的过去”。常用的 T*8_FR<  
时间标志是by, before 等介词或连词引导的短语或从句。例如: '/dTqg*W  
I had just finished the work when Peter phoned me yesterday morning \D aLHC~  
The plane had taken off when we got to the airport. bYK]G+ Ww  
The boy had chased the cow away before it did more damage. @ E >eq.m  
8 、过去将来时 uV!MW=)  
1)构成:由“should/would +动词原形”构成。 F-$Kv-f  
2)基本用法 Xa>}4j.  
表示过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况,通常用于主句谓语动词是一般过去 @|Z*f\  
时的宾语从句中。例如: FRc  |D  
He said he would stop smoking next month. > e;]mU`,  
We wanted to know when the English class would begin. FDl,Ey^r/  
9 、将来完成时 [q w   
1)构成:由“shall (will) + have + 过去分词”构成。 1O|RIv7F[/  
2)基本用法 8Er[M  
表示将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。例如: r,QJG$ Jo  
By this time next year I will have opened my first book store.  Pb*q;9  
Hurry up! Otherwise the train will have left before we get to the station.  on6<l  
10 、现在完成进行时 G[y&`Qc)G  
1)构成 {jrZ?e-q  
2)基本用法 7=L:m7T  
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作,这个动作可能还会继续下去或是 gD,A9a(3  
到说话的时候刚刚结束,但强调到说话时为止动作一直进行着。常常与表示一段时间的 _,11EeW@  
状语连用。例如: ?&{S~[;l  
I have been reading this novel the whole morning. h 3eGq:!9  
He has been studying English for years. X S6]C{  
He has been playing computer games since early morning. Jii?r*"d  
注意:现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 uPM8GIvZX.  
1)现在完成进行时强调动作的延续。例如: ,<`|-oa  
They have been building a ship.(在进行中) V< 2IIH5^  
They have built a ship.(已完成) V]+o)A$  
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.(我还有很多信要写。) g%@]z8L  
2)现在完成进行时能够表达情感。例如:I’ve been waiting there for about two hours! (YaOh^T:|  
(表达不满情绪) i=,B88ko  
II. 动词的语态 6RR4L^(m  
英语中,语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。被动语态由“be + 动词的过去分词”构成。 6GvhEulYR  
现以call为例将被动语态的不同时态列表如下: ;9 =}_h)]  
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 PR48~K,?  
现在 is/are/am called is/am/are being called have/has been called %4QoF  
过去 was/were called was/were being called had been called Lf$Q %eM0  
将来 shall/will be IMl9\U  
called w0q?\qEX  
------ shall/will have been called I{i:B  
应注意的事项: bCJ<=X,g`K  
1) 只有及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。 zsR  wF  
He was beat severely by the gunman. bxPY'&  
The cup was broken by Tom. F^/~@^{P  
2) 句子的谓语为动词短语改为被动语态时要注意保留完整的动词短语,不要丢掉介词 =B3!jir  
或副词。例如: GU;TK'Yy?  
The child will be taken good care of when you are away. ~@)- qV^~  
The meeting has been put off till June 1st. \N'hbT=  
3) 双宾语结构的句子改为被动语态,一般把间接宾语改为主语。如若把直接宾语改为 "-~D! {rS  
主语的话,注意表达方式的变化。例如: Ivd[U`=Q  
I gave him a new watch as a Christmas gift. (主动语态) 5JXzfc9rL  
He was given a new watch (by me) as a Christmas gift. (被动语态) !ch[I#&J-  
A new watch was given to him as a Christmas gift.(被动语态) N9>'/jgZX  
4) 不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补语的主动语态改为被动语态时,动词不定式还原to。 q;Ar&VrlNq  
常用的动词有:make, have, see, believe, notice, find 等。例如: 7DC0W|Fe  
We were made to work twelve hours a day. eEg1-  
The old lady was seen to cross the road and come into a store. Qw{\sCH>  
5) 表示被动的其他形式: %~8](]p  
A)“get +过去分词”。例如: mZ& \3m=  
She got her purse stolen. toYg$IV  
I must get my hair cut. #h #mOJ5  
B) need, require, want 这三个词的后面常用动名词的主动形式表被动或直接用动 RT_Pd\(qD  
词不定式的被动形式表被动。例如: O>o}<t7  
My electric fan needs fixing immediately. &EbD.>Ci  
My electric fan needs to be fixed immediately. TGt1d  
C) 有些动词习惯上用主动形式表示被动意思。常用的词有:sell , open , close, wash, ; ei<Q =[  
lock, read, shut, wear, write 例如: [M8qU$&?]  
The book sells very well. #P,[fgNy  
The parachute opens easily. _n Iqy&<  
6) “It’s + 过去分词十主语从句”结构中,常用动词所构成的句式有: .$ P2W0G  
It’s said (据说) ; It’s known (据悉) ; It’s reported (据报道) ; It’s claimed (据称) ; B3g82dm  
It’s estimated (据估计) ; It’s supposed (据推测) 。 !=q:>  }g  
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
5+2=? 正确答案:7
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交