(2)动词have第三人称用has,其余人称都用have。 0;<OYbm3<
(3)第三人称单数需要在动词词尾加-s或-es。 ;UpJ=?W
2)基本用法 J=9 #mOcg"
(1)用于表示客观真理、科学事实或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态,常用的时 7wi%j!
间标志是:often, always, sometimes, usually, every day ( week, month, year, morning ) , 3Oiy)f@{TF
seldom等。例如: KoF
iQ?
The sun rises in the east. uw"*zBxl
He usually goes to work by bus. DEtf(lW_
The Jones always go to church on Sunday. u(2BQO7
(2)表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常用的词有:go, be, start, arrive, stay等。例 @ae>b
如: qd8pF!u|#
The plane arrives in Beijing this afternoon. mgcN( n1
The project starts early this year. jyQVSQs
There is a conference tonight. Y 1y E
(3)由if, when 引导的条件和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:
g`3H(PVg
When you see him, please say hello to him for me. DY.58IHg1
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. sUciFAb
2 、一般过去时 Rsn^eR
6^
1)构成:动词过去式 zo44^=~%
2)基本用法 41}/w3Z4
用于表示过去某一时刻或时期内发生的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有: .eY`Ri<3t
yesterday, then, later, next day, just now, a moment ago,ago, last year (week, month)或由
iRs V#s
when, while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。例如: DqlK.
He died five years ago. &I)\*Ue2t
In those days we sowed the wheat by hand. RJPcn)@l
He has given up smoking, but a year ago he j
ug'g
smoked 100 cigarettes a week. %)JRbX<c
When he was a child, he sold newspapers for a living. *l-`<.
3 、一般将来时 i~8DSshA
1)构成 -[$&s FD
will +动词原形 N&x:K+Zm.
2)基本用法 q^]tyU!w
用于表示将来的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有:the day after tomorrow in等。 QnU
0"_-
例如:They will have a final examination this afternoon. B1+ZFQo
3)表示将来时的其他形式 \
u8,!) 4i
(1) “be going to + 动词原形”表示很快就要发生的 事或打算要做的事或有迹象表 +6376$dC
明即将发生的事。例如: ppFY
c\&=
The director is going to call on a meeting to discuss it. 6(.H3bu
(2) “be to +动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止或 v
F[CWV.
可能性。例如: Mr.JLW
The Prime Minister is to speak on TV tonight. P&\X`ZUA
(3) “be + 现在分词”表示一个最近按计划或安排要 进行的动作,常用于表示位 G4m4k
置转移的词,如go, come,arrive,leave, start等,或其他动词。例如: gIBpOPr^d
We're leaving on Friday. MHl^/e@
They're moving to another hotel the day after tomorrow. iokP
mV
(4)“be about + 动词原形”表示即将做某事。可译 成汉语“将要,正要”。例如: <A{y($
He is about to retire. 6Hn)pD# U
4 、现在进行时 ]ViOr8u
1)构成:由 “am, is, are + 现在分词”构成。 "uhV|Lk*7
2)基本用法 BkV(81"C
(1) 用于此刻正在进行的动作。例如: Qg> 0G%cXU
What are you doing ? I'm writing a report. _NT[
~M_Q
Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you. 48k7/w\
(2) 与always, continually, constantly, for ever等频度副词连用,表示某种带有感情色彩 gDv$DB8-
(赞叹、抱怨、厌烦等)的现阶段经常发生的动作。例如: ENyAF%6
He is constantly complaining about his job. _25d%Ne0
She’s always borrowing and forgetting to pay me back. uOFnCy 4
5 、现在完成时 fCr\u
6Tb
1)构成: 由“have / has 十过去分词”构成。 wibwyzo
2)基本用法 9N1#V
K
表示动作已经完成或刚刚完成或过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,而且可能持续下
?~ ?Hdv
去。常用的时间标志词有:already, before, ever, just, once, recently, yet 等或由since n.I2$._(b
引导的短语或从句和for引导的表示一段时间的短语。例如: `[bJYZBc2
We’ve just back. [G=:?J,P
We have studied English for more than ten years. wn1,
EhHt
He has lived here since 1995. }+_9"Y
Q:
I have played the piano since 1 came to England. 44j,,k
Have you booked your hotel yet -~}
tq]
注意:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 @ge
LW!
(1)过去与现在的关系 `1q|F9D
这两种时态都表示过去发生过的动作,但前者强调的是过去的动作对现在的影 gZ*hkKN6
响,后者只表示过去某一时间发生过的动作而与现在无关,即不强调该动作对现在 !h*B (,
造成的影响。 Y!it!9
(2)时间状语不同 I5Q~T5Ar
一般过去时带有明确的表示过去时间的状语,现在完成时带有already, yet, just, /L$NE$D} "
ever, never 等表示不定时间的状语以及表示到现在为止这段时间的状语,如 up till 8
#Fh>
now, so far, recently, this morning ( week, term ) 等。例如: p&uCp7]U
I have just opened the door.(现在门是开着的。) 716hpj#*
I opened the door just now. ( open 只是过去发生的一个动作,门现在不一定是 e lay
=%)
开着的。)
oAaf)?8
6 、过去进行时 ~Zu}M>-^c,
1)构成:由“was / were +现在分词”构成。 4]]b1^vVj
2)基本用法 SKW;MVC
表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。其时间标志是:带有表示过去时间的状语从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间。例如: G_0)oC@Jl:
I was reading a newspaper when he came in last night. ,uO?;!t
They were having a meeting at this time yesterday. 9GaL0OWo
7 、过去完成时 O FQ{9
1)构成:由“had 十过去分词”构成。 O[L\T
2)基本用法 &jFKc0\i@
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,表示的是“过去的过去”。常用的 T*8_FR <
时间标志是by, before 等介词或连词引导的短语或从句。例如: '/dTqg*W
I had just finished the work when Peter phoned me yesterday morning \D
aLHC~
The plane had taken off when we got to the airport. bYK]G+
Ww
The boy had chased the cow away before it did more damage. @
E >eq.m
8 、过去将来时 uV!MW= )
1)构成:由“should/would +动词原形”构成。 F-$Kv-f
2)基本用法 Xa>}4j.
表示过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况,通常用于主句谓语动词是一般过去 @|Z*f\
时的宾语从句中。例如: FRc |D
He said he would stop smoking next month. > e;]mU`,
We wanted to know when the English class would begin. FDl,Ey^r/
9 、将来完成时 [q
w
1)构成:由“shall (will) + have + 过去分词”构成。 1O|RIv7F[/
2)基本用法 8Er[M
表示将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。例如: r,QJG$ Jo
By this time next year I will have opened my first book store. Pb*q;9
Hurry up! Otherwise the train will have left before we get to the station. on6<l
10 、现在完成进行时 G[y&`Qc)G
1)构成 {jrZ?e-q
2)基本用法 7=L:m7T
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作,这个动作可能还会继续下去或是 gD,A9a(3
到说话的时候刚刚结束,但强调到说话时为止动作一直进行着。常常与表示一段时间的 _, 11EeW@
状语连用。例如: ?&{S~[;l
I have been reading this novel the whole morning. h 3eGq:!9
He has been studying English for years. X
S6]C{
He has been playing computer games since early morning. Jii?r*"d
注意:现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 uPM8GIvZX.
1)现在完成进行时强调动作的延续。例如: ,<`|-oa
They have been building a ship.(在进行中) V<
2IIH5^
They have built a ship.(已完成) V]+o)A$
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.(我还有很多信要写。) g%@]z8L
2)现在完成进行时能够表达情感。例如:I’ve been waiting there for about two hours! (YaOh^T:|
(表达不满情绪) i=,B88ko
II. 动词的语态 6RR4L^(m
英语中,语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。被动语态由“be + 动词的过去分词”构成。 6GvhEulYR
现以call为例将被动语态的不同时态列表如下: ;9 =}_h)]
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 PR48~K,?
现在 is/are/am called is/am/are being called have/has been called %4QoF
过去 was/were called was/were being called had been called Lf$Q
%eM0
将来 shall/will be IM l9\U
called
w0q?\qEX
------ shall/will have been called I{i:B
应注意的事项: bCJ<=X,g`K
1) 只有及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。 zsR wF
He was beat severely by the gunman. bxPY'&