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楼主  发表于: 2008-09-01   

该错题常考要点

该错题常考要点 )<~b*^kl\  
一、代词 /evh.S  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 0u0Hl%nl  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 J}.p6E~j  
  主格、宾格、所有格 Nls|R  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) D/giM#"  
)^r4|WYyt  
(二) 反身代词 *k=}g][?  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 2Nj0 Hqjq  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) 8p!PR^OM@  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) c[;I\g  
_mn4z+  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  U 26I z  
    A                 B    IYj-cm  
  a series of indicators that could help [}VEDx  
             C      wv*r}{%7g[  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. &9O-!  
    D b. t]p  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 D)mqe-%1  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 S]9xqiJW  
<ZnAPh  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 OgzPX^q/=  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 MqNp*n2  
:oZ30}  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies gfp#G,/B  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the LUCpZ3F1  
     A   B      C          D %i96@ 6O  
  Pacific. N2~Nc"L  
xo]|m\#k5E  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 UyvFR@  
T}zOM%]]  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 gjwp' GN  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: _El=M0  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 Yr0%ZYfN  
BG=h1ybz  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined V-)q&cbW]q  
                       A   d F),  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and W>h[aVTO  
             B z*kn.sW  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. VdYu| w ;v  
   C       D 7$/ O{GBJ  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 p>!`JU`{?  
&%FpNU9  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important )<!y_;$A  
        A     `L0}^ |`9  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John ( vgoG5  
   B        C      .( 75.^b2)  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  L0Xb^vx}m  
      D nI dvff  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. :Oy9`vv  
vJK0>":G  
F~&bgl[YZ  
(四) Who和which的区别 \z0"  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 bT0CQ_g21  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 Pij*?qmeQ  
^ WidA-  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who mD=x3d  
              A            B He~) i)co  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. _6xC4@~h*  
   C                  D sBB>O@4  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 Y!"LrkC  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 %^kBcId  
c|IH|y  
(五) that和which的区别 ALJ^XvB4V  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 &O7]e3Ej  
r3{Cuz  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it jgK8} C  
              A        B MZl6 J  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. 1 cvoI  
      C              D 2mRm.e9?  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 W&T -E,  
7vF+Di(B  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 Mj2`p#5wKh  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, >;:235'(M  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when )7f;FWI  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. j0_)DG  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which ( kCzz-_\  
/m"O.17N  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly Utd`T+AF*  
              A         B   pMndyuoJl  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. +-"uJIwMD  
         C      D o"wvP ~H  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 AAuH}W>n  
~}Xd{afo  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  "{>BP$Jz  
  affected the way people in the United States----. (q o ?e2K  
   (A) living and working w5Lev}Rb  
   (B) they live and work 7n}$|h5D  
   (C) live and work 2 zE gAc  
   (D) to live and to work 5! -+5TJI  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 DL<b)# h#  
` ES-LLhVf  
二、介词 +6~ut^YiM.  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 !1m7^3l7j  
BcXPgM!Xqz  
(一) 介词搭配 "~2SHM@q  
p`qy57  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those E|_J  
    A         B   C      >bRoQ8  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. .RW&=1D6  
                D \JLea$TM:  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 GHWt3K:*w  
/Z| K9a  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. 7?@ -|{  
A       B     C  D &v)/mc7D  
分析:B错改为be rich in :lU#Dm]  
=|LB,REN  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the `c)[aP{vN  
    A         B      C Xk] uXx:TN  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. U6?3 z  
             D Ak kth*p  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 }IRD!  
Z~AgZM R  
k 1l K`p  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 ~K@p`CRbV  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 =d BK,/  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. 9fy[%M  
          A      B  C     D 9\Md.>  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 GJ\bZ"vDo  
&3Ry0?RET  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has Q k2*=BVh  
                 A  B     1* ?XI  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on 2WS Wfh  
      C *P\OP'o_  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. *+%$OH,  
      D /Yj; '\3  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 *SYu q)  
8dh ?JqX  
2、介词by TB_OFbI2  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by 8&:dzS  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing MKh}2B#S  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States q}]z8 L  
    A         B       a+B3`6  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. Bxf&gDwjgr  
   C     D \;Sl5*kr  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 5 Nt9'"  
b?-KC\}v  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils q3D,hG_  
   A                      _6`H `zept  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to *iUR1V Y  
     B    C       D }-@h H(  
   supply moccasins and field rations. gMPvzBpP  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 2E.D0E Cu  
BO>[\!=y  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with /BrbP7  
        A                `pXPF}T  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements KkSv2 3In  
        B          C   d z\yP v~  
  that are often represented at symbols. yW;]J8 7*  
              D W"g@*B'|  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 wx^1lC2  
三、谓语动词 rs@qC>_C0  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致  s-S|#5  
①、主谓分割原则 H6Kt^s<6xu  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, (kJ"M4*<F'  
     A     tj:>o#D  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. #Qd"d3QG  
        B      C      D dLw,dg  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 mam(h{f$  
GTW5f  
②、与后者一致原则 gP=@u.  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, FD^s5>"Y+  
not only…but also A w)P%r  
SA.,Q~_T7  
#po }Y  
③、与前者一致原则 C6c]M@6  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, FhMl+Ou  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 Zc*gRC  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and ?N@p~ *x  
     A      B  C     / Hexv#3  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. @Ke3kLQ_\X  
         D d=:&tOCg2  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is N,u~ZEI  
Z#|IMmT;*=  
④、就近原则 WAp#[mW.fx  
or, either…or, neither…nor, A[X~:p.^G  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are wvNddu>@  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is  JS!  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 Fd@:*ER  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 ]0)=0pc]E  
V7i1BR8G  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are Y7 `i~K;  
        A      B        U/bQ(,3}  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. *27*&&=)H  
    C              D _J`q\N K  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 4).>b3OhX  
 e{33%5  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 jaI mO  
There are five apples that are red. ok7yFm1\  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 Mlr}v^"G  
{9C+=v?  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets @q]{s+#Xf  
      A            GS4 HYF  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. E>3fk  
   B   C    D yp:_W@  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 jPf*qe>U  
'@<aS?@!t  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 *PjW,   
The rich are not always happier than the poor. aj<=]=hr  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 Ge]2g0  
r&t)%R@q  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 :LwNOuavN  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: uT??t=vb  
a. there be 句型 9ZEF%&58Y  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 EK6fd#J?1  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 PDnwaK   
`2@t) :  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. "38ya2*  
   A     B      C    D    RqIic\a D  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is >}*i Qq  
9 1r"-%(r  
<|s9@;(I  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific yH8 N8  
             A     B    DM*mOT  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 j 6~#_t[  
     C         $:%?-xy(  
  miles in width. =yf LqU  
     D  s|U?{Byb!  
分析:倒装句,are改为is u$N2uFc  
f.`noZN  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and :o}J u}t  
   A    B       C         eyZ /%4'q  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film `":ch9rK  
                    D 38dXfl  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. Nkt(1?:-'  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 0)V<)"i  
5A:mu+Iz6H  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 !aD/I%X  
fifty percent of + 名词 Y?2I /  
one percent of + 名词 nBGF a  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: ?Ovl(4VG  
  one percent of my students + are }!\ZJoa  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. :0.Z/s -  
31LXzQvFG  
这里要强调两个结构 (xJ6 : u  
half of =fifty percent u{'bd;.7  
most of + 可数名词 + are 1O1/P,u+  
most of + 不可数名词+ is ]&1Kz 2/  
r>S?,qr  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been 1e*+k$-{  
   A       B         C   Y&aFAjj  
  found in central and eastern Canada. >C~-*M9  
           D sn&y;Vc[$  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 2H_|Attoi  
,V!s w5_5m  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized w: ~66 TCI  
                 A   B  , gk49z9  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. QF(.fq8, U  
              C     D &'4id[$9  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 -:`$8/A|  
V2cLwQ'0  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 u-3A6Q  
①、主要考察时间状语 Jz s.)  
j`A%(()d  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. q-gN0"z^6$  
   A        B  C     D Yjv}@i"  
V& <vRIsN  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was D\]gIXg  
LFob1HH*8  
Iodk1Y;  
②、For和since的区别 i ~fkjn  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 6wx;grt'Z  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 ";yCo0*  
  I has been a teacher for three years. tvynl;Y/  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. 9nlfb~ F~P  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 e.jrX;;$!&  
^AtAfVJN0  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became U7O~ch[,  
   A      B              "S.5_@?  
  the primary responsibility of the president. Mfe/(tlI  
     C    D  {A]"/AC  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 v{ Md4 p  
 0Lmq?D  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of js)M c*]&  
             A  B  C   \\XvVi:B  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. Hj't.lg+j  
            D NrT!&>M  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 o<bZ.t  
iTF`sjL  
Gs;wx_k^  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  @ofivCc<%  
   A       B        C     D ;X,|I)  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live x9q?^\x  
U;u@\E@2  
(三) 谓语的语态 WG>Nm89  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 "vI:B}  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: 6U5L>sQ  
①、prove N|-M|1w96  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 =i[_C>U  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; xR}^~14Bz  
q ww*  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming Hy=';Ccn}  
                      A   5<ZE.'O  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be y"6;O0  
    B                  C 0'q&7 MV  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. `L# pN5  
                  D $P'Y  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 *YH5kX  
-{[5P!  
tN P>6F/  
②、Locate,Situate N?7MYP  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 VRden>vKN  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 SR)jJ=R3  
这两个词也可以用作被动 Bv-|#sdxm  
  My school was located near the river. } )D E  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 V$wW?+V  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. Y$JGpeq8w  
   (A)locates _v=S4A#tF  
   (B)locating { 3,_i66  
   (C)to locate })#VO-J  
   (D)is located xib?XzxGo  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 :c75*h`  
c,@&Z#IZ`  
③、表示需要概念的动词 &.W,Hh  
need, want, require等 T0HNld  
jGm`Qg{<  
My watch needed repairing A]<+Aq@{  
My watch needed to be repaired. wPr9N}rf  
J!{"^^*  
④、表示人的情感的动词 vbA<=V*P  
move, annoy, surprise, please等 Aj{c s  
#}xw *)3  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 SAVA6 64  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 N4HIQ\p  
hr@kU x  
主动和被动技巧总结: #zf,%IYF  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 XJZ\ss  
REg&[e+%  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the vZiuElxKi  
                 A      OA7YWk<K  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, $,.XPK5Q u  
                 B Xi~7pH  
  power structures, and flood-control works along oNEjl V*  
                    C u<['9U  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. En9>onJ  
                D =vs]Kmm  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 ^7Rc\   
5i@WBa  
四、非谓语动词 Jn&^5,J]F8  
pi|=3W  
(一) 分词 f6,?Yex8B  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 OWys`2W  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 $5wf{iZY.Q  
\ z3>kvk  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then s'^sT=b  
   A /UqIkc  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. |s'5 ~+  
     B      C            D 2EH0d6nt  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning oCxy(q'y  
r3NdE~OAi  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 O)!S[5YI  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in ny"z<N&}/  
      A               B   $jOp:R&I^3  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. X7rsO^}W  
               C         D 0 !b9%I=j  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living |va^lT  
%i.Prckrb  
|s,y/svp  
一些动词后面必须用doing (]` rri*^  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 jp7cPpk:LG  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, 6Nws>(Ij  
 advocate, suggest }tO>&$ Z6f  
 delay, quit OtbPr F5  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, Am|)\/K+Z  
 avoid, escape(逃避) 81H9d6hqcD  
 spend+名词+doing; / E!N:g<  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing 0DFVB%JdI  
Ae%AG@L  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their {rwT4]4  
   A     B    C              D "yc|ng  
  crops. c^<~Y$i  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 B3<sSe8L0  
A&A{Thz  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, 1ASoH,D/  
               A        B y\ })C-&  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. fRT4>So   
        C          D H>Ucmd;ay  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing G)q;)n;*=  
3~{0X-  
(二) 不定式 /|lAxAm?  
A. 动词不定式的省略 ;E ,i  
①、help后面可以省略to ;XQ27,K&  
  help do NTEN  
  help sb. to do =\ k:]  
%WC ^aKfY  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid Uy.ihh$ I-  
              A      B   K&,";9c  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. f-634KuP  
         C     D K9]zUe&#w  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 &8Z .m,s]  
T|0+o+i  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 LlS~J K  
  make, ,p#r; O<O  
  let, IA{W-RRb  
  have sb. do sth =6+99<G|%M  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. L^zh|MEyzk  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians ?20R\ ]U  
        A               B lD, ~%  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. L`e19I$  
   C     D oam;hmw  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know FE]UqB  
UG=]8YY!  
③、感官动词 ~ rQ,%dH  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe /%s:aO  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 "<{|ni}  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 3Pllxq<n  
l^OflZC~  
Yb4ku7}  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 !_ QT{H  
(1)表示第一人 > <Zu+HX  
the first woman to do sth. 096Yd=3h  
xb<|m2<)H  
(2)表示迫使的动词 "M!m-]  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do %Zbm%YaW5  
i> ]PW|]  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis ^=n7E  
     A                 B    (3lA0e`Y  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. N%xCyZ  
       C           D 'vZIAnB8  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 DU$#tg}{  
abm 3q!a-  
T'vI@i9  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 ,LN^Zx*  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 !C05;x8{  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 ~F@n `!c  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 [M,4qe8,}  
  be apt to do u*;H$&  
@R50M (@W  
(4)表示目的的名词, YCh`V[0  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 |[Fb&x  
固定的句式: V%PQlc.X  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. $zp|()_  
the objective 目标 ?%UiW7}j';  
aim t_w\k_ T  
goal t#|R"Q#  
reason理由 xZ P SUEG  
function功能 4n6AK`E  
intension意图 &RARK8 ^  
c{I]!y^!  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing n19A>,m  
                       A  ].kj-,5>f  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. [B;okW  
           B          C     D ,o%by5j"^N  
分析:the function to provide, A错 OxGfLeP.R!  
2SC-c `9)  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure SA}Dkt&,  
                  A       c,.@Cc2  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds <i</pA  
     B  .ZF%$H  
  that make up various components of a living cell. n4S `k%CI  
    C    D .Ji9j[[#D  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 By8SRWs  
~nU9j"$  
(5) 其他同根名词 r YKGX?y  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 c.Hw K\IU  
 attempt to do 企图 `i cs2po  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 l1k&@1"  
 ambition, (JlPe)Q5  
 be ambitious to do  Ut\:jV=f  
 effort s=(q#Z  
27Z qdHd  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation }6-olVg  
  A                    B   $rcv@-l  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. F*@2)  
          C       D we`BqZV  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 tdxzs_V,-  
,Kj>F2{  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great /Z:NoTGn  
  A                   B   _J6 Xq\  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. qH4|k 2Lm  
       C            D zO"De~[9  
分析:efforts to register, C错 Vq]ixag2^  
B_ict)}ld  
>eG<N@13p  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 K:'^f? P  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 E5rV}>(Y  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. hQj@D\}  
T}^3Re`i  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 Fdhgm{Y2s  
I am glad to see you. 7BU7sQjs  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. tlp,HxlP  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. ?} 8r h%  
"!zJQl@  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 ;: _K,FU  
It is difficult to decide. K\9CW%W  
0ex.~S_Oj4  
$T3_~7N  
五、句子的结构 uT, i&  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 1-E6ACq  
^wBlQmW7J  
(一) 主语的重复 \78^ O  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 CBf[$[e  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any WlQCPC  
          A      B      C5V}L   
  compromises concerning the establishment of the 'u v=D  
          C          D #d,)Qe[  
  League of Nations. qI7KWUR  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 RD[P|4eY  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson /gF)msUF  
|#o' =whTl  
 4 Pc-A  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are 6k;5T   
        A        B  w;ZT-Fti  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. * :TwO=)  
    C         D 5@>hjXi"Y  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 p*lP9[7  
2{=D)aC$f  
(二)谓语的重复 9Zl4NV&B  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 i kfJ!f  
&j:prc [W  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  :Y/aT[  
    A            B    |MGT8C&^!  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. #sCR}  
         C   D m-uXQS^@G  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 aPxSC>p  
gBV4IQ  
(三)谓语的缺少 cwvJH&%0  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body ZVH 9je  
          A     B    >4wigc  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. 0o$RvxJ  
         C               D BEb?jRMjLg  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 )wjpxr  
XuJyso9kA  
(四)主句的重复 b X38=.up  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 }\<=B%{  
:|5 m"X\  
UUWRC1EtI  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite moFrNcso  
      A         B        C   P n^:cr|  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. ?yAb=zI1b  
     D 4ZUtK/i+r  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 prS%lg>  
?84f\<"  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow KF *F  
        A   B       pSQ2wjps  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. Vr1r2G2  
      C    D J ##a;6@  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 V$ DB4YM1k  
z<t2yh(DF  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided YYI0iM>  
   A                     B  $Xo_8SX,  
  names for towns, only George Washington +~F>:v?Rh  
      C w;$elXP|  
  is remembered in the name of a state. a {7*um  
          D ~-sgk"$  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 4Kj 8 i  
六、比较级和最高级 =zAFsRoD_B  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 ecl6>PS$'  
3?aM\z;  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 }duqX R  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which 8}[<3K%*g  
      A               9BOn8p;yz  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. \0}bOHqEH  
     B       C           D C-49u<; ,  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 B;Z _'.i,d  
\g]rOYW  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 d/TFx  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. :L:] 3L  
     A      B     C  D A Ef@o+A  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 #WDpiV7B  
Vd.XZ*}r*  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere i%f C`@  
     A       B     C   D v8uUv%Hkd  
  is the grizzly bear. F-~Xbz%  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 N- }OmcO]e  
p8s%bPjK  
=RWY0|f  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 9*"K+t:  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 D@{m  
$WE _aNfja  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with zuJ` 704   
   A           B  5M8   
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. z __#P Q,n  
   C                 D "$"<AKCwS  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 ](ztb)  
E[CvxVCx  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 )5<dmK@  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as Ex}TDmTu  
_ -ec(w~/  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 Frhm4H%,_R  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 4g.S!-H@R  
the taller boy "VsS-b^P  
Gv(n2r  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 e [F33%  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed ,5sv;  
          A            B Y(R],9h8  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is Ki)hr%UFw  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. ,.gI'YPQC  
    C          D .R^]<b:`  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they >R/^[([;]  
NXE1v~9V  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 Qbj:^{`>(  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, :~,akX$  
  A  B         C     twTRw:.!f  
  the Navajos form largest group. } M \G  
         D ;u%4K$   
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 JnH5v(/  
6Qm .k$[  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, #+3I$ k  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language "w{,ndZ  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the A'? W5~F  
CwfGp[|}e  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many /^Lo@672  
            A      B         C rg+3pX\{  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. 7o M] qLF  
            D ]GHx<5Q:\  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 [6Nzz]yy  
o&:n>:im  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the 9\NP)Vm$^  
例如:my best friends rxI Ygh  
#*K!@X  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial 4=n%<U`Z/  
            A    B     C  PYYO-Twg  
  and banking center. d`Em) 3v  
        D Fqp ~1>wi  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 F30jr6F\  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 s((_^yf  
H~"XlP  
Y3wL EG%,:  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary mkmVDRK  
                 A         p}swJ;S  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. > 'KQL?!F  
    B   C     D  =!Y{Mz  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 OL"So u4  
4.mbW  
七、平行结构 :`P;(h  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 YPq`su7m9  
`Lu\zR%<  
DWH)<\?  
(一) 对等连接词 + nslS:(  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 U!x\oLP  
单一式: and, or ,but .el_pg  
相关式: both…and, not … but, H{T)?J~  
     either …or, neither…nor YR`Mi.,Sfm  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as rzqUI*4%  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, uNY]%[AnJ  
没有so...as... MY[" zv  
between…and, <cz~q=%v2&  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also O_PC/=m1@  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, 0,;FiOp  
.9g\WH#qD|  
短语式: as well as Z{n7z$s*  
     rather than (而不是) Ve8`5  
     other than (除…之外) U%45qCU  
     instead of (代替) e"|9%AW@<  
_H8)O2mJ  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 lv ^=g  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  5J&n<M0G1  
       A     B   =4MiV]  
  but he is now living in Detroit. knBT(x'+  
       C   D 73.o{V  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 g%=\Wiit]  
oaBfq8,;  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics Vq'&t <K#  
       A         B =C\S6bF%  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford Wu Gm~<NS  
  remained active in city and regional planning. x{ZVq 4  
          C    D  cdIy[ 1  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 3^su%z_%  
(二)平行的内容 iZy k2kc  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 |k+&we uY  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of >LU*F|F]B  
             A         B   >PGm}s_  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, eNNgxQw>m  
         C            D Z*ZG5e  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. \AK|~:\]  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 Zz3#Kt5t3  
CWN=6(y  
-owfuS?i=  
第二、名词单复数的平行 }> 1h+O  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 -=sxbs.aA  
l9L;Tjj  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail, <?J7Z|  
  A     B          C   .N+xpxdG,  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. B]qh22Yib  
                 D   *nC,= 2  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 e-K8K+7  
+|8Lt[^ux  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, bT*4Qd4W  
                   A         B 88*RlxU  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. 7lj-Z~1  
      C          D T8(wzs  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have Y'HF^jv]R  
 J-f0  
第三、时态的平行 [uY 2N h  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated Rj&7|z  
                A     @/u`7FO$&  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops H.mG0x`M"E  
                   B hpyre B  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. MGz> ,c^wW  
          C    D &;skB.  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 H44&u](8{  
'9dtIW6E  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- IjRmpV cwN  
  spread from its home in Central America and <`*P/V  
  now grows throughout the tropics. ^k(eRs;K  
   (A) to be    (B) it   b?NeSiswn  
   (C) the     (D) its A (p  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? D` X6'PP  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow gWo~o]f  
M\6`2q  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- "6.p=te  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. jq)|7_N  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised {wXN kq  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised P$ef ,ZW"  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 I yN9 +  
=ol][)Bd  
第四、排列位置的平行 ,b(S=r  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. 2vN(z %p  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode {kH^OZ^(e  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  B/hHkOoo  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes walRqlo@  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes =hOa 0X=  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 }2A1Yt:^P  
5yiiPK$qr  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: m=,c,*>  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 .l5" X>  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 pNQkKDbL+  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 s7i .p]  
*b{lL5  
八、词序的颠倒 G1_@! 4  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 &E riskI   
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 #*$@_  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage -yQ\3wli`  
              A    B        z12But\<  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States.  5vF}F^  
      C       D    u\6]^T6  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 tm1UH 4  
|ch^eb^7"  
J-\?,4mcP  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 lJzy)ne  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only k-pEBh OH  
          A      B     t?nc0;Q9,@  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. 7 Y >`-\  
    C         D RjGB#AK  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 /4 LR0`A'  
"x|NG,<[9  
CTkN8{2S  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 ff}a <w  
-yAnn  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were ^[,s_34V  
          A   B     C   oCKM5AVWsv  
  in what is now the United States. ?S&w0}R  
    D ljJz#+H2_  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 -[pCP_`)u  
ft/^4QcyAM  
所有的系动词分为三大类: 5M Wvu,'%8  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, _+*/~E  
    is, remain, keep, stay, B8 0odU&  
    lie, exit(表示位于) }PFt  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 [t.%&#baF  
    become, turn, grow, 9fuJJ3L[  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) wt}%2x} x  
!b7'>b'J<1  
第三种,感官动词 d=?Mj]  
    seem(好像是) 7V=MRf&xQ  
    look(看起来好像是)   ^RV  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste 8jjFC9Cbn0  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 NT@YLhs?  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe -MrtliepW*  
    A               B     zkh hN"bX  
   to cause numerous deaths. MyH[vE^b  
        C   D  {Z#e{~m#  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 W-z90k4Z5  
*#1y6^  
九、词性的混用 %AG1oWWc>.  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 c~^CKgr~R9  
5{13 V*<  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 yuHZ&e  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; > -y&$1  
Xnv@H:$mxk  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high 7v_i>_m]  
          A        B      S \e& ?Y`  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and >ZT& `E  
              C 38c?^  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. ryxYcEM0  
          D ~x|aoozL  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) #:J: YMv  
e-X HN  
mn]-rTr  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 w6T[hZ 9  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 :qKF58W  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds l~ bKBz  
         A       B      2fl4 h<V  
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to 0YzsA#yv  
          C        ?J t$ a;  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. P|e`^Frxt  
            D 8-7dokg>  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 xS'zZ%?  
3bC+Mco  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, )^4hQ3BS  
            A       '\`6ot8  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of \PpXL*.  
      B      C 9tn;L"#&N  
   urban Black people in the United States. <FY&h#  
   D v*SAI]{#~  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 iq?l#}]  
k#O,j pbB  
oid[syPB  
####(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 IdPn%)>6  
表示时间有两种可能, J$Fnm\  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 f~ =r*&U  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, 740B\pc0  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 %j7:tf=  
q-nER<  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence -DP*q3  
       A     B     DG(%-w8p"  
  were made while the American Civil War. 8d!GZgC8R  
   C    D R(k}y,eh.`  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 /b5>Qp  
$ rUSKm#  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the ESTM$k }X  
   A      B           C    TVaA>]Fv  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. 3`*Kav>"  
          D 48O~Jx,  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 mT @ nn,  
e_.Gw" /Yl  
1@>$ Gcc  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 k?*KnfVh!  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 Y- )x Tn  
:ofBzTNwZ  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social =Mj 0:rW  
                   A     %Jp|z? [/  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. fBhoGA{=g  
     B   C    D h!gk s-0  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 : "Y*<=x#2  
\?**2{9&)  
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples E5</h"1  
   A        B   C      XJ1=m   
  easily under the stress of compression. -C-yQ.>\T#  
   D jQ\zGJ3  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 o`n$b(VZ  
v6GPS1:a  
"%qzj93>  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 V5i*O3a~   
=LkR!R=  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine `R"~v/x  
    A         B pO7Zs  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. l12{fpm  
          C            D zFz10pH  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 +Q$h ]^>~  
ZfrVjUB  
n_?tN\M  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, |`TgX@,#9  
         A ag-f{UsTy  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. "]K>j'^Zs<  
   B      C      D #@HF<'H}mu  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 ~6YMD  
_{<seA  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 oVFnl A  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; =X\^J  
two hundred diligent students
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