1955: Opening day1 {Yt@H
An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the Xyz w.%4c
Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the vJ&g3ky
park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, ulA||
1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was 0Z11V9Jk
held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests Exu5|0AAE
and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, O7})1|>1
were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's 6=aXz2.f
friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald CO<P$al
Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it T09'qB
was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event y;$
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did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation- u#Z#NP ~F0
only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads u`ezQvrcy
nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 Y8s.Q
°C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking bE6
:pGr
fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains w4<n=k
or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated Y!1x,"O'H
negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged uXm_ pQpF
guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell Y3n6y+Uzk
soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft DwNEqHi
that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas lL$no7HBy
leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland E3~ Wyfd7
to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over Q)s`~G({P
the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur XwlF[3VbiX
Carrousel ->u}b?aF
The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited tDj/!L`
members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the C25EIIdRb
true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel !5VT[w
1
for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as ~\yk{1S
【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin 6");NHE
badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For t/KH`
example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago "oLY";0(=
today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years, Disney did bMvHAtp
officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the U(~d^9/#
park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as 9l&4mt;+&<
"Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday aBblP8)8;K
July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the H3Zsm)+:
first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson ;X}!;S%K
with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre- a
j13cC$
purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with J;#7dRW{
two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and D"vl$BX
Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a TJ`Jqnh
deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. `;v5o4.`
guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received 7@u:F?c
【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded 1c19$KHu
one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single AD0pmD
Disney-owned park in the world. CS\T@)@t
W5 y. j: t6 G2 j7 \0 A+ Q! c2 h
'(-SuaH49
A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, o"Mhwh
most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of xL#UMvZ>;h
wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course 6JUjT]S%
for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for syB.Z-Cpd
$400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a _gn`Y(c$%
prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of
6Sr}I,DG
Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to n*nsFvt%o
his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was KOYcT'J@vR
dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider tv\_&
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across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the '\4 @
Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, 9LK<u $C
with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was ITr@;@}c]
simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, m0[JiwPI
and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th s;!Tz)
century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th M_Z(+k{Gy
century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is @q<F_'7is
toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the #z&@f
Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to z]33_[G1U
public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be x2@W,?oPm
taught.Evolving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the
_X"G(
Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 Unc_e
students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and LqcHsUFj
graduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of T(4OPiKu
Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video ReZ&SNJ
learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available hJkF-yW
online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. p*OpO&oodu
About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.! k n7*.zI]%&
! t+ V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s ^!yJ;'H\
longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward- ,d~6LXr<fM
thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, Yfjp:hg/!
who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth — eR*y<K(d
the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established ^Z`?mNq9
the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a X|wg7>kh*`
trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in H){lXR/#u
Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to students [rf.&
regardless of gender, race, or age. The first Lowell lecture, on 1C]mxV=%
geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor ]46#u=y~3
for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets _DAj$$ Ru4
being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate u>-pgu
“courses” — which were lecture series on a single topic — `%nj$-W:
sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free /@`kM'1:
lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. h.WvPZ2U
Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn C<u<:4^H
a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying w4%yCp[,
teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University
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d-
Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell c3]X#Qa#m$
surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated government scholar Exu>%
A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by `iT{H]po
1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal x!RpRq9
education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision B?pNF+?'z
of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education 4Ow0g-{
gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His Z:3SI$tO
first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later ;eQOBGX9
became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of L^><APlX
“concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University ;.EW7`)Z
Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new 2T >K!jS
history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry G>f2E49BXt
out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.” mNDz|Ln
John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in -Mx\W|YK
the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all qOM" ?av
around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find BfUM+RC%5
work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law W0_
pO
school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in >xB[k-C4
Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury Oll,;{<O
litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of f:hsE
Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto {$H-7-O$
County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12- s.]<r5v7
year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would O}w"@gO@.
have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He ~>-MV
p
proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, tkjQSz
called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next P~d&PhOe
novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 {@YY8SKb9
weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his ]q pLaBD
wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian RM|2PG1m
home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near 9Q
/t+
Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time :XFr"aSt
to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. lC8Z@wkjO
As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and `G0GWh)`x
now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six e !2SO*O
ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League qSA]61U&
teams. CyXFuk!R
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel? 0 *^>/*
A. A case of murder. HzQY\Y6
B. A case of rape "&Rt&S
C. His father’s experience ATzFs]~K;
D. His life on the farm wSd|-e
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ? kVe4#LT
.It was popular at the time of publication ,7h0y
It earned Grisham great fame.
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C. It brought Grisham wealth xNOArb5e5
D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.3 y3 i6 L' Z& x. Em ;2fh
S! H) W 6"YcM:5~
50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built riv8qg
ballfields on his property ________.
f"RS,]
答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the [JVEKc ym
children J~.`
My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality =JNCQu
transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they h<<uef9
change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become L6x
;<gj
grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the 38#Zlcf
other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents \"pp-str
’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s A9_}RJ9
clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having 363KU@`
to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me 4G2iT+X-
to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and Qg]+&8!*
dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays 1I?`3N
When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full D/YMovH%
form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the |/;;uK,y
grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take U8zCV*ag
two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite $1 t
IC_
often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren !nU|3S[b
never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma Ozg,6&3ji
carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into %uw7sGz\
following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of fE"-W{M
candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear C#LTF-$])
while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the k8c(|/7d
sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and H<") )EJI
Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to @jCM
QYR
bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly zygH-3C7o
active kids. iN
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Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to GkpYf~\Q
forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily #mYe@[p@
life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is q P0UcG
“developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, 6of9lO:
she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house K@%gvLa\
while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold 2wu\.{6Zp
one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am w3;{z ,,T
“impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa T|,/C|L
smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive Y-lwS-Ii
love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty n&,X']z.
jealousies. +|Izjx]ZV
6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author 6"?#E[ #[
______ . `=S%!akj
A. feels jealous B. feels amazed |8tKN"QG
C.thinks it unnecessary D. thinks it annoying R
xS{
7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets? E@EP9X
>
A. They get highly energetic. B. They quiet down.' \x:} |
C. They want more sweets. D. They go to bed. B2Rpd &[
Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children? 3xN_z?Rg
A. They behave very well. ?9%$g?3Z
B. They like chocolate very much. #l h'
!
C. They receive toys from their grandparents. l[i1,4
The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an el\xMe^SY
increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that v}i
d/brl
many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. ~!M"
overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior re,}}'
and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins T9'HQu
and gorillas(大猩猩), says a report in New Scientist./ D! K9 _: K5 D 7kITssVHI
~% X sgnc$x"
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by {6%-/$LX
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, kGL3*x
many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many A2p% Y},
ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they 0fLd7*1>
are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations” }#2(WHf=<
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by E^A!k=>
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “ 6$kh5$[
many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on 52NI{"
environmentally friendly policies and operations.” oad /xbp@/
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 7G7"Zule*j
percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. j/F
('r~L
Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that ur7S
K(#
although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land |f\WVGH
use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. $~j9{*]5
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their )/Gi-::
habitat by tourists and mongooses(蠓)have caught lung diseases from B#}EYY
human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better uHRxV"@}[1
regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where lg
D%
visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model :t;i2Ck
41. Ecotourism is meant to ______. 9g'6zB
A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife" Rlm28
B.have wild species respond well to contact with human A_e5Vb,u.
C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior 3xKgj5M
D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife 'i: lV'
42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. VR%*8=
A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit G:wO1f6
B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices ?GtI.flV
C. actually lack proper examination and official approval R3LIN-g(
D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species $9xp@8b\_
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present (d*||"
"ecotourism" practice goes on? |5&7;;$
It will disturb their life. rYg%B6Fp
It will affect their health. pp{GaCi
C. It will increase their stress. t<$J
3h/"
D. It will threaten their survivalf g[~J107%A
45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem iP:^nt?
is to ______. D0MW~Y6{
A. encourage people to manage endangered species 0ia-D`^me
B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings^ tL1\q Qg
C. help wild animals increase their fitness fA[T5<66
D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease /F''4%S?E
答案 BDC BAA ACDB(仅供参考) Qw|y%Td8r