医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 R=
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一、肺 Lung ~puXZCatN
清晰 clear gZA[Sq
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows CD]hi,B_J
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings "NEg]LB5
钙化灶 calcified DJ_[{WAV
空洞 cavitation ?QA![
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) O[}{$NXw
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density -55[3=#
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows pH&*5=t}
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density 5OEo(&
圆形致密影 a round density g)?Ol
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening YcQ$nZAU
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle A]0A,A0
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement /my5s\;s|z
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion s;brs}
液气胸 hydropneumothorax
/80H.|8O
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement u<L<o2
肺门模糊 hilar haze 4X-" yQ<U
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density G)|Xj70
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) L6?~<#-m\M
阴影性状 shadow DPlDuUOd
淡的 haziness {#.<hPXn
云雾状 clouding /Rf,Rjs
线装 streaky |KR8=-!7
絮状 patcky %[4u #G`
结节状 nodular {?;qy\m]o
块状 massive "38L ,PW0Z
粟粒状 miliary k:&vW21E
融合状 confluent }S$OE))u
均匀的 homogeneous =H`yzGt
二、心脏 Heart o}&{Y2!x
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement D^QL.Du,
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta
!4a#);`G
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart (rc7Cp3
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment C B`7KK
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery %)72glB
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow ZC%;5O`
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement m^\&v0
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation aNn4j_V(
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart V.9p4k`
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta lUaJC'~p
心腰部 waist of heart OkAgO3>Y/
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart yM}3u4FG
三、腹部平片 KUB film V%{WH}
结石 calculus SA#01}&p
钙化影 calcified shadow LzJ`@0RrX
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern bEB2q\|Je
液气平面 gas-fluid level @U4hq7xzV2
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air h-//v~V)
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination hj&~Dn(
胃肠造影 gastroenterography c:52pYf+
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography {/(.Bpld
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign xFekSH7[F
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) CPL,QVO9
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine 5]GgjQ
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon J2 / 19'QE
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time 6"
<(M@
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach $Mj\ 3
充盈缺损 filling defect p!~1~q6
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds Zxd*%v;
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) 0{uaSR
球部激惹现象 irritable cap ;c)(
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蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) _si 5z
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis ?G,gPb
蠕动消失 aperistalsis jVLJqWP'!
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation w[\rS`
J
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon (X
Oz0.W
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold ?pfr^
!@$
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold XXhN;-p
五、胆道 bile tract AD^I1]2f
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography 7i{(,:
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography 9PACXW0
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography YvcV801Go
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) HzKY2F(,
胆总管扩张dilated common duct ,Pcg+^A
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily [>r0
(x&.
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately pqb`g@
收缩功能 contractibility H<n"[u^@E
六、骨骼skeleton uSRhIKy
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone 2_)UHTw
sK
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance Osm))Ua(
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction &^DVSVqs^
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) IQ_s]b;z
骨化 ossification -y$6gCRY
畸形 deformity
U-4F
缩短 shortening A9 g%>
移位 displacement ![_0GFbT
脱位 luxation ;5.&TQT
半脱位 subluxation wiZ
连接不正 malunion 2vLun
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture r
*6S1bW
多发性骨折 multiple fracture DE/SIy?
病理性骨折 pathological fracture 1w(3!Ps+
关节间隙 joint space B+U:=591
椎间隙 intervertebral space qf\W,SM
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage ) c\Y!vS
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) rG6G~|mS
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis ^M6lF5
死骨 sequestrum ERIMz,
骨质坏死 bone necrosis iaEQF]*cC
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint <MkvlLu((o
关节强直 ankyloses F[Mwd &P@
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation 2<I=xWwFA
对线良好 good alignment X1`3KqK<9
对位良好 good apposition C&H'?0Y@
七、泌尿系统 urological system s.
A}ydtt
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) e~zgH\`
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography 4BCe;Q^6
萎缩 atrophy oH%[8!#
移位 deformity ~W8Xg)
扭曲 distortion 8R3{YJ6@T
充盈缺损 filling defect zT78FliY6
狭窄 stricture 3PU_STSix
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone W<prY
八、X线检查位置 F6[F~^9D
前后位 anteroposterior projection zFExYYd
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection Mg`!tFe3
侧位 lateral projection >pfeP"[(3
立位 upright position %o%V4K*
斜位 oblique projection OLb s~
>VA
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection }OAU5P!rp
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection 'l.tV7
前凸位 lordotic position projection JpfA+r
轴位 axial position 5U475&
头位 cranial projection -| m3=#
尾位 caudal projection ]64}Xob87_