医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 uV-'
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一、肺 Lung LIU}a5
清晰 clear ^[Ua46/" m
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows < _$%@4 L
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings B()/.w?A
钙化灶 calcified YI-O{U
空洞 cavitation rV({4cIe9R
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) fl
Jp4-nx
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density IC{eE
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows [>#*B9
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density E|YdcS
圆形致密影 a round density @`-[;?>
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening Et"?8\"n7
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle FLoNE>q
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement ODc9r }
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion 7@.cOB`y@3
液气胸 hydropneumothorax wdzOFDA
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement d_S*#/k
肺门模糊 hilar haze ,:Vm6u!
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density M,j(=hRJ/E
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) e&ANp0|W
阴影性状 shadow E^_wI>
淡的 haziness jNwjK0?
云雾状 clouding c[}(OH
线装 streaky H?}[r)|(3i
絮状 patcky ,=
(Z00#(
结节状 nodular CV$],BM
块状 massive _$<
Gyz*
粟粒状 miliary |vte=)%
融合状 confluent h@7FY
均匀的 homogeneous $&|y<Y=
二、心脏 Heart nqR?l4 DX
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement `=#01YX[0
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta |CgnCUv+
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart #6+FY+/
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment M-NV_W&M
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery [=uo1%
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow xy+QbDT
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement ogM%N
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation d;tkJ2@NO
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart ;TQf5|R\K
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta *fO3]+)d+
心腰部 waist of heart e{({|V '
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart He0=-AR8
三、腹部平片 KUB film 3<|`0pt}
结石 calculus /9Q3iV$I]
钙化影 calcified shadow +&tgJ07A
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern z2ms^Y=j
液气平面 gas-fluid level \u`
)kJ5o1
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air M|T4~Q U&
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination l>lW]W
胃肠造影 gastroenterography #Z=tJ
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography Mr+@c)
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign ,p{`pma
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) lJy
kyyCY+
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine z;]CmR@Ki
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon F9c`({6k
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time O|kKwadC
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach ^s7,_!.Pq
充盈缺损 filling defect VeiElU3
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds Zr$d20M2A;
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) 7k{2Upg;
球部激惹现象 irritable cap x9>\(-uU
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) qOCJT Og7
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis <Pqv;WI|R
蠕动消失 aperistalsis q)u2Y]
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation h4&;?T S
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon ]7sx;KFv
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold cl[!`Z
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold <x%M3BTx
五、胆道 bile tract $*MCUnl
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography 6@;ha=[+
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography wWW~_zP0
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography H(+<)qH
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) ul7o%Hs
胆总管扩张dilated common duct m/&i9A
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily v vu<:16
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately u
.|~
收缩功能 contractibility H!
r &aP
六、骨骼skeleton $Ptk|qFe
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone E,G<_40
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance q?{}3 dPC
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction q1Qje%9@t
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) #~Q=h`9
骨化 ossification JV"NZvjN7d
畸形 deformity Eyh|a.)-
缩短 shortening 85U.wpG
移位 displacement 3*S[eqMJc
脱位 luxation Dk)}|GJ()"
半脱位 subluxation =Z0t :{
连接不正 malunion :Z`4j
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture '8Wv.X0`
多发性骨折 multiple fracture SBKeb|H8
病理性骨折 pathological fracture 6XUuGxQV/
关节间隙 joint space 9Ld9N;rWm#
椎间隙 intervertebral space 9w^zY;Y
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage 'w<BJTQIL
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) XF,<i1ZlM
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis I@Z)<5Zf
死骨 sequestrum crmUrF#
骨质坏死 bone necrosis tB6k|cPC
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint -WR}m6yMr
关节强直 ankyloses Y(i?M~3\t
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation h8}8Lp(/'
对线良好 good alignment av' *u
对位良好 good apposition xfHyC'?
七、泌尿系统 urological system #}o<v|;
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) R_e)mkE
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography "E PD2,%S
萎缩 atrophy =HE
m)
移位 deformity R2^iSl%pj
扭曲 distortion 'h*Zc}Q:
充盈缺损 filling defect 1r4,XSk
狭窄 stricture +WF.wP?y
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone UC!5
wVY
八、X线检查位置 hZuYdV{'h
前后位 anteroposterior projection \iZ1W
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection \3^Pjx
侧位 lateral projection epVH.u%
立位 upright position q|{tQJfYg
斜位 oblique projection Z=9dMND
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection 79tJV
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection )BLmoJ
Of
前凸位 lordotic position projection 3
jh|y,
轴位 axial position +89o`u_l%
头位 cranial projection AQ}l%
尾位 caudal projection qJMp1DC