医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 _NT[
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一、肺 Lung pw;r 25
清晰 clear ENyAF%6
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows i
N`6xkY
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings CrO`=\
钙化灶 calcified )2]a8JVf
空洞 cavitation yl]UUBcQ
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) /.2 qWQH
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density Ge0Lb+<G
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows zv@bI~3~
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density J[6VBM.Y
圆形致密影 a round density hk.yR1Y|
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening %Gu][_.L
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle 5Edo%Hd6
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement "8?TSm8
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion ,m3":{G:t.
液气胸 hydropneumothorax Hh@2 m\HA
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement C
rfRLsN]
肺门模糊 hilar haze 2md.S$V$,
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density MISE C[/
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) TwUsVM(~
阴影性状 shadow M2L0c?
淡的 haziness !%V*UR9
云雾状 clouding %
!yxC
线装 streaky Wxc^_iqA1
絮状 patcky `^zQ$au'u
结节状 nodular W%WC(/hor
块状 massive ]Cr]Pvab{
粟粒状 miliary /xJY7yF
融合状 confluent 5c)<'EP
均匀的 homogeneous w~n kNqm
二、心脏 Heart zG<0CZQ8
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement C?S~L5a#oC
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta =:;YTie
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart o:4CI
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment wCC-Y kA
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery 7pd$?=__I
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow EL"4E',
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement LK{a9`
h
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation
unpfA#&!"
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart Xa>}4j.
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta |KTpK(6p
心腰部 waist of heart WVinP(#nfM
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart z(#=
tC|
三、腹部平片 KUB film q;KshpfRMD
结石 calculus O-?z' @5cI
钙化影 calcified shadow C CLfvex
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern 2Qw)-EB
液气平面 gas-fluid level p_A5C?&
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air J6= w:c
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination anpJAB:1
胃肠造影 gastroenterography -`,~9y;tx
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography \\y}DNh
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign iZsau2K
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) [8xeQKp4
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine Xqc'R5Cw
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon X+/{%P!w
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time -WQ_[t9l
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach &@-1"-H
充盈缺损 filling defect c1 gz#,
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds cr2{sGn|
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) f_^ix
球部激惹现象 irritable cap [_B+DD=}
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) ;a#}fX
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis %V@R k.<
蠕动消失 aperistalsis m$j
n5:
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation B]&Lh~Im
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon
?{y:s!!
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold =1V>Vd?8.
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold D}=/w+
五、胆道 bile tract MR^umLM88
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography *[XN.sb8E
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography ?,A}E|jZ
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography e'}ePvN
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) }I`
ku.@5
胆总管扩张dilated common duct xfbK eS8
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily 6qz!M
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately mcAH1k e
收缩功能 contractibility B^Rw?:hN
六、骨骼skeleton 9RCB$Ka6X
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone o O{|C&A
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance A>&>6O4
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction 4iL.4Uj{N
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) #*ZnA,
骨化 ossification ;T"m[D
畸形 deformity 3 cV+A]i
缩短 shortening mcP{-oJ0W
移位 displacement #J<`p
脱位 luxation )Rm
'YmO
半脱位 subluxation
IlC:dA
连接不正 malunion 7 ~%
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture >%jEo'0;_
多发性骨折 multiple fracture Jnu}{^~
病理性骨折 pathological fracture %$9)1"T0Y
关节间隙 joint space 5Xy^I^J
椎间隙 intervertebral space EP*["fx
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage TS~Y\Cp
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) uP%;QBb
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis TGt1d
死骨 sequestrum -G^t-I
骨质坏死 bone necrosis `|ck5DZT5L
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint hsQ rd%{f
关节强直 ankyloses -Uhl
9
=
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation ]B-$p p
对线良好 good alignment J!TK*\a2
对位良好 good apposition 9-Nq[i"
七、泌尿系统 urological system Zc' >}X[G
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) ;5JIY7t
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography Fh!!
T%5>C
萎缩 atrophy {eD>E(Y@z1
移位 deformity <*6y`X
扭曲 distortion 2'UFHiK
充盈缺损 filling defect n[cyK$"
狭窄 stricture YK=#$,6
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone Ppo^qb
八、X线检查位置 (82\&dfy
前后位 anteroposterior projection |@Idf`
N$
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection gkq RO19
侧位 lateral projection yM#trqv5
立位 upright position b]qfcV
斜位 oblique projection N mjBJ_G
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection /CQQ^/
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection 5P t}
前凸位 lordotic position projection t[yD8h
轴位 axial position Sy0s`\[
头位 cranial projection {msB+n~WZ
尾位 caudal projection =iN_Ug+