医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 cN6
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一、肺 Lung E \EsWb
清晰 clear ~2N"#b&J
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows qLG&WB
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings fk>aqm7D!
钙化灶 calcified )
7@ `ut
空洞 cavitation gp?uHKsM
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) : /N0!&7
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density yu|8_<bq
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows Y
%^w:|f^
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density k FD;i
圆形致密影 a round density 'ya{9EdlT
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening ^*Q ?]N
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle g%I"U>!2
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement |F[+k e
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion hEH?[>9
液气胸 hydropneumothorax UHkMn
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement Vwf$JdK%&l
肺门模糊 hilar haze Tv=mgH=b
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density W,n!3:7s
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) AKfDXy
阴影性状 shadow Eyqa?$R
淡的 haziness 'sKk"bi;0
云雾状 clouding ]:- mbgW
线装 streaky ZJJY8k `
絮状 patcky u4?L 67x
结节状 nodular 1n8/r}q'H
块状 massive H$t_Xw==
粟粒状 miliary -@2iaQ(5a2
融合状 confluent k]|~>9eY]
均匀的 homogeneous lfgq=8d
二、心脏 Heart xLajso1g69
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement GL}]y -f
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta I$G['`XX/
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart ^uc=f2=>,
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment iWkWR"ysy
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery _;y9$"A
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow u&vf+6=9Dd
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement +Kc
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation WpP}stam/
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart FD
#8mg
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta PFjL1=7I
心腰部 waist of heart qe#tj/aZ
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart ? OM!+O
三、腹部平片 KUB film <'oQ \eB
结石 calculus (ZZ8L-s
钙化影 calcified shadow cV6D<,)
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern .`eN8Dl1
液气平面 gas-fluid level K\r8g=U
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air YD6'#(
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination X+9>A.92
胃肠造影 gastroenterography ouQ T
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography ~36!?&eA8
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign q|(HsLs
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) ^n
z.j
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine rb.N
~
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon v
k^xT
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time ?fSG'\h>
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach
b4kgFA
充盈缺损 filling defect T8$y[W-c
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds u6JM]kR
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) Svmy(w~m
球部激惹现象 irritable cap wc4=VC"y
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) WOap+
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis #*Ctwl,T
蠕动消失 aperistalsis y<Ot)fa$
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation 57c8xk[.2
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon X \/#@T
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold
z
Iu'[U
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold b\2
ds,
五、胆道 bile tract FZnw0tMq
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography (GfZ*
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography KZf+MSq?
B
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography gPPkT"
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) ww1[rCh\+
胆总管扩张dilated common duct <e6#lFQqK
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily SmO~,2=
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately WpvhTX
收缩功能 contractibility es7=%!0
六、骨骼skeleton "w<#^d_6
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone BI@[\aRLQ
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance >A"(KSNL
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction 5b7RYV
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) QMm%@zH
骨化 ossification t]G:L}AOl
畸形 deformity @H8EWTZ
缩短 shortening {'H(g[k
移位 displacement jPkn[W#
6
脱位 luxation ?a]mDx>xh
半脱位 subluxation +=)+'q]S
连接不正 malunion qH_Dc=~la
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture u*9V&>o
多发性骨折 multiple fracture ,a?
oaPH
病理性骨折 pathological fracture 47/iF97
关节间隙 joint space '|=;^Z7.K
椎间隙 intervertebral space GC'O[q+
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage Ax}JLPz5'
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) ^LLzZnkcZ
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis wy2
D; ;
死骨 sequestrum ?aMOZn?
骨质坏死 bone necrosis <OPAr
ht
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint }<:}XlwT%
关节强直 ankyloses PPsE${!
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation vZ Lf
对线良好 good alignment e96k{C`j0
对位良好 good apposition FVBYo%Ap
七、泌尿系统 urological system ovV'VcUs
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) i!Ga5 v8n:
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography |Q>IrT
萎缩 atrophy >LuYHr
移位 deformity e>7i_4(C
扭曲 distortion Ga'swP
=hf
充盈缺损 filling defect <of^AKbt
狭窄 stricture A5w6]: f2
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone bN@
l?w
八、X线检查位置 `9.r`&T6K
前后位 anteroposterior projection nFs(?Rv*
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection ;A!BVq
侧位 lateral projection Q NVa?'0"Y
立位 upright position >&k-'`Nw
斜位 oblique projection 0SPk|kr
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection */DO ex"y
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection 0qT%!ku&
前凸位 lordotic position projection c[Zje7 @
轴位 axial position 2GStN74X r
头位 cranial projection 01o4Th m
尾位 caudal projection nt.y
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