医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 r1/9BTPKdJ
一、肺 Lung p> g[:
~
清晰 clear %uDH_J|^
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows UX%J?;g
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings KZ@'NnQ
钙化灶 calcified 9PdD =9HH
空洞 cavitation I&;9
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) Go(Td++HS
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density GQ2/3kt
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows J?C:@Q
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density _$i)bJ
圆形致密影 a round density E
YA=f
U
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening -ARks_\
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle 45rG\$%#
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement 8QMib3p
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion hkMV
A
液气胸 hydropneumothorax
wSi$.C2
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement )+|Y;zC9
肺门模糊 hilar haze J4u>77I
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density LVT:oIQ
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) ^h^.;Iqr=
阴影性状 shadow .3&(Y
淡的 haziness 54=*vokX_
云雾状 clouding ~LQzt@G4
线装 streaky w[C*w\A\M
絮状 patcky Jv} &8D
结节状 nodular 2M=h:::W
块状 massive Cz
&3=
),G
粟粒状 miliary PQp/&D4K
融合状 confluent &gKDw!
al
均匀的 homogeneous \&b 9
二、心脏 Heart RLZfXXMn
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement hQ'W7EF
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta ~6IY4']m*
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart #ID
fJ2
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment "=1gA~T
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery c g)>A
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow rVP{ ^Jdo
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement zw+RDo
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation XRO(p`OE-
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart -DK
6(<:0
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta UI"UBZZ$
心腰部 waist of heart dr c-5{M
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart ;!G#Y
Oe
三、腹部平片 KUB film K_~kL0=4
结石 calculus r-go921
钙化影 calcified shadow L""ZI5J{F9
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern IT{c:jo1{`
液气平面 gas-fluid level zyhM*eM.7
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air GcDA
0%i
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination \Oq8kJ=
胃肠造影 gastroenterography qZ'2M.;
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography &bz% @p;
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign KE ?NQMU
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) jU~ x^Y
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine &l3(+4Sh
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon r{^43g?
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time 8["%e#%`$
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach ]XbMqHGS
充盈缺损 filling defect / Ws>;0
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds 7P<f(@0h$E
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) YLi6GY
球部激惹现象 irritable cap }oA>0Nw$K
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) C1e@{>
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis |T$?vIG[
蠕动消失 aperistalsis uxB)dS
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation ij;NM:|Sd
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon
n0T|U
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold [U/h'A.j
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold wpuK?fP
五、胆道 bile tract \?
)S{
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography V~[b`&F
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography lUB?eQuN_
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography 5RN!"YLI3
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) >fzyD(>
胆总管扩张dilated common duct OyVP_Yx,V
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily F0p=|W
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately yy=hCjQ)
收缩功能 contractibility U
%s@np
六、骨骼skeleton NGSts\D'}
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone M%`CzCL
u
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance 0|FxSc
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction RB+Jp
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) .)b<cH~%
骨化 ossification 1#6emMV.`
畸形 deformity L? DlR hu
缩短 shortening AJ7^'p9Y
移位 displacement [w'Q9\,p
脱位 luxation W+!UVUpW
半脱位 subluxation q7Hf7^a
连接不正 malunion \,G9'c 'u
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture S4_/%~?
多发性骨折 multiple fracture oL@ -<;zKO
病理性骨折 pathological fracture bwXeEA@{
关节间隙 joint space ^qR|lA@=\
椎间隙 intervertebral space _M`ZF*o=c
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage ad: qOm
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) adP :{j
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis *yRsFC{,
死骨 sequestrum W]oD(eZ
骨质坏死 bone necrosis 2/*u$~
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint x8rg/y
关节强直 ankyloses ;nBf
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation RhE~Rwbx
对线良好 good alignment qS+;u`s
对位良好 good apposition |ky40[C
七、泌尿系统 urological system @vlP)"
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) _U^[h !
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography 4$KDf;m@
萎缩 atrophy o%?)};o
移位 deformity wN!\$i@E:
扭曲 distortion GGuU(sL*
充盈缺损 filling defect Qfm$q~`D^W
狭窄 stricture 4?+K
`
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone dxs5woP
八、X线检查位置 ZW [&7[4
前后位 anteroposterior projection Nbpn"*L,
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection _X4Y1zh
侧位 lateral projection $NVVurXa
立位 upright position oVp
ZR$
斜位 oblique projection "] V\ Y!
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection
xfb .Z(
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection RTc@`m3 M
前凸位 lordotic position projection F\DiT|?}
轴位 axial position
J
8%gC
头位 cranial projection ;|Mfq`s
尾位 caudal projection ni ?k' \\