医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 Vn}0}Jz
一、肺 Lung \&3+D8H>n
清晰 clear
xF'EiX ~
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows WiR(;m<g
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings J
@1!Oq>
钙化灶 calcified "$^ ~!1~
空洞 cavitation f+,qNvBY/
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) w-MCZwCr)
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density k"zv~`i'
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows 97C]+2R%^
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density Ma
Qqs=
圆形致密影 a round density 6}Ci>_i4#
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening ?X<eV1a
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle H3=qe I
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement 'yEHI
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion 29] G^f>
液气胸 hydropneumothorax oY3;.;'bk
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement zL0pw'4
肺门模糊 hilar haze <=/hil
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density ,<P
vovg_
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) .g<DD)`
阴影性状 shadow G<J?"oQbRT
淡的 haziness hD!7Cl Q
云雾状 clouding Kn;"R:
线装 streaky !M1"b;
絮状 patcky <<5(0#y#
结节状 nodular `d`T*_
块状 massive SO'vpz{
粟粒状 miliary y?? XIsF
融合状 confluent vXZOy%$o
均匀的 homogeneous Y.rsR6
二、心脏 Heart p}~JgEE
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement I1M%J@ Cz
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta Lnl=.z`jK
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart . 3T3EX|G
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment )Y{L&A
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery y766;
X:J
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow F{;((VboN
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement BUXpCxQ
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation y}ev ,j
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart R$[vm6T?
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta vV-`jsq20H
心腰部 waist of heart Txb#C[`
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart I
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三、腹部平片 KUB film 56kI
5:
结石 calculus ~U&AI1t+J
钙化影 calcified shadow ^o&. fQ*
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern z5*'{t)
液气平面 gas-fluid level ?J>
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air ')<hON44EX
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination +Q"4Migbe@
胃肠造影 gastroenterography 5D//*}b,
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography Yufc{M00
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign -;WGS o
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) ee76L&:
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine t&e{_|i#+
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon N6i Q8P-
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time D_zZXbNc
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach (V2fRv
充盈缺损 filling defect -r]W
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds ((M>s&\y*Y
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) d<P\&!R(
球部激惹现象 irritable cap ' %o#q6O
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) tf`^v6m%]
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis d5:c^`
蠕动消失 aperistalsis !'*-$e
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation xdkZdx>N
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon U
z>+2m(
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold gV_}-VvP
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold aO4?m+
五、胆道 bile tract 9InVQCf2J
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography d>qY{Fdz
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography P71Lqy)5}A
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography k@W1-D?
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) HLG"a3tt
胆总管扩张dilated common duct =Jb>x#Y
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily +ksVtG,
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately C1QA)E['V
收缩功能 contractibility $*fMR,~t&
六、骨骼skeleton k;FUs[
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone ?.BC#S)q1
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance YNi.SXH
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction 11;MN
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) 8bld3p"^
骨化 ossification t1x1,SL
畸形 deformity /9fR'EO{x
缩短 shortening 6T`i/".
移位 displacement qlPT Ll
脱位 luxation
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半脱位 subluxation |&i<bqLw:
连接不正 malunion I-l_TpM)
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture 13x p_j
多发性骨折 multiple fracture *\F
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病理性骨折 pathological fracture aK^q_ghh[
关节间隙 joint space IJcsmNWm
椎间隙 intervertebral space ]:J$w]\
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage s!$a\ k
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) eTcd"Kd/
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis b@hqz!)l`
死骨 sequestrum 5\VWC I
骨质坏死 bone necrosis sK?twg;D*|
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint /
Lr.e%
关节强直 ankyloses >Cq<@$I2EB
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation :?1Dko^
对线良好 good alignment gL
/9/b4
对位良好 good apposition O+x!Bg7
七、泌尿系统 urological system &s>Jb?_5Mx
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) z},# ~L6$q
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography Q\sK"~@3
萎缩 atrophy b4Ekqas
移位 deformity +D*Z_Yh6
扭曲 distortion lNO;O}8
充盈缺损 filling defect aw&,S"A@
狭窄 stricture p!AAFmc
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone }"%N4(Kd
八、X线检查位置 ]A_`0"m.U
前后位 anteroposterior projection b"
[|:F>P
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection $<[79al#
侧位 lateral projection @IZnFHN
立位 upright position [mueZQyI?0
斜位 oblique projection e]$s
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右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection >/6 _ ^
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection `">=
前凸位 lordotic position projection
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轴位 axial position Gav$HLx
头位 cranial projection ;5Ac
FB
尾位 caudal projection wb ;xRP"w