医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。
}Yb[
一、肺 Lung eD,.~Y#?=
清晰 clear aI P
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows l4F%VR4KT
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings !%CWZZ 6u
钙化灶 calcified bo2H]PL*
空洞 cavitation Sc\*W0m
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) '))0Lh
l
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density arIf'CG6
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows *=8JIs A>!
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density ;&9)I8Us
圆形致密影 a round density $Q &lSVQ
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening vx>
b^tJKC
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle C[ NSkr
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement z06r6
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion Oxm>c[R
液气胸 hydropneumothorax 6</
xL9#/
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement h{%nC>m;
肺门模糊 hilar haze ]^yFaTfS
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density 2GP=&K/A
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) I3aNFa}
阴影性状 shadow B^1>PE
淡的 haziness
9Vg?{v!yn
云雾状 clouding 3k\#CiB{
线装 streaky .CL[_;}
絮状 patcky {+] [5<q
结节状 nodular 8L,5Q9
$
块状 massive U bXh,QEG*
粟粒状 miliary |z9*GY6RU
融合状 confluent E%yNa]\P
均匀的 homogeneous $:8x(&+/@
二、心脏 Heart (SWYOMo"
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement D[4u+g?[}>
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta R_ B7EP
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart y=fx%~<>
8
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment 6^V=?~a&z
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery #H)v
K"hF
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow 4QH3fTv
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement ~Y `ld
L
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation 6hw=
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart U\ ig:
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta xR-%L
心腰部 waist of heart +O"!qAiK
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart .t{MIC
三、腹部平片 KUB film 2L:_rR#
w
结石 calculus HU1h8E$-
钙化影 calcified shadow :nh_k4S@v
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern F5LuSy+v
液气平面 gas-fluid level Pnk5mK$
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air .?D7dyU l1
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination bZ?v-fn\D,
胃肠造影 gastroenterography rxVanDb=W
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography s28`OKC}
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign %d1,a$*3}
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) &VhroHO
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine i)o2klIkB
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon ls?~+\Jb
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time 0QBiC]9
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach h(<,fg1
充盈缺损 filling defect QMA%$
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds %G3h?3
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) ,QOG!T4
球部激惹现象 irritable cap r [9x
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) rR$h*
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis P]<4R:yb
蠕动消失 aperistalsis 6~0$Z-);(
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation
jPC[_g
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon K#l:wH_
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold
bo<~jb{
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold )) Zf|86N
五、胆道 bile tract $[9%QQk5<L
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography 1;d$#j
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography LZ\q37UV
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography ,368d9,rDz
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) 7wWFr
胆总管扩张dilated common duct w _u\p a
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily [N FFB96
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately :f Kl]XO
收缩功能 contractibility > pgX^
六、骨骼skeleton i}b${no
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone -Btk 3
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance 4)E_0.C
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction Pl(Q,e7O]
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) s|@6S8E
骨化 ossification d; [C6d
畸形 deformity ::o lN
缩短 shortening YW-usvl&
移位 displacement J2d.f}-
脱位 luxation k[0-CB
半脱位 subluxation 3E7ULK
连接不正 malunion :Y-{Kn6`_
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture ,?PTcQF
多发性骨折 multiple fracture "BD~xP(
病理性骨折 pathological fracture AUeu1(
关节间隙 joint space 7}1~%:6
椎间隙 intervertebral space 2*rH?dz8E
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage PiY Y6i0
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) oV)~@0B&0
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis Q
*~LCtrI
死骨 sequestrum _AYXc] 4%
骨质坏死 bone necrosis c/Qt Ot
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint `/_o!(Z`
关节强直 ankyloses v. %R}Pa
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation UU'|Xz9~
对线良好 good alignment H|,Oswk~-
对位良好 good apposition yPM3a7-Bm
七、泌尿系统 urological system ()t
p>
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) f5F@^QXQ
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography 1[kMOp
萎缩 atrophy ^?$WVB
移位 deformity pkP?i5,
扭曲 distortion X_qf"|i
充盈缺损 filling defect [qdRUV'
狭窄 stricture d\ %WgH
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone XIvn_
&d;G
八、X线检查位置 ZPc
@Zr`z
前后位 anteroposterior projection fKp#\tCc y
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection $=5=NuX
侧位 lateral projection N+zKr/
立位 upright position .udv"?!z
斜位 oblique projection u4.ngjJ
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection @lCJ G!u
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection GFfq+=se
前凸位 lordotic position projection FvN<<&B
轴位 axial position KQ`qpX^d
头位 cranial projection j>]nK~[ka
尾位 caudal projection !1n8vzs"c