医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 .shi?aWm
一、肺 Lung 19E(Hsz
清晰 clear gv*b`cl
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows eZ'8JU]
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings ]
ZV[}7I.
钙化灶 calcified dY8 H2;
空洞 cavitation [l}H:%O,
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) c]6b|mHT
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density \<7Bx[/D4
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows B2;P%B
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density 1&w%TRC2x
圆形致密影 a round density jPWONz(#
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening GwX)~.i
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle z?byNd8
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement & NYaKu,}
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion CIW4E
液气胸 hydropneumothorax m{IlRf'
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement R{g=
N%O
肺门模糊 hilar haze wm5&5F4:
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density R@c] )\^]
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) kckRHb
eU
阴影性状 shadow +( LH!\{^
淡的 haziness lC5zqyG
云雾状 clouding +7.|1x;C
线装 streaky Y@FYo>0O
絮状 patcky E !kN h
结节状 nodular Phn^0 iF
块状 massive a\P :jgF
粟粒状 miliary J!C \R5\
融合状 confluent 9qap#A
均匀的 homogeneous LUQ.=:mBR
二、心脏 Heart 7KgaXi3r
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement nCYz];".
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta U$y
9f
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart m` 1dB%;?
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment &M|rRd~*
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery 8a6.77c
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow \(Ma>E4PNU
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement }3lG'Y#Kpy
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation ilL%
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart ^Gk)aX
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta tl dK@!E3
心腰部 waist of heart %{
BV+&
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart S)hDsf.I
三、腹部平片 KUB film AZ.QQ*GZ#y
结石 calculus YP,,vcut
钙化影 calcified shadow EjfQF C
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern b
ri[&=
液气平面 gas-fluid level &4OOW;,?<
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air ,$`}Rf<
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination q
4Pv\YO
胃肠造影 gastroenterography X3sAy(q
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography |&K;*g|a
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign lITd{E,+r
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) 3w^W6hN)
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine ^:/c<(DQD
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon .6MG#N
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time P
4B|l:
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach =|J*9z;
充盈缺损 filling defect )q{qWobS0
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds ;?q(8^A
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) UG\2wH_
球部激惹现象 irritable cap J4eU6W+ {
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) QyCrz{/
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis E^J &?-
蠕动消失 aperistalsis 0V6, &rTF
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation 2|7:`e~h
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon RF*>U
a
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold yLf9cS6=
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold Foq3==*p
五、胆道 bile tract XR",.3LD
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography yW?-Z[
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography B^9C}QB
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography hqeknTGsIn
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) r1F5'?NZ(0
胆总管扩张dilated common duct Pz*BuL<
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily : F3UJ[V
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately V=fu[#<@Ig
收缩功能 contractibility Q.9,W=<6
六、骨骼skeleton Z:^<NdKe
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone EwcFxLa!F
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance FS8l}t
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction \X6q A-
Ht
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) E`La
O
骨化 ossification -J!n 7
畸形 deformity D(Z#um8n
缩短 shortening xN$V(ZX4
移位 displacement hQ>$"0K
脱位 luxation JK,^:tgm
半脱位 subluxation
~tTa[_ a!
连接不正 malunion ;~
Xjk
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture &:C[
n q
多发性骨折 multiple fracture %;]/Z%!
病理性骨折 pathological fracture |
#a{1Z)
关节间隙 joint space !M }-N
椎间隙 intervertebral space +?t&
7={~
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage `r&Ui%fk;0
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) x!85P\sm
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis ZH=Bm^
死骨 sequestrum (j:[<U
骨质坏死 bone necrosis gzK/ l:
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint ku57<kb
关节强直 ankyloses ZJ)>gV
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation CNj |vYj
对线良好 good alignment
{a>JQW5=
对位良好 good apposition CXu$0DQ(
七、泌尿系统 urological system VAheus
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) %26HB
w=JF
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography Z@m5hx&
萎缩 atrophy l YdATM(h
移位 deformity Ozulp(8*
扭曲 distortion |J-tU)|1vl
充盈缺损 filling defect _MQh<,Z8
狭窄 stricture d]_].D$
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone !oRN,m[7)p
八、X线检查位置 cjLA7I.O
前后位 anteroposterior projection
0jXDjk5'<
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection 4
q % Gc
侧位 lateral projection ok-q9dM
立位 upright position cy8r}wD
斜位 oblique projection IAmMO[9H
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection J1r\Cp+h0
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection h^."wv
前凸位 lordotic position projection 'L1yFv
轴位 axial position 0|\JbM
头位 cranial projection ,F'y :
px
尾位 caudal projection 0!c/4^