1955: Opening day1 Dr%wa b"yy
An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the `G`R|B
Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the ~;Y Tz
park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, GQ@mQ=i
1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was g.hYhg'KUh
held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests q
jc4IW t~
and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, ~ *"iLf@,
were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's qA`@~\ qh"
friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald L2EQ 9i'[
Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it N A Y3.e
was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event 7/QK"0
did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation- sw$uZ$$~#
only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads $S?gQN .e
nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 a4 N f\7
°C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking ! {G
0'
fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains W~D_+[P|_
or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated +D ]raU
negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged EUcD[
Rv
guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell -mRgB"8
soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft F/> \ uzu
that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas e]88 4FP
leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland U-fxlg|-C
to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over t
&{;6MiE
the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur B^P&+ ,\[}
Carrousel f ?k0(rl
The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited q: FhuOP
members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the h`1<+1J9
true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel pIcg+~
for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as eZT8gKbjJ)
【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin S5TVfV5L I
badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For rn*'[i?
example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago N?vb^?
today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years, Disney did oH x :["F
officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the 3jxC}xz)
park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as Dbn 344s
"Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday -\? -
July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the [//i "Nm
first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson t7F0[E'=5\
with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre- \Yr*x7!
purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with B0Wf$
s^7t
two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and 2\
1+M)
Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a _< .V P
deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. X<;.
guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received d[3me{Rs
【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded (cLK hn@
one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single Pq ya %j
Disney-owned park in the world. F:ycV~bE
W5 y. j: t6 G2 j7 \0 A+ Q! c2 h T"Y#u
A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, I8J>>H'#A
most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of Zwc&4:5%
wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course *Sj) 9mp
for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for %MHL@
Nn>e
$400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a q ][kD2
prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of _j , Tc*T
Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to ESV./~K
his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was u ?72]?SM
dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider }VJ>}i*
across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the hTLf$_|
P
Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, sX~E ~$_g
with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was cwzkA,e@
simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, h 8UhrD<:
and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th vf3) T;X>
century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th G)< B7-72;
century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is SnFy K5
toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the a8T9=KY^
Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to p+=zl`\=|
public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be O oA!N-Q
taught.Evolving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the G>vK$W$f N
Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 8X`DFe J
students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and @ ~hy'6/
graduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of 'Jf
LTG.
Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video 6t; ;Fz
learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available $5 G(_
online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. [ x{$f7CEh
About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.！ k PzKTEYJL
！ t+ V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s =p.avAuSn
longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward- bQ3<>e\%B
thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, JR `$t~0t
who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth — B`eK_ '7t
the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established &l2x
h~L
the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a n! 5(Z5=
trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in H3$py|}lL
Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to students >C _G~R
regardless of gender, race, or age. The first Lowell lecture, on 7#j.y f4
geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor fe yc
for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets ++b[>};
being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate >U* p[ FGW
“courses” — which were lecture series on a single topic — Ld.9. d]
sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free $#f_p-N
lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. W6>t!1oO+
Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn FLG"c690
a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying '/qy_7O
teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University
~-vCY
Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell grE(8M
surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated government scholar FW8Zpr!u
A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by (
y !o
1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal %bTuE' `b
education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision A"pQOtrm\k
of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education b}NNkM
gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His `,SL\\%u
first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later E`_T_O=P
became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of !0lk}Uzkh
“concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University F<{,W-my `
Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new
tgG
8pL
history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry P6kD tUXF
out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.” XcT!4xG0
John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in P^"RH&Z QJ
the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all 3 6{OE !,i
around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find ^BLO}9A{P
work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law `w#VYs|k
school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in O EaL2T
Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury (bv{1 7K
litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of %ZD]qaU
0
Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto U9T}iI
County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12- tf 7HhOCYX
year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would }=v4(M `%
have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He D"aK;_W@ h
proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, |dEPy- Xe
called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next
ZqrS]i@$
novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 v@Eb[7Kq/1
weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his |U 1 [R\X
wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian R98YGW_
dT
home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near 'k j
q C
Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time c-JXW Nz
to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. 7"2BZ
As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and m-4#s
now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six T8\@CV!
ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League _4)
t
teams. >;Oa|G
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel? @C@9Tw
2Y
A. A case of murder. f=V`Nn<=A
B. A case of rape M887 Q'HSi
C. His father’s experience aNKw.S>
D. His life on the farm yLLA:5Q1
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ? 5'f_~>1Wt
.It was popular at the time of publication PTe$dPB
It earned Grisham great fame. 0vLx={i
C. It brought Grisham wealth l
opl
D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.3 y3 i6 L' Z& x. 5P #._Em
S! H) W !QAndg{;D
50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built cHr]{@7Cs
ballfields on his property ________. 8*&-u +@%
答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the z)KoK`\mE"
children s[{8:Px
My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality 0y<9JvN$9
transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they %LC)sSq{H
change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become _5n2'\] H`
grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the mQ}\ptdfV
other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents ,e$RvFB
’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s \I
i # R
clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having RgFpc*.T
to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me jS3@Z?x?*
to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and ! weYOOu
dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays @ .cord`
When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full g- #eMQ %J
form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the rA<J^dX=C
grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take 4V@0L
two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite /Tl ybSC1
often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren 5r8
[ "
never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma 0j;|IU\
carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into yT3K 2A
following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of aAoAjV NkK
candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear WR.7%U';
while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the '% Oo1:wJ
sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and lKI] q<2
Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to _mdJIa0D6k
bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly J=^5GfM)J
active kids. {XhpxJ__
Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to .*FlB>1jy
forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily >)+U^V
life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is .
VI
#
“developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, Tig6<t+Q
she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house TKw>eGe
while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold <N 80MU L|
one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am `~=Is.V[
“impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa 0Z
%<H\Z
smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive A^c5CJ_
love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty nzYFa J +
jealousies. g=v[@{9Pw
6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author Xw^:<Nx:
______ . W\DJXM]b
A. feels jealous B. feels amazed x~yd/ R
C.thinks it unnecessary D. thinks it annoying 6B?1d
/8V
7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets? v#IZSBvuQK
A. They get highly energetic. B. They quiet down.' Ox/va]e7"
C. They want more sweets. D. They go to bed. {24Pv#ZG#^
Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children? P#Ikj& l
A. They behave very well. 0$nJd_gW_
B. They like chocolate very much. :(x 90;DW
C. They receive toys from their grandparents. WHF:> 0B
The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an F{<r IR
increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that a-DE-V Uls
many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. BQ&h&57K
overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior q`;URkjk
and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins 4'; ['
and gorillas（大猩猩）, says a report in New Scientist./ D! K9 _: K5 D I `KN8ll
~% X PwNLJj+%
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by vqxTf)ys
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, anV)$PT=
many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many m
:^,qC
ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they )5V1H WjU
are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations” sQH. }W$C
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by O "h+i>|l
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “ MDCf(LhEH
many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on }&naP
environmentally friendly policies and operations.” =O _[9kuJ
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 `") I[h
percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. i\eykYc,
Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that O@Kr}8^,
although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land BR%: `uiQ<
use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. n*xNMw1x"T
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their BPOWo8TqD^
habitat by tourists and mongooses（蠓）have caught lung diseases from 3a S>U #
human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better ! O>mu6:Rf
regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where
^ ~ I
visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model Bms?`7}N
41. Ecotourism is meant to ______. #sHP\|rA
A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife" O&0R ~<n
B.have wild species respond well to contact with human dk ?0r
C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior s`2o\]
D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife xMh&C{q
42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. \dMsv1\
A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit pL-$N p] V
B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices X[[=YCi0
C. actually lack proper examination and official approval :4Vt
D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species 3 2Z4&~ I
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present h 2zCX
"ecotourism" practice goes on? +L r0i_al
It will disturb their life. \3/9lE|gh
It will affect their health. EIfrZg7R
C. It will increase their stress. L$Q +R'
D. It will threaten their survivalf VQ; =-95P
45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem /_|1,x-Kx
is to ______. hg~fFj3ST
A. encourage people to manage endangered species l9h;dI{6
B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings^ .,,73"
C. help wild animals increase their fitness v> 5F[0gE
D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease UTt#ltun ?
答案 BDC BAA ACDB（仅供参考） SOL=3hfb^
