1955: Opening day1 $'e.bh
An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the ,kLe K{
Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the Ro v 0
park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, \)r#?qn4z;
1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was 6W3}6p
held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests !M}&dW2
and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, W+Iln`L
were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's .]8 Jeb
friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald
^gv)[
Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it ~~h9yvW7&
was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event >R. ~'A/$F
did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation- mA{gj[@:x
only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads %f?#) 01>
nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 _{T`ka
°C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking b/<4\f
fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains b/E1v,/<
or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated -BN W\ ]}
negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged Ik~5j(^E-
guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell @-Gf+*GZys
soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft k98--kc5
that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas 7!Fu.Ps
>
leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland }p ."7(
to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over w[loV
the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur OB5{EILej
Carrousel bQ_i&t\yzB
The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited DlTV1X-^1
members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the awMm&8cIM
true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel Bxz{rR0XV
for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as )V~<8/)
【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin rt t?4
badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For ?T?%x(]I
example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago Sd}fse
today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years, Disney did b- %7@j
officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the >P+V!-%#
park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as Hya*7l']B
"Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday M[HPHNsA&
July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the 5+giT5K*h
first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson C6 Dq7~{B
with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre- 1rTA0+h
purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with v]Pw]m5=U
two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and $kkdB,y
Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a i8u9 ~F
deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. g)xzy^2e
guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received '^lrGO6
z7
【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded xLq+n jH E
one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single }me]?en_Ra
Disney-owned park in the world. q{n~s=
W5 y. j: t6 G2 j7 \0 A+ Q! c2 h k:`^KtBMl
A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, 9S.R%2xw`
most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of &=@ R,
wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course .J&~u0g
for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for tj{rSg7{
$400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a tJ2l_M^
prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of o NJ/AT
Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to 1[u{ 3lQ
his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was |)
T HuE(
dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider ;2#H M^Mu
across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the 3_vggK%
Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, ]
M_[*OAb
with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was oV,>u5:B
simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, %C' !
L]#
and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th >SSF:hI"J
century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th Gd:fWz(
century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is |F9/7 z\5+
toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the l&;#`\s!V
Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to wy vs#
T
public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be +!.=M
8[
taught.Evolving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the 8%vk"h:u:
Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 cnhYrX^
students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and {jggiMwo.v
graduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of oAv L?2
Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video .VTHZvyn
learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available ]#+fQR$ !
online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. 'rq
[P ",
About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.！ k j.AAY ?L
！ t+ V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s o`h F1*yp
longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward- 2l8jw:
=H
thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, J"I{0> @
who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth — Bam7^g'*!3
the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established 70*Y4'u }A
the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a WAkKbqJV
trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in GP`_R
Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to students .* V ZY
regardless of gender, race, or age. The first Lowell lecture, on sh E>gTe
geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor T4J (8!7
for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets zcP_-q]1
being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate 0j_`7<,:
“courses” — which were lecture series on a single topic — N
[ E
t
sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free cFD(Ap
lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. C+*: lLY
Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn
z.P)
:Er
a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying >g8Tl`P,iN
teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University |BF4 F5wC?
Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell NR^z!+oSR
surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated government scholar B a6''?;G
A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by v#nYH?+~mJ
1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal (A/
V( .!
education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision G W|~sE +
of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education -~]*)&
gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His C!%BW%"R
first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later D~U 4K-
became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of
q %8,@xg
“concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University QJ-6aB
Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new ^szCf|SM
history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry IF$f^$
out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.” *";,HG?|Iz
John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in 8;-a_VjA)
the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all b AGQ
around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find V)f/
umT%g
work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law =Y?M#3P.I
school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in WENPS*0oS]
Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury g75)&U`>}
litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of yL7a* C&
Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto g3Xq@RAJ c
County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12- q 6%jCt2'
year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would 8^CL:8lI^\
have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He j yb/aov
proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, 9EIHcUXe
called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next h%8[];*DpN
novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 H3H3UIIT_
weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his z
v*
hA/
wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian Pa 'g=-
home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near w[S2
] <
Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time 2,{m>fF
to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. t,gKN^P_
As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and F3HpDf y
now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six e23}' qb
ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League
p-POg%|&<
teams. rwWs\ ~.H
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel? F4xYfbwY"]
A. A case of murder. &^= 6W3RD
B. A case of rape ,_,Z<X/
C. His father’s experience Q=}p
P*
D. His life on the farm d9 ^ uEz(
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ? JL5
)
.It was popular at the time of publication a/A$
MXZ_
It earned Grisham great fame. 5V;BimI
C. It brought Grisham wealth 9*pH[vH
D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.3 y3 i6 L' Z& x. _Q_"_*e
S! H) W u(iEuF;7
50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built %C^U?m`
ballfields on his property ________. TUuw
答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the 7D
PKKvQ
children O~ s v^
My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality fTQRn
transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they
K: hZ
change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become \wwY?lOe
grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the ^NwXv p>7-
other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents X%w` :c&
’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s VSns_>o
clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having `}<x"f7.z
to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me Z3X/SQ '0
to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and B7HN NX
dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays 0wL-Ak#v
When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full H&Jp,<\x
form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the ?XOl>IO
grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take UolsF-U }'
two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite R{={7.As+
often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren 6xI9 %YDy
never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma euO!vLd X
carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into za$v I?ux
following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of G?Fqm@J{XT
candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear gT3i{iU
while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the zb<Y YJ]
sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and `?@7T-v
Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to $6 46"1S
bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly 21k^M Z
active kids. ^&^~LKl~
Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to W:5,zFW
forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily )g;*u,C
life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is YS$42J_T
“developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, <WPLjgtn3
she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house 8nKZ
while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold 04npY+1
8%
one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am X1LwIa>
“impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa 0 Z{;sW
smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive c-s A?q#|
love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty . eZsKc-@
jealousies. ePD~SO9*
6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author b"J J3$D
______ . :9c[J$R4
A. feels jealous B. feels amazed 0 rge]w.X
C.thinks it unnecessary D. thinks it annoying 3n ~n-Jo
7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets? O%hmGW4
A. They get highly energetic. B. They quiet down.' on0MhW
C. They want more sweets. D. They go to bed. d<,'9/a>
Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children? o$4xinK
A. They behave very well. tV'>9YVdG
B. They like chocolate very much. /);S?7u .
C. They receive toys from their grandparents. " bhF`,V
The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an V DN@=/
increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that T l/!Dn
many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. v4$"{W;'
overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior C]- !u Ly
and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins q $ZmR]p
and gorillas（大猩猩）, says a report in New Scientist./ D! K9 _: K5 D 9^4BqAWYrV
~% X
QGq8r>
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by X"sc'#G T
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, $URL7hrh U
many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many Fk4 T>8q2;
ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they !:^?GN #~x
are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations” kM JA#{ <
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by 7A=* 3
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “ zn3]vU!
many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on 8aMmz!S
environmentally friendly policies and operations.” uH.1'bR?a
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 eE0'3?q(
percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. {^ jRV
@
Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that JjC&
io
although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land c|2+J :}p
use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. ahmxbv3f=5
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their oQ{
X 2\
habitat by tourists and mongooses（蠓）have caught lung diseases from t3VZjO
human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better k >V~ iA
regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where \&,{N_G#L.
visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model N2Q b+
41. Ecotourism is meant to ______.
' ]__V[
A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife" tVr^1 Y
B.have wild species respond well to contact with human 9\S,$A{{*
C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior mJYG k_ua
D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife $a.,; :
42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. Id<O/C
A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit 87p tab@
B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices q
o!6
)Z
C. actually lack proper examination and official approval Q*W$!ZUT
D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species R
\Of
,
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present ,1e\}^
"ecotourism" practice goes on? "59"HVV
It will disturb their life. SFkB,)Z N
It will affect their health. XQ I!G_\+C
C. It will increase their stress. pp1kcrE\M
D. It will threaten their survivalf q!Q*T^-rO
45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem ]wHXrB8vx
is to ______. i@o'Fc
A. encourage people to manage endangered species t+IrQf,P[
B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings^ X 3(CY`HH[
C. help wild animals increase their fitness ^CfWLL&
c
D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease a? ]~Sw"@
答案 BDC BAA ACDB（仅供参考） -Zfq:Kr
