2016考博英语语法之虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。freekaobo将对2016考博英语语法虚拟语气做归纳和用法。 h [IYA1/y  
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　　一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 TwuX-b  
　　(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 XJh:U0  
　　A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式(be动词用were)。 z
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　　B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 R@<_Hb;Aeb  
　　C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 JOdwv4(3V  
　　The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. 2b#(X'ob  
　　---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” e*P=2*]M  
　　---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” .'S^&M/$  
　　I wish that he weren’t so lazy. \+{t4Im  
　　(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 [{@zb-h  
　　His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. TmYP_5g:  
　　(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： Dr6s^}}~n  
　　I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 {x[;5TM  
　　I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 }
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　　I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。  W `N}  
　　(4)It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。 z+k=|RMau  
　　It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. p?V?nCv1O  
　　It is high time that we　put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。 v]:+`dV  
　　(5)as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构： H wp{<  
　　Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. |.(CIu~b   
　　The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. -
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　　(6)由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如： fVDDYo2\  
　　She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 #v4L oNm  
　　The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. j0iAU1~_VX  
　　(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for： X*!Dc,0.k  
　　If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded. 2mqK3-c  
　　(8) 虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。 :reP} Da7q  
　　They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。 |(V?,^b^ro  
　　She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。 fB~O |g  
　　(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等 qKdS7SoS  
　　If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry. OM.k?1%+M  
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　　二、特殊形式的虚拟语气 w66v\x~  
　　虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。 E6Q]A~  
　　A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有： B<|VeU  
　　ask要求　advise建议　arrange安排　beg请求 p%q.*trUb9  
　　command命令　decide决定　demand要求　desire渴望 9>by~4An?  
　　determine决定　insist坚持　intend打算　maintain坚持主张 (CdJ;-@D  
　　move建议，动员　propose提议　object反对　order命令 \q~w<%9Dq  
　　prefer建议　require 需要　request要求　resolve下决心 "S5S|dBc  
　　recommend推荐　suggest建议　stipulate约定，规定　urge强调，促进  fb\DiKsW  
　　vote公认，提议　decree颁布(法令)　pray请求 /+VIw`E  
　　注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 XZS5B~E '  
　　She advised that we should keep the gate locked.(书面体) N&T:Lt_N  
　　She advised us to keep the gate locked.(口语) CI`N8 f=v  
　　She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便) RMoJz6^>  
　　B、用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有： F4Zn5&.)  
　　advisable合理的　decided决定的　crucial关键的　appropriate恰当的 c=6ahX}d  
　　determined决定的　commanded命令的　arranged安排的　essential紧要的，基本的 D+Cm<ZT~  
　　complied遵照　anxious焦急的　imperative迫切的 important重要的 ^[k0k(_  
　　desirable合意的　better较好的，更好　insistent坚持的　desired想要 NbtGlSs8  
　　asked请求　keen渴望的　incredible难以置信的 adamant坚定不移的 6*u,c^a  
　　natural自然的　insisted坚持　necessary必要的　suggested建议 !z"N
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　　urgent紧迫的　ordered命令　shocked震惊的　vital极其重要的 BQ#3QL't  
　　possible可能的　strange 奇怪的　preferable (好一点) proposed提议 #EbGL])F}  
　　requested要求的　required要求的　recommended推荐　resolved决定的 h d B |#t  
　　probable(可能的)　pity可惜，憾事　shame遗憾 rK7W(D
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　　注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以for…to do… |; $Bb866/  
　　来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 z{:-!oF&CB  
　　It is essential that he should be prepared for this. X7aYpt;  
　　It is essential for him to be prepared for this. %aU4,j^],o  
　　C.用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有： -gS"pE^1  
　　advice忠告　decision决定　demand要求　desire要求、愿望 @%1IkvJV  
　　insistence坚持　motion提议　necessity必要性　order命令 ]H ~Y7\N-v  
　　preference偏爱　proposal提议　pray恳求　recommendation推荐 DG(%-w8p"  
　　request要求　requirement要求　resolution决心　suggestion劝告、忠告 8d!GZgC8R  
　　例如： R(k}y,eh.`  
　　This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。 a(;!O}3_)(  
　　The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。 $ rUSKm#  
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