医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 Oq("E(z+f
一、肺 Lung oOlI*/OMb
清晰 clear z 4-wvn<*
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows + y^s
6j}
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings ^:],JN
k
钙化灶 calcified V)`?J)
空洞 cavitation #
k6;~
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) s{/nO)
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density >i~c>+R
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows pmS=$z;I
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density ;i]c
my
圆形致密影 a round density uO6_lOT9n
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening
Oe27 3Y^e
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle y.nw6.`MR
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement ji2#O.
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion @sDd:>t
液气胸 hydropneumothorax GgtL./m
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement J+zqu
肺门模糊 hilar haze SlZu-4J.-
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density Wp'\NFe8
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) 6/z}-;,W'
阴影性状 shadow _:gV7>S?
淡的 haziness ]-6 G'i?
云雾状 clouding uPqPoI>N!
线装 streaky %:y-"m1\u$
絮状 patcky T/3UF
结节状 nodular 'W#<8eJo
块状 massive 0L6L_;o
粟粒状 miliary o
ZAjta_4
融合状 confluent 2P|-V} ;9
均匀的 homogeneous WULj@ds\~
二、心脏 Heart sq^,l6es>
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement ?G{fF
H
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta Ky DBCCOv
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart F-X>|oK>z
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment 7#&sG
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery 81g&WQ'
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow 9qPP{K,Pq2
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement C
}[u[)
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation C]`Y PM5
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart <HD/&4$[
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta c:iMbJOn#
心腰部 waist of heart <s:Xj
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart }[Y):Yy
三、腹部平片 KUB film /j^zHrLN
结石 calculus k.0C*3'
钙化影 calcified shadow AE$)RhY`
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern 2.[qcs3zl
液气平面 gas-fluid level \uaJw\EZ
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air {/Cd ^CK
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination ERZ[t\g)
胃肠造影 gastroenterography +2g3%c0}
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography &yN<@.
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign @4|/| !
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) e`oc#Od&x]
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine -7`J(f.rYC
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon |WX4L7yrhK
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time E%'DIs
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach <uvshZv
充盈缺损 filling defect Q4x71*vy
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds PTP2QAt
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) }>w;
+XU
球部激惹现象 irritable cap 26**tB<
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) 5J;c;PF
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis 3:gk:j#
蠕动消失 aperistalsis 1K`A.J:Uy
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation Ef!F;D e)A
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon m"DMa
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold _e'mG'P(
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold L:<'TXsRA
五、胆道 bile tract )&9RoW()?
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography )N/KQ[W
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography F)@<ZE
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography }FX
Rp=s
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) !S:@x.n@iR
胆总管扩张dilated common duct
,&-[$,
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily .phQ7":`
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately Ir'f((8:
收缩功能 contractibility `g=~u{0
六、骨骼skeleton m+g>s&1H
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone ~iWSc8-
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance | QA8"&r
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction ?KN_J
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) zYL^e @
骨化 ossification To`?<]8
畸形 deformity wu')Q/v
缩短 shortening 5glGlD6R
移位 displacement #7=LI\
脱位 luxation TTpF m~?(
半脱位 subluxation H~Cfni;
连接不正 malunion Xhi?b
|
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture '_)tR;s
多发性骨折 multiple fracture &UR/Txnu
病理性骨折 pathological fracture bG)MG0<TT
关节间隙 joint space AHGcWS\,X
椎间隙 intervertebral space @ni~ij
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage
v%5(-
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) k 9rnT)YU
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis D,a%Je-r,
死骨 sequestrum $P3nP=mf
骨质坏死 bone necrosis L:-lqag!
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint 7p6J
关节强直 ankyloses RZA\-?cO)
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation <h9\ A&
对线良好 good alignment \<**SSN
对位良好 good apposition _+iz?|U
七、泌尿系统 urological system /&7Yi_]
r
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) Ck?: 8YlF
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography ,~(}lvqVH
萎缩 atrophy <>_WdAOuD
移位 deformity PBtU4)
扭曲 distortion S8m&Rj3O&
充盈缺损 filling defect p)xI5,b$9
狭窄 stricture !`o:+Gg@
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone nD\os[ 3
八、X线检查位置 0z7mre^Q
前后位 anteroposterior projection ]xEE7H]\h
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection A'iF'<%
侧位 lateral projection +z0}{,HX
立位 upright position I
?Fa
斜位 oblique projection DAHf&/JK
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection jSp&mD*xv
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection @n*D>g
前凸位 lordotic position projection Cf[F`pFM
轴位 axial position O'|P|
头位 cranial projection pm@Z
[g
尾位 caudal projection ,9wenr