医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 PQF
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一、肺 Lung 4\V/A+<W
清晰 clear e
:ub]1I=
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows AYoTCi%7E
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings ebL0cK?
钙化灶 calcified ]I/* J^
空洞 cavitation 1:DA{ejS
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) 6 AY~>p
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density ^^uY)
AL
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows l%i*.b(
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density .
Z9c.E{
圆形致密影 a round density 9w0v?%%_
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening y^X]q[-?
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle Zl!
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement d[;&2Jz*
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion PK{FQ3b2{
液气胸 hydropneumothorax #MMp0
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement t >64^nS
肺门模糊 hilar haze _S &6XNV
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density [
f<g?w
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) Gh3f^PWnc
阴影性状 shadow 7Y4D9pw
淡的 haziness &=Y%4vq
云雾状 clouding =zp{ ^mC
线装 streaky
8_rd1:t5
絮状 patcky =(,kjw88w
结节状 nodular ay{]Vqi9
块状 massive 0(uba3z
粟粒状 miliary g'-hSV/@}@
融合状 confluent *li5/=UC5*
均匀的 homogeneous ^zG!Z:E
二、心脏 Heart %~Ymb&ugg
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement puF*WxU)
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta --`W1!jI@
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart BSEP*#s
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment pqb
KPpG
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery rO,n~|YJ
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow eQ#"-i
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement xaIe7.Z"xo
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation BJZGQrsz
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart [s-!tE3-
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta LA,G>#?H
心腰部 waist of heart mO0#xY_z
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart 3-![%u
三、腹部平片 KUB film <ou=f'
结石 calculus 3"6-X_
钙化影 calcified shadow ~?lmkfy
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern **n
109R
液气平面 gas-fluid level ':T"nORC
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air
!h*F58
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination *&F~<HC2+
胃肠造影 gastroenterography yjChnp
Cc
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography RJOyPZ]
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign =I)Ex)
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) {y>Kcfc/?E
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine -s6;IoG/
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon >!P !F(
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time _
3jY,*
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach |+Ub3<b[]
充盈缺损 filling defect </h}2x
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds t=r*/DxX=
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) ;e^`r;]
球部激惹现象 irritable cap ^@xn 3zJ
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) JwmH_nJ(
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis \&X*-T[]j
蠕动消失 aperistalsis 8
Jf4";
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation G
MoE,L
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon
1"} u51
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold ^eWD4Vp|4
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold q{oppali
五、胆道 bile tract AU^
5N3%j
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography I> 3]VRi
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography Z\*jt B:
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography [NIaWI,>
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) zvnR'\A_
胆总管扩张dilated common duct XSz)$9~hk
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily T0P_&E@X
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately Oi4tG&q
收缩功能 contractibility "E )0)A3=
六、骨骼skeleton _+2Jc}Yf
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone yMbg1+:
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance =-|,v*
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction *.F4?i2D
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) \
J,pV
骨化 ossification /p_#8}Uh
畸形 deformity U/3<p8
缩短 shortening |(\T;~7'
移位 displacement wW+@3bPl
脱位 luxation R k@xv;t;
半脱位 subluxation R\d)kcy4
连接不正 malunion I&G"{Dl94
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture ~V6wcXd
多发性骨折 multiple fracture Y]6kA5
病理性骨折 pathological fracture yRv4,{B}X>
关节间隙 joint space XPQY*.l&.
椎间隙 intervertebral space %d"d<pvx
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage -oR P ZtW
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) 8%Hc%T[RnT
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis K)[DA*W
死骨 sequestrum ;fGh]i
骨质坏死 bone necrosis `4kVe= {
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint oK#UEn
关节强直 ankyloses T_
/ n#e
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation !b 4v}70,
对线良好 good alignment >JckN4v
对位良好 good apposition #4BwYj(Sl
七、泌尿系统 urological system Q
.Xs%{B
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) j;SK{Oq
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography
yeqHeZ
萎缩 atrophy PEDV9u[A
移位 deformity ^2)<H7p
扭曲 distortion [Lal_}m?
充盈缺损 filling defect s_}q
狭窄 stricture _`.Wib+
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone PQJw"[N/YM
八、X线检查位置 A} v;uNS]
前后位 anteroposterior projection _{&bmE
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection ( we)0AxF'
侧位 lateral projection mr2fNA>kR
立位 upright position ,4--3 MU
斜位 oblique projection v+(-\T\
i
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection e82xBLxR%
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection 7 >-(g+NF!
前凸位 lordotic position projection i
+ICgMcd
轴位 axial position
u5N&W n{
头位 cranial projection %sCG}?
y
尾位 caudal projection A9Icn>3?`(