医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 7he,?T)vD  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） BNl5!X^{  
记分标准如下： _ Yx]_Y9I  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 dh*ZKI^@(  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 N P#w+Qw  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 YTpSHp
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　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 ?)?Ng}  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 ,I$`-$_'  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 B5VKs,g  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： SSg8}m5)Q  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； #$+*;  
　　2） 语法基本正确； ?|C2*?hZ+  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯；
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　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； He/8=$c%  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 D|L9Vs`  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 TnOggpQ6X  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 V/LLaZTE  
考生出现的问题 ]z;I_-  
不会审题 Mj?`j_X  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 E *6Cw l  
用词搭配不当。 \*y-g@-{W$  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 '$IKtM`L  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 ,~$p,ALwN7  
Our English class often told stories. n;C :0  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. sA/D]W.P  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 JCz eXNY  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. oUr66a/[U  
语法错误。 Jk11fn;\>  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 G1tY)_-8[  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； r:'.nhe  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 t!X.|`h  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 |\t-g"~sN  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 {.|CdqwY  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 TnA-;Ha  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： 
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It is often said that… fk>aqm7D!  
Generally speaking… ) 7@ `ut  
As the proverb says… \fdv]f  
It goes without saying that… eA?RK.e  
It is clear/obvious that… ZzpUUH/r  
Mary people often ask …  vF+7V*<  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： T!kN)# S  
It is true that… yYYSeH  
Everybody knows that… (gU!=F?#m  
It can be easily proved that… xml7Uarc  
No one can deny that… m,w A:o$'  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is…
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The chief reason why …is that … N!=v4f  
We must recognize that… 4f@rv^f(X  
There is no doubt that… 2- h{N  
I am of the opinion that… AKfDXy  
This can expressed as follows… "m8^zg hL  
To take…for an example (instance) … ~jk|4`I?T  
Therefore we should realize that … /Iokf@5  
We have reason to believe that… ED( Sg  
We know that… ZvX*t)VjTz  
What is more serious is that… %)1?TU  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： 7Q9 w?y~c  
Another special consideration in this case is that … U9 s&  
Besides, we should not neglect that… -@2iaQ(5a2  
However, … ,w4(kcg%iQ  
But the problem is not so simple, … G>}255qY  
Therefore… AV]2 euyn  
But it is a pity that… ET*SB  
On the other hand, …
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I do not believe that… iWkWR"ysy  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… i1d'nxk6  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… _4~+{l+  
Though we are in basic agreement with … khxnlry  
The trouble seems that… jB2[(  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… K5h  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… <n$'voR7]  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： T'9'G M  
In a word, … 0[(8  
In sum, … !f[_+CD  
In conclusion, … Wn2NMXK  
From this point of view, … IEi^kJflU  
On account of this we can find that … C}Cs8eUn  
The result is dependent on … Rhs/3O8k  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… {JT&w6Jz  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… &p@O_0nF  
　　2.句子连接 C,r;VyW6BI  
　　(1)“启” ~36!?&eA8  
in the first place at present @": ^)87  
currently it goes without saying that Q)h(nbbVak  
lately first k4J+J.|  
first of all now gwMNYMI  
presently firstly ZY+qA   
generally recently <]2wn  
in the beginning to begin with ,f>k%_U}  
to start with in general rEWb"  
　　(2)“承” #\OA)`U  
after a few days after a while aW7^d'ZZ\  
also at any arte :$c |  
at the same time besides ;e*!S}C,  
by this time certainly sO@Tf\d  
consequently for example kffcm/  
for instance for this purpose 5rik 7a)Z]  
from now on furthermore } |=|s f  
in addition in addition to… 4kx N<]  
in fact in other words j\M?~=*w  
in particular in the same manner > ~O.@|  
incidentally indeed VOLj>w  
meanwhile moreover WNtW|IV  
no doubt obviously :V||c5B+  
of course particularly ckCE1e>s  
second secondly 0g8NHkM:2a  
similarly so ]Y&VT7+Z  
soon still @r1_U,0e  
then third (tW`=]z-<  
thirdly truly $I?"lky  
unlike… what is more v]UwJz3<  
　　(3)“转” ~k5W@`"W  
after all all the same Q7CsJzk~)  
anyway at the same time fk-RV>yr  
but by this time %?/
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conversely despite… JucY[`|JV  
especially… fortunately OY({.uVdX  
however in other words E]r?{t`]  
in particular in spite of… ^
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in the same way likewise K3uRs{l|  
luckily nevertheless a 1*p*dM#  
no doubt not withstanding … veECfR;  
on the contrary on the other hand N'=gep0
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otherwise perhaps… 9lE_nc  
unfortunately unlike… Y_P!B^z3  
whereas… yet V=3b&TkE  
nonetheless as a matter of fact ],].zlN  
(4)“合” -UT}/:a  
above all accordingly c:.eGH_f  
as a consequence as a result }<:}XlwT%  
as has been noted as I have said QS`]  
at last at length =Fl^`*n  
by and large briefly > Nr#O  
by doing so consequently }ad|g6i
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eventually finally 8dhUBJ0_  
hence in brief i}?>g-(  
in conclusion in short /a o5FL  
on the whole therefore :M5l*sIO2  
thus to speak frankly &kw@,];4Z  
to sum up to summarize rrv%~giU  
indeed surely rVsJ`+L  
to conclude obviously Y6d@h? ht  
certainly truly a.6(K  
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常用句型 ReeH@.74  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 OZ!^ak  
1. In general, I don’t agree with 6LZ;T.0o  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. ^Zp>G{QL{  
3. The chief reason why… is that… */DO ex"y  
4.There is no true that… t&DEb_"De  
5. It is not true that… N,U8YO  
6. It can be easily denied than… 3oG,E;(  
7. We have no reason to believe that… tklH@'q  
8. What is more serious is that… B?o7e<l[  
9. But it is pity that… N)>ID(}F1  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… GowH]MO  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… dAe')N:KPI  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… h`.&f  
13. Perhaps I was question why… tFl"n;~T  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… NW)1#]gg%  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but & "B=/-(  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… f:P}*^ Gw  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… %;"y+YFdv  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… K'I#W lg  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… !$>
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20. What these people fail to consider is that… VOh4#%Vj  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … EDs\,f}  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. O%HHYV%[m  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A.
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24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. Mh 7DV  
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用于描写图表和数据 $]2vv
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1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. "G9xM
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2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. lCHO;7YHX  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. R,=fv  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. Yp2eBgo"  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. %C_HXr@  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. =zs`#-^8  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. j^2j&Ta  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. QoH6  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. Hl |z</*+  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. zT?D<XW>1  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… y Fq&8 x<X  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 4#hSJ(~7S  
1.Everybody knows that… g5r(>,vY  
2.It can be easily proved that… ay F\nk4b  
3. It is true that… 2P{Gxz<#  
4. No one can deny that Q>1[JW{$}  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 3>VL}Ui}  
6. The chief reason is that… YLn?.sV{[0  
7. We must recognize that… }U5yQ%N  
8. There is on doubt that… UU0,!?o4  
9. I am of the opinion that… x{WD;$J  
10. This can be expressed as follows; !0mI;~q|F  
11. To take …for an example… s. NGA.]$  
12. We have reason to believe that SS.dY""89  
13. Now that we know that… /FEVmH?  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… (qulwOt~w  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that ,{?%m6.lE  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… \.#>=!Ie  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… Czu\RXJR  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… J!U}iD@occ  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… pr UM-u8  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… gQ1;],_  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… :
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22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… XFV!S#yEZ  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… q;>7*Y&  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. `XEr(e9  
Sa;qW3dt3E  
用于文章的开头 ?o#%Xs  
1. As the proverb says…
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2. It goes without saying tan… )+t0:GwP`:  
3. Generally speaking… ]G< Vg5  
4. It is quite clear than because… oc0G|  
5. It is often said that … 7CTFOAx#  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” oJ|j#+Ft  
7. More and more people have come to realize… !6Mo]xh  
8. There is no doubt that… uw+M  
9. Some people believe that… uT7B#b7  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? i5?q,_
 
11. One great man said that… ]R9HyCl&a6  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. :\7X}n
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13. In the past several years there has been… ~d*(
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14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether…  dZ0vA\z|  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… \WB<86+z  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… @;?p&.W`D  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … lHe{\N[C  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. q}#6e]t  
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用于文章的结尾 v"XGCi91L  
1. from this point of view… y^v6AM
 
2. in a word… YU5(g^<  
3. in conclusion… 3e;^/kf<9  
4. on account of this we can find that… e:n<EnT  
5. the result is dependent on… Rww{:R  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: ~T,c"t2  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… #S*/bao#  
8. to sum up … 2:7zG"$  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… OJ5#4qJ[  
10. It is obvious that… 4UvZ)^r  
11. There is little doubt that… Xi,CV[L\  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful \T:i{.i  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. |G,tlchprs  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… 6GSI"M6s  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… 6NM:DI\%  
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用于论证和说明 'o+L41  
1. As it is described that… ]X5 9  
2. It has been illustrated that… dDGgvi|[Mz  
3. It provides a good example of… e .2ib?8  
4. We may cite another instance of… p~^D\jR.  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… wq(7|!Eix  
6. A number of further facts may be added… ]?+p5;{y4  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. Yu[ t\/  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… >eqxV|]i  
9. According to the statistics provided … F6OpN"UM'  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… Q<'nE  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… &U raUl  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… YY )s p%  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… A3no~)wZn  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… v~V5`%  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… ;"fDUY|  
16. All the facts suggest that… gp^5#  
17. No one can deny the fact that… %?uc><&?e  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… $Ifmc`r1  
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