医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 0x4l5x$8  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） 9F)W19i.  
记分标准如下： :3gFHBFDj  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 D{3fhPNU<b  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 &&*wmnWCS{  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 Hq-v@@0 *  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 }M="oN~w  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 -rRz@Cr  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 g!\QIv1D  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： !&6-(q9  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； vS2(Q0+TZi  
　　2） 语法基本正确； >["Kd.ye  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； | 4% v"
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　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； :
g/{(#E@Z  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 W >Kp\
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6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 %K`4 k.gN  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 r*>QT:sB  
考生出现的问题 WE7>?H*Ro  
不会审题 bf{Ep=-  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 $/os{tzjd  
用词搭配不当。 _5
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词汇量小，拼写困难。 -IGMl_s  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 sM<:C  
Our English class often told stories. p+!f(H  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. %jpH:-8'2  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 "r L"K  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. +~@7" |d  
语法错误。 I<I C-k"Y  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 O#A8t<f|M  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； p ^ }L  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 0oXK&Z  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 f;&` 9s| 1  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 -Cg`x=G;z  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 +!D=SnBGs  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： X^u4%O['  
It is often said that… W` WLW8Qsw  
Generally speaking… ]:[)KZ~  
As the proverb says… [P(rY  
It goes without saying that… 8ct +?-3g  
It is clear/obvious that… sDW"j\  
Mary people often ask … * [iity  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有：  zZS
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It is true that… /F \>Z]  
Everybody knows that… |_xZ/DT  
It can be easily proved that… WRN8#b  
No one can deny that… )*q7pO\cty  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… TyxU6<>4J4  
The chief reason why …is that … (,d4"C  
We must recognize that… +H2m<   
There is no doubt that… [u!p-  
I am of the opinion that… -N /8Ho  
This can expressed as follows… 2ID*U d*  
To take…for an example (instance) … f}evw K[S  
Therefore we should realize that … !;xf>API  
We have reason to believe that… MbT ONt?~v  
We know that… <=5,(a5g  
What is more serious is that… &sr:\Qn X/  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： xr7-[)3Q$  
Another special consideration in this case is that … {y+v-v/#  
Besides, we should not neglect that… (Fjs N5  
However, … HlOAo:8'  
But the problem is not so simple, … x`j$9XN5  
Therefore… 1%]{0P0?[  
But it is a pity that… 'aSZ!R  
On the other hand, … ]XpU'/h>q;  
I do not believe that… ~]6Oz;~<3  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… ~,M;+T}[r  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… o%N0K  
Though we are in basic agreement with … g#9*bF  
The trouble seems that… @'NaA SB  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… lhIr]'?l  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… U#FJ8CD&u  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： $+)x)1  
In a word, … ^c [CyZ:a  
In sum, … n)wpxR  
In conclusion, … )n3biQL_  
From this point of view, … &s6(3k  
On account of this we can find that … 8'g*}[  
The result is dependent on … 8
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Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… {*5;:QnT  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… 7Hr4yh[j&  
　　2.句子连接 7K5
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　　(1)“启” gp|7{}Q{  
in the first place at present mG 8  
currently it goes without saying that M@ LaD 5  
lately first )1tnZ= &  
first of all now (j"~]T!)1  
presently firstly &0<R:K?>N  
generally recently $xn%i\  
in the beginning to begin with 5\*wX.wp  
to start with in general :Ro" 0/d  
　　(2)“承” B6!<@*BI  
after a few days after a while F*jjcUk  
also at any arte o!_
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at the same time besides qu~"C,  
by this time certainly <n2{+eO  
consequently for example #/sE{jm  
for instance for this purpose Px?A
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from now on furthermore CH
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in addition in addition to… TboHP/  
in fact in other words t:j07 ,1~  
in particular in the same manner BHBT=,sI  
incidentally indeed @f01xh=8  
meanwhile moreover \w\47/k{  
no doubt obviously <Phr`/  
of course particularly ZYt"=\_  
second secondly X|lmH{k
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similarly so 28qWC~/9  
soon still IhKas4  
then third .$}zw|,q  
thirdly truly aZCZ/  
unlike… what is more n)7$x
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　　(3)“转” \c^jaK5  
after all all the same |q b92|?  
anyway at the same time ^|12~d_.T  
but by this time -OGy-"  
conversely despite… zSufU2  
especially… fortunately [B;Ek\5W  
however in other words Q2WrB+/  
in particular in spite of… k 5kX  
in the same way likewise >bP7}T  
luckily nevertheless BQmafpp`  
no doubt not withstanding … jsht2]iq3K  
on the contrary on the other hand wq`Kyhk  
otherwise perhaps… mP+yjRw  
unfortunately unlike… Y-k~ 7{7  
whereas… yet 
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nonetheless as a matter of fact ^u&Khc~ y  
(4)“合” 7n]%` Yb  
above all accordingly &8L\FAY0%9  
as a consequence as a result F09AX'nj  
as has been noted as I have said ;XuEMq,Di  
at last at length >x0lSL0y  
by and large briefly ,B>b9,~3a  
by doing so consequently OvG|=  
eventually finally [`dipLkr  
hence in brief )f&]H}  
in conclusion in short Av4E?@R  
on the whole therefore bncFrzp#o  
thus to speak frankly YIqfGXu8  
to sum up to summarize Bq`kVfx  
indeed surely aBLb i  
to conclude obviously (fb\A6  
certainly truly C{^@.8:  
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常用句型 )S?}huX  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 d69VgLg  
1. In general, I don’t agree with KK|Jach  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. >Sah\u`  
3. The chief reason why… is that… I%xJ)fIK  
4.There is no true that… Z_+No :F7I  
5. It is not true that… OO>2oH  
6. It can be easily denied than… S45_-aE  
7. We have no reason to believe that… (P8oXb+%  
8. What is more serious is that… r U5'hK  
9. But it is pity that… ?>&Zm$5V  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… g.s oNqt=  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… ;_\P;s  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… n Lb 9$&  
13. Perhaps I was question why… Bs}>#I  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… y jzNU5F  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but :_ox8xS4  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… gZv<_0N  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… -^DB?j+  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… g(k|"g`*  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… UepBXt3)  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… 3FN? CN] O  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … Ip0q&i<6  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. 6Y^o8R  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. |{T2|iJI  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. k7*q.20  
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用于描写图表和数据 
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1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. {W] jVh p  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. Q1z04m1_y[  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. ;/@R{G{+~;  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. D_Y;N3E/rS  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. 9\F^\h{  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. ArY'NE\Htt  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. 7F.,Xvw&@  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. /03>|Juo  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. VZ8L9h<{"  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. \1ZfSc  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… )n.peZ  
@UKd0kxPN{  
用于解释性和阐述性论说文 (k?OYz]c  
1.Everybody knows that… c\Dv3bF  
2.It can be easily proved that… zF PSk]  
3. It is true that… {#vo^& B  
4. No one can deny that gP3[=a"\  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… F}X_I  
6. The chief reason is that… X\;y;pmRH  
7. We must recognize that…  :9<5GF(  
8. There is on doubt that… CVm*Q[5s"  
9. I am of the opinion that… 9c
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10. This can be expressed as follows; Xy._&&pt  
11. To take …for an example… 7$'ja  
12. We have reason to believe that _xJ&p $&  
13. Now that we know that… L,i-T:Z~=  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… FW2} 9#R  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that >a<;)K^1  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… [lf[J&}X  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… VD4(
  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… ^#nAS2w7U  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… ||hd(_W8  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… mwt3EV5  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… 2n\EZ  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… >">-4L17m  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… `W5f'RU  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. Lr`yl$6  
#(OL!B  
用于文章的开头 Ta_#Rg*!  
1. As the proverb says… z;T?2~g!  
2. It goes without saying tan… -{HA+YL H  
3. Generally speaking… YtFtU;{  
4. It is quite clear than because… Wa wOap  
5. It is often said that … \]zHM.E1  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” LBTf}T\  
7. More and more people have come to realize… XLB7 E  
8. There is no doubt that… kIyif7  
9. Some people believe that… ->d3FR  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? _G@)Bj^*  
11. One great man said that… QN":Qk(,q  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. NbH;@R)L  
13. In the past several years there has been… fT
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14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… b:2#3
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15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… w=,bF$:fIW  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… =XVw{\#9 b  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … ';Y0qitGB  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. !ap}+_IA7^  
jBb:)
  
用于文章的结尾 /V0[Urc@  
1. from this point of view… MaN6bM  
2. in a word… mb,\wZ  
3. in conclusion…  L xP%o  
4. on account of this we can find that… 7_HFQT1.N  
5. the result is dependent on… a]]eQ(xQ  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: #Pt_<?JtV  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… t^ Ge"  
8. to sum up … 3$G &~A{  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… zncKd{Q\tP  
10. It is obvious that… cDS\=Bf  
11. There is little doubt that… 0Xb,ne 7  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful gWQ(
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13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. KrdEB0qh  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… b+1!qNuCW#  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… L>LIN 1
A  
sKCYGt$  
用于论证和说明 >v2/0>U  
1. As it is described that… $Q"D>Qf{G  
2. It has been illustrated that… ~[%_]/#&%z  
3. It provides a good example of… oR7[[H.4  
4. We may cite another instance of… JR8|!Of@B  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… hjyM xg;Q?  
6. A number of further facts may be added… =^1jVaAL  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. tk]D)+{u&c  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… auga`*  
9. According to the statistics provided … ;4l8Qg 7  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… zOd*>  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that…  9u^M{6  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… "\i H/  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… q8_(P&  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… ,`JYFh M  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… rRg,{:;A  
16. All the facts suggest that… ^R=`<jx   
17. No one can deny the fact that… VcGl8~#9  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… (P`=9+  
+}O -WX?  
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