医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 hNH'XQxO  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） i03w1pSH,  
记分标准如下： 2-C!jAfd  
--|Wh^i>?  
13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 iX2]VRNxl  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 >U]C/P[+  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 ecCr6)  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 Z(ACc9k6:'  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 ](wvu(y\E  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 Q2F+?w;,  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： -8j+s}Q  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； DW_1,:,?7l  
　　2） 语法基本正确； d\ 1Og\U|A  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； 9Bw|(J  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； .MJofE;Jn  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 YYu6W@m]  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 SVB\  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 5[YDZ7g"~  
考生出现的问题 n3D;"
a3  
不会审题 b{]z wpf  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 7lBAxqr2  
用词搭配不当。 ;[u%_  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 p|&Yku=  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 O^^C;U@U<1  
Our English class often told stories. }Hx d*S  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. % <qw  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 <\pfIJr$  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. }`,t$NV`  
语法错误。 M L8<4o  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 Ju :CMkv  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； NwG= <U*  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 Wu_kx2h  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 nY`RRC  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 KjE+QUa  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 <c,u3cp  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： kT!9`S\  
It is often said that… 2g>SHS@1>  
Generally speaking… q~vDz]\G  
As the proverb says… rjPL+T_  
It goes without saying that… 66I"=:  
It is clear/obvious that… -OA?BEQ=I  
Mary people often ask … ^n"OL*ipG  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： E7Y`|nT  
It is true that… ^,;z|f'%*  
Everybody knows that… T|dY 2  
It can be easily proved that… c(n&A~*AJ%  
No one can deny that… /Ya_>+oo  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 3rc
KzS7  
The chief reason why …is that … r.>].~}4  
We must recognize that… Z]j*9#G1s  
There is no doubt that… Wr3m QU  
I am of the opinion that… NN E<L;u  
This can expressed as follows… 0VGPEKRh  
To take…for an example (instance) … kM
Opi =Z1  
Therefore we should realize that … 0\@dYPa&C  
We have reason to believe that… tdSfi<y5I  
We know that… =|%Cu&  
What is more serious is that… 2GWMlI  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： %_{tzXim  
Another special consideration in this case is that … 3plzHz,x
 
Besides, we should not neglect that… u#V5 ?i  
However, … =RAh|e  
But the problem is not so simple, … sM?MLB\Za  
Therefore… kWe{r5C7  
But it is a pity that… q|v(Edt|_[  
On the other hand, … bV8!"{  
I do not believe that… e=Z, Jg  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… spGB)k,^  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… p"FW&Q=PN  
Though we are in basic agreement with … NDs!a  
The trouble seems that… +H 9>A0JF  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… IZ=Mlu  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… C!R1})_^  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： #DN0T' B  
In a word, … cu%
C"  
In sum, … H'LD}\K l  
In conclusion, … +> WM[o^I  
From this point of view, … p8\zG|b5  
On account of this we can find that … $zyIuJN#  
The result is dependent on … 59!Fkd3  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… qOUqs'7/]  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… c{&*w")J  
　　2.句子连接 fuA&7gNC  
　　(1)“启” *=wYuJ#  
in the first place at present &CIVL#];e  
currently it goes without saying that  k0  
lately first sL@

U  
first of all now ]Lm9^q14m  
presently firstly H.WE6  
generally recently 5i-Rglo  
in the beginning to begin with DZv=\<$,LF  
to start with in general <TE%Prd}`  
　　(2)“承” Pf_S[ sm  
after a few days after a while Cxcr/9  
also at any arte c1_5, 1U'  
at the same time besides n f.wCtf].  
by this time certainly PNA\ TXT  
consequently for example 2{Chu85   
for instance for this purpose z)xSN;x  
from now on furthermore aj"M>zd*}  
in addition in addition to… W0C@9&pn6  
in fact in other words #_|sgS?1  
in particular in the same manner
XgxX.`H7  
incidentally indeed `D": Q=:  
meanwhile moreover X5]TY]  
no doubt obviously 5hbJOo0BZ  
of course particularly 1t
Jg#/?  
second secondly A#W?2k9  
similarly so q\q=PB6r  
soon still NziZTU}
 
then third 'Vr
$MaO  
thirdly truly cDoo
*  
unlike… what is more #k$)i[aI-  
　　(3)“转” ZKz,|+X0G  
after all all the same  .p ls!  
anyway at the same time >z%Q>(F  
but by this time 9M /SH$Qy  
conversely despite… i,nm`Z>u  
especially… fortunately 5PIZh<  
however in other words CAU0)=M  
in particular in spite of… $x#FgD(iI  
in the same way likewise Qe'g3z>  
luckily nevertheless 9Q!bt  
no doubt not withstanding … 9ktEm|F3  
on the contrary on the other hand Fa epDjY8  
otherwise perhaps… EQe5JFR  
unfortunately unlike… ,zQOZ'^  
whereas… yet @f!AkzI  
nonetheless as a matter of fact #n  
(4)“合” P( SZ68  
above all accordingly vZ#!uU^a:  
as a consequence as a result 3p*-tBOO  
as has been noted as I have said 7yt=]1  
at last at length D\~e&0*  
by and large briefly }#v{`Sn%^C  
by doing so consequently 70B)|<$  
eventually finally e9^2,:wLB  
hence in brief kzq29S  
in conclusion in short .9|uQEL  
on the whole therefore #*c F8NV-  
thus to speak frankly p{=QGrxB*  
to sum up to summarize M]H gIL@9#  
indeed surely gcJF`H/iNK  
to conclude obviously [ut#:1h^  
certainly truly [rreFSy#@  
]$M<]w,IJ2  
常用句型 eeUp 1g  
^+R:MBK  
用于反驳性和比较性论文 3^ .8.q(6  
1. In general, I don’t agree with 1Qh`6Ya f  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. A CV ek  
3. The chief reason why… is that… -U>7 H`5  
4.There is no true that… {6xPdUhw  
5. It is not true that… !U BVPR*  
6. It can be easily denied than… vN{-?  
7. We have no reason to believe that… ~F#A Pt  
8. What is more serious is that… w}M3x^9@  
9. But it is pity that… =M
hg  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… ,.g}W~S)  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… l_v*7d  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… 5a(<%Q <"  
13. Perhaps I was question why… ,
w&:_n  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… hXX1<~k  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but n=`w9q ajd  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… 
B4O6>'  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… p ,n\__  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… =w<VT%  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… G[q9A$yw  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… KtMbze  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … @8"18HEp#  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. ?Bu}.0ku-$  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. m.V,I}J.q  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. 55hyV{L%  
p`GWhI?  
用于描写图表和数据 8^w/HCC8O  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. Z( #Ln  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. bag&BHw  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. 6+8mV8{-8  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times.  9d"5wx  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. aRKv+{K  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. wsfysat$  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. Q>IH``1*e  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. 1#D<ZN  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. qG^_c;l6
a  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. +=,u jO:  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… a*Jn#Mx<M  
]-KV0H  
用于解释性和阐述性论说文 sJ7sjrEp1  
1.Everybody knows that…  lzoeST  
2.It can be easily proved that… S*rO0s:  
3. It is true that… )]A9~H  
4. No one can deny that }3sN+4  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… Oc^m_U8>^  
6. The chief reason is that… jIZ+d;1  
7. We must recognize that… ^
vn\4  
8. There is on doubt that… /4H[4m]I  
9. I am of the opinion that… tO4):i1  
10. This can be expressed as follows; lJ'trYaq7  
11. To take …for an example… v\'rXy  
12. We have reason to believe that Dh?vU~v(6  
13. Now that we know that… rV~T>x  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… ~xE=mg4le  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that } m6\C5  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… ~z>BfL  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… \boL`X  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… IyT?-R  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… p6 <}3m$  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… r/^tzH's  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… >j) w\i  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… ?-d Ain1w  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… PlF!cr7:4  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. &q"'_4
 
hc6.#~i  
用于文章的开头 6{ C Fe|XN  
1. As the proverb says… QP+c?ct}hF  
2. It goes without saying tan… .B6`OX&k  
3. Generally speaking… yS+(<  
4. It is quite clear than because… )>?! xx_`  
5. It is often said that … z2.*#xTZn  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” O1|B3M[P  
7. More and more people have come to realize… x3gwG)Sf  
8. There is no doubt that… Q6eN+i2 ;  
9. Some people believe that… }Z"28?  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? Fgsk
b"k/  
11. One great man said that… pn|p
(6  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention.  xQX<w\s  
13. In the past several years there has been… `}[VwQ  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… E]\D>[0O  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… g'KzdG`O0  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… t3pZjdLJd  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … P8"6"}B;T  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. /3OC7!~;fM  
sKe,  
用于文章的结尾 w'!ECm>*`  
1. from this point of view… *Kp}B}}J  
2. in a word… ;R/k2^uF  
3. in conclusion… +.S#=  
4. on account of this we can find that… RP,A!pa@  
5. the result is dependent on… ;,<r|.6U  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: q1U&vZ3]c  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… f-vZ2+HP  
8. to sum up … L@>^_p$  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… UedvA9$&;  
10. It is obvious that… >]:N?[Y_~}  
11. There is little doubt that… I~d#p ]>  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful nu;}S! J  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. =''mpIg(  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… n^* >a  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… *eHA: A_I  
U(rr vNt:t  
用于论证和说明 X*TuQ\T  
1. As it is described that… o}WB(WsG  
2. It has been illustrated that… q,<n,0)K  
3. It provides a good example of… ybD{4&ZE  
4. We may cite another instance of… C>.]Bvg  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… +CsI,Uf4*  
6. A number of further facts may be added… &Pmc"9Rl  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. 1bV2  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… eNIkiJ$uS  
9. According to the statistics provided … u3Zzu\{  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… JK@izI  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… yf `.%  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… &,W_#l{  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… ^m6k@VM  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… c*y$bf<  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… S/@dkHI'  
16. All the facts suggest that… -D!#W%y8  
17. No one can deny the fact that… i1b4 J  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… uvu**s  
zznPD%#Sc  
[p:1]

给力