医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 =UT*1-yhR  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） c/%i,N\5  
记分标准如下： ?%d]iTZE
 
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 <#k(g\/R  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 {d|e@`"T  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 ^Cs?FF@P  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 E>NRC\^@  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 DSf  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 nJC/yS|  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： AXFQ
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　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； pb JC A&  
　　2） 语法基本正确； \W:~;GMeD  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； .ww~'5b0  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； ,aq0Q<}~lc  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 D;
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6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 S+9}W/  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 )"KKBil0  
考生出现的问题 \%[sv@P9s  
不会审题 /z
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用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 ]l/ PyX  
用词搭配不当。 7\.{O$Q  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 0Ez(;4]3  
句子逻辑关系混乱。
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Our English class often told stories. EIdEXAC(  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. xfegi$  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 ?5VPV9EX  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. [ 0>I6Jl  
语法错误。 7H=V|Btnc  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 3:wN^!A}ve  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； @'IRh9  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 o|`%>&jP  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 ?2q4dx0  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 FW=`Fm@z%%  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 L*(Sh2=_  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： wa1Qt  
It is often said that… i(O+XQ}Fyx  
Generally speaking… dQljG.PiK  
As the proverb says… W#Eg\nT  
It goes without saying that… >}H3V]  
It is clear/obvious that… 7ILb&JQ!%{  
Mary people often ask … $Cnv]1%  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： K3dg.>O  
It is true that… _ci8!PP  
Everybody knows that… *N65
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It can be easily proved that… G
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No one can deny that… D;! aix3  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… Q ym=L(X  
The chief reason why …is that … X+KQ% Efo  
We must recognize that… |SX31T9rG  
There is no doubt that… n?mV(?N  
I am of the opinion that… >Q#\X=a>  
This can expressed as follows… ab8F\%y-8  
To take…for an example (instance) … 3[Z7bhpV  
Therefore we should realize that … W[B;;"ro  
We have reason to believe that…
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We know that… $:IEpV{  
What is more serious is that… _FxQl]@  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： +`&-xq76  
Another special consideration in this case is that … rUDMQxLruV  
Besides, we should not neglect that… 9{&oVt~Y$  
However, … 3:MAdh[w  
But the problem is not so simple, … D<J,3(Yu  
Therefore… v]@n'!  
But it is a pity that… a&C}'e"  
On the other hand, … {GhM,-%e  
I do not believe that… &BE'~G  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… }0 b[/ZwQ  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… `3'4_@7s9  
Though we are in basic agreement with … " "{#~X}  
The trouble seems that… EL:Az~]V  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… Rdl^-\BV  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… '[ `pU>9  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： i1ss}JJp*  
In a word, … ;Y%.m3  
In sum, … ^k}%k#)  
In conclusion, … +ieRpVg  
From this point of view, … I3" GGp3L  
On account of this we can find that … p?Jx2(%m  
The result is dependent on … ,#hx%$f}d  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… Kn4x_9  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… Xw]L'+V=  
　　2.句子连接 `%Jq^uW  
　　(1)“启” m)"wd$O^w  
in the first place at present gvy c(d  
currently it goes without saying that sY@x(qkIOc  
lately first lbnH|;`$]m  
first of all now {/K_NSg+h  
presently firstly !F[^?:pK  
generally recently ,-.
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in the beginning to begin with \8iWcqJktN  
to start with in general <ecif_a=m  
　　(2)“承” EjFK zx  
after a few days after a while k+`e0Jago  
also at any arte )Y 9JP@}T
 
at the same time besides mrId`<L5l{  
by this time certainly *Rj(~Q/t  
consequently for example >uVr;,=y  
for instance for this purpose (|_N2R!  
from now on furthermore $*z>t*{7  
in addition in addition to… J={R@}u  
in fact in other words ,/6 aA7(  
in particular in the same manner I'>r  
incidentally indeed 5&N55?G6  
meanwhile moreover c0Oc-,6J  
no doubt obviously e9@7GaL`"S  
of course particularly y;1l].L  
second secondly h4lrt  
similarly so rA6lyzJ  
soon still 0tyS=X;#e  
then third & U6bOH%P  
thirdly truly xIb^x=|h  
unlike… what is more ~T'Ri=  
　　(3)“转” 6|AD]/t^K  
after all all the same mH\eJ  
anyway at the same time iw)^;8q  
but by this time %jnSJjcq  
conversely despite… Mpu8/i gX,  
especially… fortunately *D6X&Hg&5  
however in other words NsY D~n  
in particular in spite of… N6wCCXd  
in the same way likewise Gn7P` t*.  
luckily nevertheless 1w/Ur'8we  
no doubt not withstanding … G.[,P~yy.  
on the contrary on the other hand @ky<5r*JU(  
otherwise perhaps… k;W`6:Kjp  
unfortunately unlike… /;rPzP4K6  
whereas… yet ;LjTsF'  
nonetheless as a matter of fact rjLPX  
(4)“合” #y:,owo3I  
above all accordingly 5B76D12  
as a consequence as a result (yB)rBh>n  
as has been noted as I have said okv`+VeA  
at last at length ~R!M.gY[rK  
by and large briefly .\6q\7Ej  
by doing so consequently ]:X# w0UR  
eventually finally   iE8  
hence in brief ccPTJ/%$  
in conclusion in short A)j',jE&1  
on the whole therefore fKYRDGn  
thus to speak frankly ?n0Z4 8%  
to sum up to summarize >&g^ `  
indeed surely 1;8%\r[|5^  
to conclude obviously d[7B,l:RN  
certainly truly + <4gJoI  
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常用句型 2^;zj0]Rt  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 `k]2*$%  
1. In general, I don’t agree with N R0"yJV >  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. }gR!]Cs)^  
3. The chief reason why… is that… rY,zZR+@  
4.There is no true that… !+(c/ gwBh  
5. It is not true that… 2P(6R.8;6  
6. It can be easily denied than… p-o8Ctc?V  
7. We have no reason to believe that… h; "pAE  
8. What is more serious is that… &ra2(S45  
9. But it is pity that…
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10. Besides, we should not neglect that… zc.r&(d  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… >.1d1#+b  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… s/\<;g:u^  
13. Perhaps I was question why… 49tJ+J-N  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… UXPF"}S2
 
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but :qvA'.L/;z  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… IO{iQ-Mg  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… CuFlI?~8 z  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… MZ:Ty,pw:O  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… 8E|FFHNK<2  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… 4hWFgk  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … H8A=]Gq  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. $AF,4Ir-b+  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. 49Hgq/uO  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. 0Ci:w|J  
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用于描写图表和数据 b 4CXif  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. ? MD\\gN  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. q]DE \*@  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. i)[~]D.EH8  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. ~- BIUZ;  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. Bw4PxJs-  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. eXCH*vZY  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. XB+Juk&d  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. Y4)=D@JI  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. RQW<Sp~  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. YvPs   
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… }tPI#[cfK  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 d1/uI^8>  
1.Everybody knows that… YojYb]y+j  
2.It can be easily proved that… 'fIirGOl  
3. It is true that… QVQ?a&HYS  
4. No one can deny that #AUa'qBt  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… a[Oi  
6. The chief reason is that… ompkDl\E  
7. We must recognize that… x)!NB99(tC  
8. There is on doubt that… L\y>WR%s  
9. I am of the opinion that… $_NP4V8|z/  
10. This can be expressed as follows; Dl95Vo=1  
11. To take …for an example… j?'It`s  
12. We have reason to believe that [G[|auKF  
13. Now that we know that… $r87]
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14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… B&RgUIrFoY  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that &ZUV=q%g9n  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… sy;_%,}N  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… )Y}8)/Pud  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… v\:
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19. It is chiefly responsible of… o7;#B)jWS  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… 8RJ^e[?o(  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… D<d4"*qo  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… 8Cw+<A*  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… QBI;aG<+b>  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. :v>Nz7SB  
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用于文章的开头 %}=:gF  
1. As the proverb says… [|!A3o  
2. It goes without saying tan… -x?I6>{  
3. Generally speaking… R#x~f  
4. It is quite clear than because… Ghb Jty`  
5. It is often said that … uVn"'p-  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” p2/Pj)2  
7. More and more people have come to realize… WQ1~9#  
8. There is no doubt that… 'M'k$G@Z  
9. Some people believe that… _vV3A3|Ec,  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? /Qnq,`z  
11. One great man said that… G)G 257K"~  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. !|#W,9  
13. In the past several years there has been…  UqwU3  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… .*Mp+Q}^  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… h 7"c_=w+  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… 5mYX#//:  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … ;[-TsX:  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. 9-3, DxZ}  
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用于文章的结尾 R9z:K_d,  
1. from this point of view… ?bH&F  
2. in a word… SYE+A`a  
3. in conclusion… }Be;YIhG  
4. on account of this we can find that… h4#y'E!,Z  
5. the result is dependent on… qeUT]* w  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: 9,wD  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… m!K`?P]:N  
8. to sum up … 4=~+Bz  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… & "r /&7:  
10. It is obvious that… abD@0zr  
11. There is little doubt that… 0MI4"<  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful ![i)_XO  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. 6Hp+?mmh  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… &,l(2z[  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… 02_+{vk!  
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用于论证和说明 `/O AgV"`  
1. As it is described that… Vel}lQD  
2. It has been illustrated that… s IFE:/1,  
3. It provides a good example of… B<Q)z5KK  
4. We may cite another instance of… >
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5. History man provides us with the examples of… I>GBnx L  
6. A number of further facts may be added… 31~nay15  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. :r(dMU3%  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… $g^D1zkuDT  
9. According to the statistics provided … * bd3^mP  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… ! ,bQ;p3g|  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… ^)wKS]BQ..  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… /O5&)%N  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… "M , 1ElQ  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… p- a{6<h  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… 0,nz*UDk  
16. All the facts suggest that… >.6|\{*sG  
17. No one can deny the fact that… _1NK9dp:  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… PcBD;[cn  
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