医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 -!'Oy%a#  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） zqHpT^B?  
记分标准如下： .q5J^/kr  
#Dj"W8'zh  
13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 _XH4;uGg  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 njy~  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 tsTR2+GZS  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 0%;N9\  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 m%e^&N#%6r  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 %|:;Ti  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： Mv/IMO0rR  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； YXczyZA`x  
　　2） 语法基本正确； =&di
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　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； }Kvh`@CiJ  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； :3111}>c  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 MxM](ew~7  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 l?3vNa FeR  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 ;Ri 3#*a=  
考生出现的问题 VKq0<+M  
不会审题 =]=B}L`  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 tP}Xhn`  
用词搭配不当。 gbYLA a  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 J}x>~?W  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 MC4284A5  
Our English class often told stories. #^5a\XJb  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. =jJ H^Y2  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 `)rg|~#k  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. gJ]C
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语法错误。 l_^T&xq8  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 4 hL`=[AB  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； E"Zb };}  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 <\>+~p,  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 Jb(
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　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 /uK)rG F  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 [?;`x&y~y  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： X 7e>Z)l  
It is often said that…
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Generally speaking… Q}WL/X5  
As the proverb says… 6,B-:{{e"  
It goes without saying that… 7;^((.]ln  
It is clear/obvious that… MKomq  
Mary people often ask … S  <2}8D  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： :_>\DJ'>  
It is true that… | @uq()  
Everybody knows that… 9~=gwP  
It can be easily proved that… DLU[<!C  
No one can deny that… ;?0_Q3IML  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… ~D*b3K8X  
The chief reason why …is that … ldK>HxM%Z  
We must recognize that… +yGY785b  
There is no doubt that… 6*sw,sU[y  
I am of the opinion that… t @;WgIp(&  
This can expressed as follows… mU50pM~/i  
To take…for an example (instance) … p 7s@%scp  
Therefore we should realize that … {wcO[bN  
We have reason to believe that… 'm[6v}  
We know that… D@#0dDT  
What is more serious is that… %06vgjOa (  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： ,6DD=w0r  
Another special consideration in this case is that … /oFc03d  
Besides, we should not neglect that… m#*h{U$  
However, … 4\\.n  
But the problem is not so simple, … un6cD$cHr  
Therefore… =rEA:Q`~w  
But it is a pity that… H/^B.5RYE>  
On the other hand, … 6ga5^6W  
I do not believe that… 6%E~p0)i%  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… Q{[@`bZB  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… b_|u<  
Though we are in basic agreement with … ^Z#@3=  
The trouble seems that… U-eI\Lu  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 7lR<@$q  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… %kq ^]S2O  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： g,=^'D  
In a word, … 5KJ%]B(H2  
In sum, … 1M+oTIN  
In conclusion, … -6`;},Yr  
From this point of view, … qU-!7=}7  
On account of this we can find that … doM?8C#`  
The result is dependent on … =*O=E@
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Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… O#:&*Mv  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… AWT"Y4Ie  
　　2.句子连接 #uKWuGz]  
　　(1)“启” ,#d[ad<  
in the first place at present O,|\"b1(  
currently it goes without saying that yj zK.dM  
lately first I+
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first of all now @1bH}QS  
presently firstly L M /Ga  
generally recently /H)Br~ l  
in the beginning to begin with Rh<N);Sl7  
to start with in general C ) ?uE'  
　　(2)“承” :u/mTZDi  
after a few days after a while e:E# b~{  
also at any arte cDeZMsV  
at the same time besides "SR5wr   
by this time certainly V!&P(YO:  
consequently for example g
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for instance for this purpose wf
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from now on furthermore j?-R]^-5  
in addition in addition to… B+"g2Y  
in fact in other words p3yU:q#A  
in particular in the same manner K9|7dvzC:  
incidentally indeed *aRX \TnN  
meanwhile moreover S_\ F
 
no doubt obviously l r~gG3  
of course particularly X+l'bp]Ry
 
second secondly O+"ac /
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similarly so .=<$S#x^Hb  
soon still yZ3nRiuRT  
then third h{_*oBa  
thirdly truly 4l @)K9F  
unlike… what is more Fn+?u  
　　(3)“转”
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after all all the same
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anyway at the same time e;ty!)]  
but by this time 4["&O=:d  
conversely despite… ]KuMz p!  
especially… fortunately 8)wt$b  
however in other words FxRXPt FK  
in particular in spite of… n]N96oD  
in the same way likewise L1#Ij#  
luckily nevertheless |vILp/"9=W  
no doubt not withstanding … SEd5)0X^  
on the contrary on the other hand lA;a  
otherwise perhaps… M1!pQC_9  
unfortunately unlike… Qe$k3!  
whereas… yet ig_2={Q@  
nonetheless as a matter of fact -<f;l_(  
(4)“合” %y<]Yzv.  
above all accordingly I021p5h|  
as a consequence as a result H0*,8i5I  
as has been noted as I have said JPx7EEkZR4  
at last at length Fn|gVR  
by and large briefly w4:\N U  
by doing so consequently }!d;(/)rb  
eventually finally %[QV,fD'E  
hence in brief XbXA+ey6  
in conclusion in short KL?)akk  
on the whole therefore HOi C  
thus to speak frankly TprtE.mP  
to sum up to summarize , c;eN  
indeed surely t+TYb#Tc  
to conclude obviously adO&_NR  
certainly truly 8E^@yZo{  
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常用句型
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 \h{r ;#g  
1. In general, I don’t agree with %y`7);.q  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. j tA*pL'/V  
3. The chief reason why… is that… %{5n1w  
4.There is no true that… C;rG]t^%  
5. It is not true that… XhW %,/<  
6. It can be easily denied than… $#NQ<3  
7. We have no reason to believe that… +: Ge_-  
8. What is more serious is that… T1Ta?b  
9. But it is pity that… kODK@w V-  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… $1Nd_pD=  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… )NW6?Pu"  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… pa]"iZz  
13. Perhaps I was question why… SW?p?<  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… rAq
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15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but XSRdqU>Aun  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… P\R27Jd  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… *,WP,-0  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… hkL5HzWn  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… Q5+_u/  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… X]*QUV]i  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … [J#1Ff;  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. z4U9n'{  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. {U11^w1"3  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. @9G- m(?*  
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用于描写图表和数据 \c`oy=qY0  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. wzWbB2Mb5  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. o>D  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. FH5ql~  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 3K0tC=  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. !Jfs?Hy  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. deX5yrvOie  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. #VbVsl  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. F phDF  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. LJzH"K[Gg6  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. q 2?X"!  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… 72db[  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 } /^C|iS7  
1.Everybody knows that… <I*x0BM=  
2.It can be easily proved that… jdqj=Yc  
3. It is true that… ?>uew^$d[w  
4. No one can deny that p#d+>7  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… Zf*r2t1&P  
6. The chief reason is that… 'C+;r?1!h  
7. We must recognize that… {==pZpyyh  
8. There is on doubt that… < a rZbM  
9. I am of the opinion that… M@UVpQwgv  
10. This can be expressed as follows; ;.
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11. To take …for an example… uYO|5a<f~  
12. We have reason to believe that 0Ce]V,i6C>  
13. Now that we know that… obClBO)@Y  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… *tQk;'/A]  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that y7u^zH6wj  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… FpV`#6i7  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… "A
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18. Perhaps the primary reason is… `i!wq&1g7  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… Tt# bg1  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… A/*%J74v  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… `vk0c  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… =5]n\"/  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… nY-*
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24. Different people observes it in different ways. $ r.U  
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用于文章的开头 x4?10f(9=  
1. As the proverb says… dJ3 IUe  
2. It goes without saying tan… &K%aw  
3. Generally speaking… wGKo.lt   
4. It is quite clear than because… |WqOk~)[Z3  
5. It is often said that …  D>ef  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” bi[7!VQf  
7. More and more people have come to realize… y2
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8. There is no doubt that… <lwuTow  
9. Some people believe that… Un=a fX?j  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? x-m/SI]_N  
11. One great man said that… 9M$/=>^ Z  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. &_-](w`  
13. In the past several years there has been… 6F0(aGs  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether…  mw$ Y  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… wrv5V M}  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… **;p(CI  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … X T>('qy  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. Opg#*w%-  
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用于文章的结尾 f?UzD#50D  
1. from this point of view… W Ox_y,  
2. in a word… khX|"d360  
3. in conclusion… IM(u<c$  
4. on account of this we can find that… C3;[e0.1b  
5. the result is dependent on… D!3{gV#  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: 5G*II_j  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… <e"J4gZf&  
8. to sum up … n~r 9!m$<  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… |ng%PQq)  
10. It is obvious that… [? KIN_e#  
11. There is little doubt that… vgG}d8MW37  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful p8>%Mflf  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. g`Md80*Zfk  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… \ aKd5@  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… Uene=Q6>  
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用于论证和说明 f\o R:%  
1. As it is described that… *g7DPN$aQ  
2. It has been illustrated that… o0Gx%99'  
3. It provides a good example of… vDDljQXw4  
4. We may cite another instance of… \lr/;-zP  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… L,
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6. A number of further facts may be added… h_ ZX/k  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. (2txM"Dja  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… 8&(-8  
9. According to the statistics provided … zixEMi[8  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… $h[Yzl  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… Y3oMh,  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… MUwVG>b8J~  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… tgN92Q.i6T  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… Q_}n%P:u  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… Vyt E  
16. All the facts suggest that… b(&]>z  
17. No one can deny the fact that… *zQOJsg"e  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… wRbw
  
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