医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 [1yq{n=  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） j+IrqPKC^  
记分标准如下： +9;2xya2  
#q\x$  
13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 *m+BuGt|  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 K }$&:nao  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 .ic:`1  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 ~FU@wV^  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 9ooY? J  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 K4ZolWbU  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： RO(TvZ0pE  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； )?! [}t  
　　2） 语法基本正确； Q>< 0[EPj3  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； #KlCZ~s  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； Y"g.IK`V  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 pc]J[ S?P  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 l`9t }  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 )RgGcHT @  
考生出现的问题 c
Z8.TsI~  
不会审题 ,MPB/j^o5!  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 \c,pEXG  
用词搭配不当。 y] oaO+  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 #18FA|   
句子逻辑关系混乱。 9p* gU[  
Our English class often told stories. jhgX{xc  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. K6JVg$  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 W*DVi_\$y  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. PXoz* )tk  
语法错误。 p /Sbt/R  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等
D1 Z{W  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； 7R.Q Ql  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 hOv={:  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 ~5 N)f UI\  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 lA(Q@y EW  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 e1myH6$W  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： }kHdK vZ  
It is often said that… BaF!O5M  
Generally speaking… `^JJ&)4iv  
As the proverb says… }T^cEfX  
It goes without saying that… pL=d%
m.W  
It is clear/obvious that… gF=jf2{YX  
Mary people often ask … 63|+2-E2Q  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： |'ln?D:&  
It is true that… /^
{BUo  
Everybody knows that… Jb)#fH$L  
It can be easily proved that… ]?1Y e8>Y<  
No one can deny that… qW:)!z3\  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… X=JmF97  
The chief reason why …is that … ZoB*0H-  
We must recognize that… iB0WEj[?  
There is no doubt that… <$w?/y/'  
I am of the opinion that… 5 8-e^.  
This can expressed as follows… 87%*+n:?*  
To take…for an example (instance) … ,t{,_uPJY  
Therefore we should realize that … n,HE0Zn]Y_  
We have reason to believe that… !MDNE*_
 
We know that… u<q :$  
What is more serious is that… $&s=68  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： `~eX55W  
Another special consideration in this case is that … I$NhXZ)KT  
Besides, we should not neglect that… x^|Vaf  
However, … pL1Q7&&c0  
But the problem is not so simple, … CycUeT  
Therefore… f\+fo  
But it is a pity that… {e|*01hE  
On the other hand, … f)c~cJz<q  
I do not believe that… B/5=]R  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… <2!v(EkI  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… ~^
u16z,  
Though we are in basic agreement with … 1Gt/Tq$_b  
The trouble seems that… wxm:7$4C  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… LA_3=@2.H  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… 1:NrP'W^  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： +,:du*C  
In a word, … Y+4o B  
In sum, … GV)<Q^9  
In conclusion, … !zPG?q]3  
From this point of view, … ] 2DH;  
On account of this we can find that … 2^t#6XBk/  
The result is dependent on … ;})5:\h  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… D+~_TA  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… 7r|(}S  
　　2.句子连接 -(`OcGM'L  
　　(1)“启” Qn ^bVhG+  
in the first place at present t9& cE:n  
currently it goes without saying that .nYUL>  
lately first awvDe  
first of all now AtR?J" 3E  
presently firstly )}TLC 2%  
generally recently liR?  
in the beginning to begin with 9}
B`uJ  
to start with in general ;> m"x  
　　(2)“承” "cTncL  
after a few days after a while +(uYwdcN  
also at any arte 0!z@2[Pe66  
at the same time besides {0! ~C=P  
by this time certainly /7!""{1\\  
consequently for example _"4xKh)  
for instance for this purpose 7iJ&6=/  
from now on furthermore nhG J  
in addition in addition to… IVlf=k  
in fact in other words bCZ gcN  
in particular in the same manner /6O??6g  
incidentally indeed 9Lh|DK,nV/  
meanwhile moreover H3{GmV8  
no doubt obviously Jc)^49Rf  
of course particularly X7L8h'(@  
second secondly vK$"# F~  
similarly so 9 2MTX Osp  
soon still eMRar<)+#*  
then third S4witIK5  
thirdly truly +i\&6HGK;-  
unlike… what is more yfU<
UQ!1  
　　(3)“转” /~4"No@  
after all all the same &D%(~|'  
anyway at the same time (;. AS  
but by this time bVmAtm[  
conversely despite… `V[!@b:  
especially… fortunately ,Ma.V\T[  
however in other words bslrqUk_`=  
in particular in spite of… t>B^q3\q?  
in the same way likewise &h*S y  
luckily nevertheless e6=]m#O9  
no doubt not withstanding … +.RKi!  
on the contrary on the other hand tweY'x.{  
otherwise perhaps… A?G IBjs  
unfortunately unlike… Z%Z9oJ:  
whereas… yet IPuA#C  
nonetheless as a matter of fact 61U<5:#l  
(4)“合”
o`khz{SU:  
above all accordingly tgL$"chj@x  
as a consequence as a result ?}Z1(it0  
as has been noted as I have said 4Ij-Ilg)%  
at last at length X\p,%hk \  
by and large briefly wPbkUVO   
by doing so consequently %7Kooq(i  
eventually finally *zO&N^X.4  
hence in brief L]a`"CH:a$  
in conclusion in short wwKh CmH  
on the whole therefore W;?(,xx  
thus to speak frankly _<ut) G^9  
to sum up to summarize ?_\$  
indeed surely 4LI0SwD#^/  
to conclude obviously #G9 adK5  
certainly truly I[o*RKT'"  
r%Rs0)$yj  
常用句型 ashcvn~z  
Oc9#e+_&  
用于反驳性和比较性论文 Kex[ >L10G  
1. In general, I don’t agree with ;%J5=f%z)  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. <(@Syv )  
3. The chief reason why… is that… {5c]Mn"r  
4.There is no true that… X7UBopm&  
5. It is not true that… "rXOsX\;  
6. It can be easily denied than… IL7`0cN(  
7. We have no reason to believe that… Z.&\=qiY  
8. What is more serious is that… ]TO/
kl/  
9. But it is pity that… "$p#&W69"J  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… Vu0KtG9  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… dAx96Og:X"  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… Z+s%;f;  
13. Perhaps I was question why… 5,+\`!g  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… h -_&MD/J  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but ic6L9>[  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… A3P9.mur  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… }|8*sk#[  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… n1(?|aJ#1  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… ^Uw[x\%#gD  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… lpQP"%q  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … q/@dR{-  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. 7u11&(Lz  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. -@%%*YI>  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. kv|,b   
#*IVlchA"B  
用于描写图表和数据 &TN2 HZ-bJ  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. U
nl?fXI  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. ~2%3FV^
 
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. \&|CM8A  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. M$#sc`4*  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. `bgb*Yaod  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. NXoK@Y  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. z4Oo@3$\R  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. N)OCSeh  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. AqYxWk3>  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. {Bs+G/?o/  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… ]mkJw3  
?z.Isvn  
用于解释性和阐述性论说文 }""p)Y&  
1.Everybody knows that… Y}1P~  
2.It can be easily proved that… CyTF b$Z  
3. It is true that… `ut)+T V  
4. No one can deny that {g=b]yg\o  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… E`E'<"{Yd  
6. The chief reason is that… N du7nKG  
7. We must recognize that… &c^7O#j  
8. There is on doubt that… 2ij/N%
l  
9. I am of the opinion that… 0VG=?dq  
10. This can be expressed as follows; x-~-nn\O  
11. To take …for an example… wiV&
xl  
12. We have reason to believe that `1,eX)S  
13. Now that we know that… kgc.8  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… 'Kd7l}e!  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that [f(uqLdeM  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… E3tj/4:L  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… A:xb!= 2  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… -d_ 7* >m$  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… ORtg>az\%  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… 3:O+GQ*  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… !h/
dZ`#  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… e5qvyUJM  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… e@+v9Bs]q  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. #mTMt;x  
xOgq-@`  
用于文章的开头 a[JZ 5D  
1. As the proverb says… PIpWa$b  
2. It goes without saying tan… ZU^Q1}</5  
3. Generally speaking… , Z4p0M
 
4. It is quite clear than because… o] S`+ZcV  
5. It is often said that … ~q5-9{ma  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” |'@V<^GR  
7. More and more people have come to realize… W
=M< c@  
8. There is no doubt that… <JJkki  
9. Some people believe that… v(k*A:  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? =X<)5IS3  
11. One great man said that… LP8o7%sv!  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. &7lk2Q\  
13. In the past several years there has been… "&|lO|  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… @gY'YA8m  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… f};!m=b  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… XZ!cW=bqS  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … <&*#famX  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. 9k*^\@\\x  
fWqv3nY^  
用于文章的结尾 b^+Fs  
1. from this point of view… hw7~i  
2. in a word… ,K`E&hS  
3. in conclusion… sf<Q#ieTxY  
4. on account of this we can find that… k q/t]%(  
5. the result is dependent on… AfuXu@UZ_/  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: SxnIX/]J  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… QZ6[*_Z6  
8. to sum up … |;X?">7NW  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… 8  /5sv  
10. It is obvious that… z+y;y&P  
11. There is little doubt that… t$ACQ*
O  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful )w^GPlh  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. e4[-rkn{hl  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… ~R"]LbeY  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… +9Xu"OFm  
82G lbd)  
用于论证和说明 PU,6h}  
1. As it is described that…  muK'h`  
2. It has been illustrated that… z }FiU
[Hs  
3. It provides a good example of… yEMX`  
4. We may cite another instance of…
>X-e
d  
5. History man provides us with the examples of…
`@VM< av  
6. A number of further facts may be added… 7,) 67G;  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. 12%z3/i  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… s9ju/+fv  
9. According to the statistics provided … 0})7of  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… B,BOzpb(  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… tEpIyC  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… j?d;xj  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… Z`SWZ<  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… 35]j;8N:  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… =hZ&66  
16. All the facts suggest that… *_2O*{V  
17. No one can deny the fact that… }5TfQV6  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… 8|S1|t,  
yi AG' [  
[p:1]

给力