1955: Opening day1 [K[tL|EK
An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the 2"NRnCx*
Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the +}X?+Epm
park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, 0%}$@H5i
1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was tq?lF$mM:
held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests %lV&QQa
and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, (^Xp\dyZL
were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's L._I"g5 H9
friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald xUPM-eF=
Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it dh%C@n:B
was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event b/ 'fC%o,
did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation- Fm{Ri=X<:
only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads cg<10KT
nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 Oe^3YOR#j{
°C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking yEtS
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fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains AShJtxxa
or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated *4
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negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged ^M
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guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell gCgMmD=AZ
soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft ,y3o ,gl
that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas 75@){ :
leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland ?y'KX]/
to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over 9<W
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the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur RqXcL,,9
Carrousel A(W%G|+
The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited ]o_Z3xXUa
members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the q>%KIBh(
true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel Y1H8+a5@
for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as 7NMQUN7k'
【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin kG
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badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For @ ILG3"
example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago s,"<+80%
today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years, Disney did c7q1;X{:
officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the X +*@
park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as '73dsOTIT
"Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday IaH8#3+a
July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the :f ybH)*
first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson {tV)+T
with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre- 8*H-</ =
purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with S WVeUL#5
two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and cTHS Pr?<
Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a w W1aG
deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. 7UejK r
guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received
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【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded Q'~kWmLf
one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single Z%y>q|:
Disney-owned park in the world. V'#dY~E-P
W5 y. j: t6 G2 j7 \0 A+ Q! c2 h 5:Pp62
A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, Uy5IvG;O+
most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of 4!i`9w$$"
wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course Ah;2\0|t
for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for D!h8NZ;El
$400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a @ H=
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prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of n`2d
Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to 3xxQL,FV
his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was QzPq^
dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider
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across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the <|cnQj*
Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, q&Y'zyHLP
with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was ]>E*s3h
simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, :'91qA%Wr
and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th V&;1
n
century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th %obR2%
century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is Bw;sg;
toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the y >r7(qg
Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to j5,1`7\7B
public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be VR ^qwS/
taught.Evolving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the &PVos|G
Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000
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students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and )uC],CbW{
graduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of T$T:~8tK3
Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video 4
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learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available [bk2RaX:i
online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. t~ruP',~\
About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.! k 1rKKp h
! t+ V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s R*a5bKr
longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward- dU1w)Y
thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, ~T@t7Cg
who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth — `bT!_ Ru
the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established mbB,j~;^6H
the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a ^!^6 | [
trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in #N^TqOr
Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to students =M'M/vKD
regardless of gender, race, or age. The first Lowell lecture, on }P(RGKQZ"
geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor }/&Q\Sc
for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets .] mYpz
being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate c
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“courses” — which were lecture series on a single topic — 9zSHn.y
sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free cKuU#&FaV
lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. JLUG=x(dA
Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn .w2QiJ
a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying i{[=N9U5o
teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University qcMVY\gi
Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell L1=3_fO
surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated government scholar #:C;VAAp
A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by
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1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal :*bv(~FW
education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision dv=y,q@W
of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education h/~:}Bof
gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His "hwg";Z$n
first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later . K`OEdr<
became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of =B4,H=7Spf
“concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University Vp8t8X1`
Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new @sQ^6FK0G
history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry iEx.BQ+
out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.” kk]f*[Zi5
John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in ' >(])Oq,
the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all 1d/-SxhZ
around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find +5J "G/f
work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law $r`K4g
school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in \b{Aj,6,
Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury / hUuQDJ
litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of sYV7t*l
Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto (vte8uQe
County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12- aE}1~`
year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would
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have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He o
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proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, #Mo`l/Cwp
called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next JFaxxW
novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 `5 py6,
weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his _^4\z*x
wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian dz/'
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home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near ( Lj{V}^
Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time (]wi^dE
to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. ?wE@9g A
As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and Gd 0-}4S?
now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six ;9r
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ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League QX(x6y>Q
teams. :LRR\v0HM
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel? -_=0PW5{
A. A case of murder. /x.TF'Z*
B. A case of rape _3$@s{k-TI
C. His father’s experience }*Qd]\fy
D. His life on the farm .(o]d{ '-}
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ? zx^]3}
.It was popular at the time of publication 3oX%tx
It earned Grisham great fame. %VYQz)yW
C. It brought Grisham wealth HE&,?vioy
D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.3 y3 i6 L' Z& x.
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50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built 3{_A zL
ballfields on his property ________. !f_GR Pj'
答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the M<JJQh5
children PJj{5,#@3
My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality 5A 1oZ+C#
transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they Wu)ATs}
change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become FD(zj ^*
grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the O{8"f\*
other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents )6)|PzMQ'
’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s oTtmn,
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clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having <[C9F1]Ya
to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me Bp\io$(%
to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and ;a!o$y
dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays 4zghM<
When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full La%\-o
form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the DGY#pnCu
grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take U[d/`
two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite &n<jpMB
often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren Ary$,3X2
never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma 80$P35Q"
carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into Af=%5%
following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of 3sGrX"0D
candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear el!Bi>b9c!
while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the ,2JqX>On>Y
sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and hx4!P( o1
Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to qU8UKI P
bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly 9?D7"P+
active kids. dQM# -t4*
Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to |UnTd$m
forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily B0p>' O2
life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is v ;MI*!E
“developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, Oi
BK
she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house yE9JMi0
while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold ;YZw{|gsh
one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am N["c*=x
“impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa u
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smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive <eN>X:_N
love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty @mP@~
jealousies. TeqFy( Dr
6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author gY0*u+LF
______ . `m2F.
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A. feels jealous B. feels amazed 5mSXf"R^
C.thinks it unnecessary D. thinks it annoying Jq6p5jr"
7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets? ;k
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A. They get highly energetic. B. They quiet down.' e}[$ =
C. They want more sweets. D. They go to bed. !&Q,]\j
Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children? yrsP'th
A. They behave very well. &}T`[ d_Z
B. They like chocolate very much. SNK+U"Q
C. They receive toys from their grandparents. uU5:,Wy+dg
The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an .\U+`>4av
increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that Kq{s^G
many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. q,:\i+>K*
overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior 8 6L&u:o:
and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins m@zxjIwT
and gorillas(大猩猩), says a report in New Scientist./ D! K9 _: K5 D =z=Guvcn`
~% X e'\I^'`!M
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by <EBp X
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, V7lDuiAI
many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many /AMtT%91
ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they ;OdUH
are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations” q1?2
U<
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by CS"p[-0
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “ Upv2s:wa}z
many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on BV!Kiw
environmentally friendly policies and operations.” }VFSF/\^
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 U3z
a}3
percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. x(t}H8q
Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that y!v $5wi
although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land 4uu*&B
use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. k"sL.}$
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their +m+HC(Z
habitat by tourists and mongooses(蠓)have caught lung diseases from /4T%s
human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better <v2R6cj5
regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where .4^Paxz
visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model ]7VK&YfN
41. Ecotourism is meant to ______. ?&X6VNbU
A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife" jWoo{+=D
B.have wild species respond well to contact with human I+<`}
C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior de`6%%|
D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife F;_;lRAb
42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. J`x9XWYw
A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit t6"4+:c!>
B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices 4B> l|%
C. actually lack proper examination and official approval 3{_+dE"9
D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species CjST*(,b
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present @+2Zt%
"ecotourism" practice goes on? ~j4=PT
It will disturb their life. A%2!Hr
It will affect their health. # / 4Wcz<
C. It will increase their stress. Q3KBG8
D. It will threaten their survivalf es6e-y@e
45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem V*TG%V -
is to ______. bc"{ZL!C
A. encourage people to manage endangered species Qz<-xe`o8]
B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings^ \.{JS>!
C. help wild animals increase their fitness 6%'{Cq1DE
D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease /#
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答案 BDC BAA ACDB(仅供参考) ]MHQ"E?