医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 : N$-SV
一、肺 Lung C}Kl!
清晰 clear m}=E$zPbO
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows .1{{E8Fj
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings M~|7gK.m1
钙化灶 calcified b7Z o~Z
空洞 cavitation [x>Ju&))$
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) 6:Z8d%Z
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density KAFR.h:p9
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows mJ k\$/Kh
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density PMB4
]p%o
圆形致密影 a round density }shxEsq
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening LjG^c>[:m
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle L1/`/
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement !.$L=>:V
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion ^sLx3a
液气胸 hydropneumothorax x}?<9(nE c
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement o1$u;}^ |
肺门模糊 hilar haze sEdz`F
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density @3O)#r}\
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) NEri{qxm
阴影性状 shadow i!
?gga
淡的 haziness !sm/BsmL7T
云雾状 clouding HN{c)DIm]
线装 streaky 'YNdrvz
絮状 patcky !EB<N<P"t
结节状 nodular ;J 5z
块状 massive Lau@HYW0
粟粒状 miliary k5.5$<< T
融合状 confluent 2L^)k?9>g+
均匀的 homogeneous NFs 5XpZ~
二、心脏 Heart .Q*X5Fc
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement y!77gx?-
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta J/?Nf2L4
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart hJ'H@L7
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment ZYwcB]xEz
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery >0IZ%Wiz
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow vjGQ! xF
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement Z .6dL
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation \c}(rqT
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart .w9LJ
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta >M,oyM"s
心腰部 waist of heart +T+@g8S
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart n{;j
三、腹部平片 KUB film V)`2Kw
结石 calculus 1sQIfX#2f
钙化影 calcified shadow 0mY Y:?v
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern %a;#]d
液气平面 gas-fluid level i--t
?@#
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air ,fVD`RR(W?
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination }rTH<!j
胃肠造影 gastroenterography 200yN+ ec
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography qLN^9PdEE
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign }SN( ^3N
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) vT'Bs;QR
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine ;;Q^/rkC
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon @;Ttdwg#J
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time kN1MPd4Yh
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach Ccf/hA#mb
充盈缺损 filling defect tZrc4$D-
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds ^PksXfk
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) U@lc1#
球部激惹现象 irritable cap aER|5!7(2\
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) (!os&/",
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis $`=p]
蠕动消失 aperistalsis 3dShznlf_*
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation "n-'?W!
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon Y
4T")
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold # kI>
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold X>%nzY]m
五、胆道 bile tract =bC
+1
C
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography ^6 6!f 5^W
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography tiK?VwaKI
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography FB=oGgwwq
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) &[.5@sv
胆总管扩张dilated common duct 3KLUH=)P
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily `h}eP[jA
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately yTaMlT|
收缩功能 contractibility 2`yhxO
六、骨骼skeleton NGra/s,9|
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone
^-;S&=
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance +,Dc0VC?
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction WlL(NrVA@@
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) }E`Y.=
S
骨化 ossification ?}||?2=P
畸形 deformity -luQbGcT3
缩短 shortening , ,3lH-C
移位 displacement S"A
l[{
脱位 luxation p_r` "
半脱位 subluxation @xG&K{j
连接不正 malunion !U`&a=k
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture zVh yAf
多发性骨折 multiple fracture {%jAp11y+O
病理性骨折 pathological fracture 3F9V,zWtTi
关节间隙 joint space ~G@NWF?7
椎间隙 intervertebral space /iW+<@Mas
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage rOIb9:
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) 'Kelq$dn#
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis WR+j?Fcf
死骨 sequestrum J%|?[{rO{'
骨质坏死 bone necrosis >OG189O
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint AR"2?2<mJ7
关节强直 ankyloses F)P:lvp<r
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation 8jK=A2pTa
对线良好 good alignment $KcAB0 B8
对位良好 good apposition M-WSdG[AJ
七、泌尿系统 urological system eAHY/Y!
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) :J;U~emq
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography BD6!,
萎缩 atrophy |$.?(FZYu
移位 deformity (}#&HE<
扭曲 distortion ^}j~:EZb
充盈缺损 filling defect 2OG/0cP
狭窄 stricture r
#-
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone g |)>65v
八、X线检查位置 MmJM
x
前后位 anteroposterior projection jAQ{H
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection %p7
?\>
侧位 lateral projection `&;#A*C0
立位 upright position I0-1Hr
斜位 oblique projection L5hF-Ek!
3
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection K#FD$,c~
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection <5Vf3KoC&
前凸位 lordotic position projection DksYKv
轴位 axial position [gzaOP`f
头位 cranial projection ? [Yn<|
尾位 caudal projection d%EdvM|)