医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 ?bA]U:
一、肺 Lung jd'R2e
清晰 clear O:R{4Q*5
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows ^/,yZ:
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings |{"7/~*[
钙化灶 calcified Y>~zt -
空洞 cavitation OaWq8
MIZ-
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) 5E|2S_)G
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density EHj
he
z
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows |sAg@kM
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density ,"ZlY}!Gn
圆形致密影 a round density =
,]M$M
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening ^Y |s^N
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle 2G;d2LR:
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement nVD
YAg'
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion G8'3.;"W5
液气胸 hydropneumothorax h^,a 1'
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement
x$I>e
肺门模糊 hilar haze X=~QE}x
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density Bw[V K7
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) 9b6h!(
阴影性状 shadow ;<H2N0qJ(
淡的 haziness ;GSj}Nq
云雾状 clouding Tr)[q>
线装 streaky {wySH[V
絮状 patcky oef(i}8O@
结节状 nodular ?=&*6H_v
块状 massive C/G[B?:h
粟粒状 miliary fJKOuFK
融合状 confluent 9"TPDU7"
均匀的 homogeneous Sb.;$Be5g
二、心脏 Heart t[Q\T0E
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement 3(kZfH~
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta qS>el3G
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart &/p9+gd
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment 4j5plm=
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery KMa?2cJH#
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow LJ?7W,?
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement t [f]
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation TQE_zOa:
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart utv.uwfat
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta GmFNL/x8-v
心腰部 waist of heart E@p9vf->
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart &LE/hA
三、腹部平片 KUB film TD'1L:mv
结石 calculus WD<M
U ]
钙化影 calcified shadow L,$9)`j
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern P:G^@B3^
液气平面 gas-fluid level G"]'`2.m
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air {8eNQ-4I
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination gwyz)CUkL
胃肠造影 gastroenterography zrcSPh
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography
TeHR,GB
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign ]
'..G-
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) k2~j:&p
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine PM{kiz^
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon C.eZcNJG
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time @>?&Mw\c
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach k7? (IU
充盈缺损 filling defect |X>:"
?4t
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds =73wngw
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) HghNI
球部激惹现象 irritable cap V}&
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) N
G4wtDa
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis >Py=H+d!j
蠕动消失 aperistalsis mAz':R[
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation l78zS'
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon o}<}zTU
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold f5AK@]4G
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold e(sQgtM6
五、胆道 bile tract WL<Cj_N_{H
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography .hUndg
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography vV8}>
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography 0EOpK%{
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) tT'+3
胆总管扩张dilated common duct BDpeAF8z
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily 0GEK xV\F
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately HKV]Rn
收缩功能 contractibility nI&Tr_"tm
六、骨骼skeleton XDU&Z2A
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone z>~Hc8*]3
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance .M!HVq47m
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction ZdfIe~Oni
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) IZ"d s=w
骨化 ossification J"# o #~
畸形 deformity y]yp8
Bs+
缩短 shortening d
H]'&&M
移位 displacement vzG(u_,9[
脱位 luxation 6p])2]N>p
半脱位 subluxation X0O@,
连接不正 malunion B[}#m'Lv
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture a!vF;J-Zqa
多发性骨折 multiple fracture `L /\F,
病理性骨折 pathological fracture ?*){%eE
关节间隙 joint space Q)#+S(TG
椎间隙 intervertebral space QE1DTU
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage 2Ck'A0d
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) gq\ulLyOeZ
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis ,onOwPz
死骨 sequestrum bdEc?
骨质坏死 bone necrosis ]lV\D8#
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint Zl^#U c"
关节强直 ankyloses U=QfInB
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation w,f1F;!q1
对线良好 good alignment [<CIh46S.
对位良好 good apposition mWN9/+!
七、泌尿系统 urological system /i.3v45t"
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) 6HeZ<.d&
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography '@t}8J
萎缩 atrophy :!Ea.v
移位 deformity QU{
|S.\
扭曲 distortion >LS*G
qjq
充盈缺损 filling defect >,;,
6|S
狭窄 stricture `IN/1=]5
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone `0'Bg2'
八、X线检查位置 pH !e<m
前后位 anteroposterior projection ixJ%wnz
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection <e)5$Aj
侧位 lateral projection O{@m ,uY
立位 upright position :56f
斜位 oblique projection EdgcdSb7
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection Vm
+e%
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection /8](M5X]f
前凸位 lordotic position projection E6
glR
轴位 axial position &T"X
kgU5
头位 cranial projection )3 C~kmN7
尾位 caudal projection gpt98:w: