时态语态和语气的使用错误 /p| ]*={
1. 时态错误。 主要是指在一个句子中，出现不同的时态，从而造成时态不一致，如： He can’t remember what he once knows. ZRY s7 4<
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2. 语态错误。 在 cet6 综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。不及物动词不能带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。如： She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account. N~H 9 |CX
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3. 虚拟语态错误。 此类使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主语和从句的语气不协调，如： We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中动词 suggest 之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故“ is ”应该 “ be ”或“ should be ”。类似的动词还有 demand ， insist ， order 等等。 mgeNH~%m@*
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下面通过一些例题来进行具体讲解：
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例 1 BwO^F^Pr?k
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These newly wedded couples usually came here and meet 1.__________ $Oa} U3
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together to hold parties. ,Z
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由于前面的时态已经限制为过去时，而且 came 和 meet 是并列结构，两者时态应该保持一致，因此应该将 meet 改为 met ，或者将 came 改为 come ，具体情况依据上下文的语境时态而定。 qYj
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例 2 ?.#?h>MS{s
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Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding 7r#U^d (
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which products to emphasize now, which to develop 8"R; axeD
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for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________ .XR`iX Y
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本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now ， which to develop for the future 和 which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 dD@k{5
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例 3 /7 #KkMg
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In the first place, the scientist at once put some 490gW? u
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kind of material into the liquid which has already 1.__________ 46c7f*1l
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根据句子意思可知，此处的 liquid 不可能为动作的发生者，显然此处应该是被动语态，故应该将 has 改为 is 或者在 has 后加 been 均可，意思是指“已经安全获得的液体”。 & U\Xy +
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Did they gone there yesterday, they would have discovered 1.__________ ')_Gm{A#p
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根据句子意思可知，这句话是说如果他们昨天去了就会发现事实真相，然而他们并未去，此处是虚拟语气，因此应该使用虚拟语气的格式，将 Did 改为 Had 。 {6Tw+/`P
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练习题 R:S Fj!W1
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1 These small households were portraits of S^|Uz c
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independence: the entire family, mother, father, \ F=w~
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children, even grandparents live in a small house 0KqG J :Ru
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and working together to support each other. 1.__________ ^yDCX
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2 In the meantime the unscientific world awoke `-!t 8BH
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to the fact that scientists are on the track of a great 2.__________ vH_QSx;C#
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discovery. )f]E<*k'E
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3 For in 1895, the year of the Curie marriage, C;2!c
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Roentgen discovered the famous rays that are 3.__________ Nzj7e 1=
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X-rays. v!(B S,
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4 Mary hoped at one time to study at the University Y$SZqW0!/
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of Cracow, then under Austrian rule. But when she Cv{ >|g#
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demanded to allowed to attend science lectures, the 4.__________ B3
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secretary said that science was not a thing in which |x*~PXb
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women can meddle. AcV 2l
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5 Many part-time stu dents expected to offered some 5.__________ ?EF[OyE
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jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation. 71`)@y,Z,
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6 Many people who live in London think that life in Rn 6;@Cw
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a large city offered special advantages. 6.__________ "&(.Z (
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7 The changes that taken place in air travel during 7.__________ ktX\{g! U
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the 19th century. 4 cC
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8 I regret having left the work unfinished, I should tf?syk+jB7
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have plan every thing ahead carefully. 8.__________ cE (P^;7D
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in full at one time. fC6zDTis8A
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10 The Conestoga wagon, used for carry heavy loads 10.__________ c~1+5&
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over long distances, originated around 1725 in a region > 4 n\
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of Pennsylvania occupied by Conestoga Indians. 0 v7#vZ
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答案： 1 8*M
1. working→work。此句总体上讲述的是这些小家庭独立的掠影，而后半句解释到这些小家庭的成员生活在一起、工作在一起的情景，应该用一般现在时，和live保持一致。 qr$h51C&
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2. are→were。 :mYVHLmea
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3. are→were。 t,bQ@x{zVC
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4. allow前加be。“be allowed to do sth.”是“被允许作……”的意思。 o
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5. offered前加be。“offer”是及物动词，后面应该接双宾语结构，即“offer sb. sth.”而在该句中缺少成分而只有宾语补主语，应该将其改为被动语态，即“be offered sth.” * :kMv ;9
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6. offered→offers。 GQH15_
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7. taken前加have。 pw.K,?kYr
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8. plan→planned。 `s8o2"12
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9. kept→keep。 Z mc"
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10. carry→carrying。
