时态语态和语气的使用错误 3j w4# GW
1. 时态错误。 主要是指在一个句子中，出现不同的时态，从而造成时态不一致，如： He can’t remember what he once knows. F*=}}H /
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2. 语态错误。 在 cet6 综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。不及物动词不能带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。如： She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account. bOK0^$k
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3. 虚拟语态错误。 此类使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主语和从句的语气不协调，如： We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中动词 suggest 之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故“ is ”应该 “ be ”或“ should be ”。类似的动词还有 demand ， insist ， order 等等。 >RXDuCVi
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下面通过一些例题来进行具体讲解： d*Kg_He-
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例 1 mh8)yy5\
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These newly wedded couples usually came here and meet 1.__________ A'T: \Wl
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由于前面的时态已经限制为过去时，而且 came 和 meet 是并列结构，两者时态应该保持一致，因此应该将 meet 改为 met ，或者将 came 改为 come ，具体情况依据上下文的语境时态而定。 [u7i)fn5?
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例 2 rY]QTS">o
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for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________
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本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now ， which to develop for the future 和 which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 S3> <zGYk
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例 3 aX|LEZ;D>
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In the first place, the scientist at once put some a_o99l P
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kind of material into the liquid which has already 1.__________ ? 7R&=B1g
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securely obtained. */A ~lR|
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根据句子意思可知，此处的 liquid 不可能为动作的发生者，显然此处应该是被动语态，故应该将 has 改为 is 或者在 has 后加 been 均可，意思是指“已经安全获得的液体”。 Q7XlFjzcm
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例 4 {=
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Did they gone there yesterday, they would have discovered 1.__________ >
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根据句子意思可知，这句话是说如果他们昨天去了就会发现事实真相，然而他们并未去，此处是虚拟语气，因此应该使用虚拟语气的格式，将 Did 改为 Had 。 *1CZRfWI
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练习题 !TeI Jm/l
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1 These small households were portraits of %3mh'Z -[f
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independence: the entire family, mother, father, FgTWym_
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children, even grandparents live in a small house G'f5MP 1
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and working together to support each other. 1.__________ wi@Qf6(mn
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2 In the meantime the unscientific world awoke Q$8&V}jVW
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to the fact that scientists are on the track of a great 2.__________ 9N V.<&~
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discovery. ~NG+DyGa=
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3 For in 1895, the year of the Curie marriage, hD9b2KZv
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Roentgen discovered the famous rays that are 3.__________ Aqo90(jffx
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named after him--- he forerunners of modern OU'm0Jlk
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X-rays. IQeiT[TF
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4 Mary hoped at one time to study at the University -mw`f)?Ev
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of Cracow, then under Austrian rule. But when she u7l O2 C7
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demanded to allowed to attend science lectures, the 4.__________ .FC|~Z1T<F
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secretary said that science was not a thing in which OXI>`$we
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women can meddle. `G`y A %
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5 Many part-time stu dents expected to offered some 5.__________ U=PTn(2
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jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation. p0h E`!
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6 Many people who live in London think that life in Z
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a large city offered special advantages. 6.__________ " = 6kH,
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7 The changes that taken place in air travel during 7.__________ :Iuc H %6V
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the last sixty years would have seemed impossible RL3*fRlb
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to even the most Brilliant scientists at the turn of UE/JV_/S;
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the 19th century. i%[+ C
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8 I regret having left the work unfinished, I should "$ pbK:
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have plan every thing ahead carefully. 8.__________ Wf^ sl
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9 No bank kept enough cash to pay all its depositors 9.__________ 3!$ +N\ #w
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in full at one time. 6~Dyr82"B
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10 The Conestoga wagon, used for carry heavy loads 10.__________ P;o {t
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over long distances, originated around 1725 in a region 1Iy
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of Pennsylvania occupied by Conestoga Indians. /Ry% K4$
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答案： w^Yo)"6
1. working→work。此句总体上讲述的是这些小家庭独立的掠影，而后半句解释到这些小家庭的成员生活在一起、工作在一起的情景，应该用一般现在时，和live保持一致。 yo/;@}g}
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2. are→were。
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3. are→were。 |Q%P4S"B?
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4. allow前加be。“be allowed to do sth.”是“被允许作……”的意思。 | T$?vIG[
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5. offered前加be。“offer”是及物动词，后面应该接双宾语结构，即“offer sb. sth.”而在该句中缺少成分而只有宾语补主语，应该将其改为被动语态，即“be offered sth.” @;` 's
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6. offered→offers。 'I&0$<
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7. taken前加have。 -yBKA]"<I
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8. plan→planned。 ,\iHgsZ
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9. kept→keep。 &&9 |;0 <
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10. carry→carrying。
