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楼主  发表于: 2008-09-01   

该错题常考要点

该错题常考要点 GF'wDi}  
一、代词 `2~>$Tr  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 m7 =$*1k  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 h~MV=7 lE  
  主格、宾格、所有格 "n-'?W!  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) $Gn.G_"v  
THA9OXP   
(二) 反身代词 D HidI\*gT  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 &K)8  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) I$Nh|eM  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) B~Q-V&@o  
dj|5'<l 2  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  BxY t*b%  
    A                 B    g|=_@ pL  
  a series of indicators that could help ?Cq7_rq  
             C      W+XWS ,(  
  themselves to predict earthquakes.  )vr@:PE  
    D <O x[![SR  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 ]' mbHkn68  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 rCy b3,W  
Q aX.Av  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 bIKg>U'5d  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 &{iC:zp  
UNI< r  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies  idmU.`  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the fS]& ?$q  
     A   B      C          D D{|qP nE4  
  Pacific. ,m=F H?5  
~{c ?-qb  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 KuNLu31%  
U%{GLO   
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 Z1Qz LvWs  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: R^Rc!G}  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 Hg+<GML  
L aTcBcI  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined 77e*9/6@  
                       A   5'lVh/  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and 6K2e]r  
             B 2 a<\4w'  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. xh6(~'$  
   C       D .soCU8i3  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 A`c22Ls]  
#86N !&x  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important gv!8' DKn  
        A     ~z[`G#dU  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John `At.$3B  
   B        C      ,5'o>Y  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  6(|mdk`i  
      D ",r v%i2 f  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. @uSO~. 7  
Bz+oM N#XJ  
u#05`i:Z  
(四) Who和which的区别 sA0 Ho6  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 <J%qzt}  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 rcnH^P  
= XZU9df  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who ci,(]T +!  
              A            B "tEp8m  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. M-WSdG[AJ  
   C                  D ITPE2x  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 Zy0M\-Mn  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 % $BRQ-O  
" <bjS  
(五) that和which的区别 =dm9+ff  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 L K&c~ Uy  
P0N/bp2Uy  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it bGh&@&dHr  
              A        B ]dycesc'  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. zD_5TG M=  
      C              D e9acI>^w  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 ] 0i[=  
-e_fn&2,Y  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 01Jav~WR  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, '! >9j,BJ  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when ?Ld),A/c  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. kV-<[5AWW  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which QW..=}pL  
o!xCM:+J  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly s'O%@/;J  
              A         B   %6ckau1_;  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. 'm0WPS/6E  
         C      D GTs,?t16/  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 AB=%yM7V*  
^P^"t^O  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  Yjg$o:M  
  affected the way people in the United States----. 1@Ba7>%'  
   (A) living and working u7!gF&tA  
   (B) they live and work `!8\ |/  
   (C) live and work c coi  
   (D) to live and to work M:O*_>KF  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 TjpyU:R,&|  
'[r:pwE  
二、介词 zDg*ds\  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 CW;zviH5  
W{Qb*{9  
(一) 介词搭配 [,bJKz)a  
~U+<JC Z  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those y0O(n/  
    A         B   C      `&I6=,YLp  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. !fs ~ >  
                D JP!e'oWxi  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 +sJ{9#6  
3SM'vV0[  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. qX&+  
A       B     C  D [,&g46x22  
分析:B错改为be rich in +4J'> dr  
dLQp"vs$  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the lf\"6VIsR  
    A         B      C f$</BND  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. 06NiH- 0O  
             D .KYs5Qu  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 qV=O;  
ZyDf@(z`  
oCwep^P(v  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 2C0j.Ib  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 %AV3eqghCg  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. zt((TD2  
          A      B  C     D /3+E-|4s  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 XffHF^l9F  
bil>;&h  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has 6o #J  
                 A  B     3b?-83a  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on -8:O?]+Q/  
      C ABE EJQ  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. i(u zb<  
      D D9(4%^HxV1  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 ,g P;XRe1  
(^=kV?<  
2、介词by Pi&\GMzd  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by p<VW;1bt5  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing 4yu=e;C wy  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States EY1L5 Ba.  
    A         B       xAsy07J?  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. esTK4z]  
   C     D IxP$ lx  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 XF4NRs  
I7ySm12}  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils a 8jG')zg  
   A                      |qk%UN<  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to D@mqfi(x  
     B    C       D ,g)9ZP.F  
   supply moccasins and field rations. V[| k:($  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 Z*5]q h2r8  
g.EKdvY"%H  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with ?y{"OuRf.  
        A                k.0pPl  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements TLzcQ|  
        B          C   *Oe;JqQkK  
  that are often represented at symbols. PJcz] <  
              D Y wM;G g3  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 qoD M!~  
三、谓语动词 ~R W6;  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 \RP=Gf  
①、主谓分割原则 ~oBSf+N  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, t #g6rh&  
     A     /9yA.W;  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. =mk7'A>l  
        B      C      D `S7${0e  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 kjW`k?'s  
7" cgj#  
②、与后者一致原则 dQFx]p3L  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, xF{<-b  
not only…but also ex2*oqAdX  
)Nq$~aAm  
G#0 4h{  
③、与前者一致原则 3'6>zp  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, 7<?v!vQ}-  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 O@_)]z?jUc  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and FyQ^@@  
     A      B  C     lBTgI"n=eK  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. !NYc!gYD  
         D ;comL29l2`  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is #,qikKjt2  
n/UyMO3=  
④、就近原则 I#f<YbzD  
or, either…or, neither…nor, 4//Ww6W:  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are gzHjD-g-<  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is ]}G (@9  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 {{=7mbc  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 Hj;j\R >2  
f.'o4HSj  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are )mZ`j.  
        A      B        B69NL  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. Z!|nc.  
    C              D Jo h&Ay  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 R{6.O+j`  
-D.6@@%Kc}  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 Cl>'K*$F  
There are five apples that are red. "v~w# \pz7  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 Ctt{j'-[  
)kgy L,9  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets !OWV* v2  
      A            D@4hQC\  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. 1/w['d4l!  
   B   C    D } "y{d@  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 FJ>| l#nO  
lcIX l&  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 ~"}-cl,  
The rich are not always happier than the poor. c+|,2e 0T  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 bEy j8=P;  
p#J}@a  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 g4j?E{M?  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况:  i)8,u  
a. there be 句型 D,1S-<  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 WZ"x\K-;  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 k9WihejS  
P",~8Aci(  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. zj`!ZY?fv  
   A     B      C    D    jcOxtDTSW  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is A'6>"=ziP  
i>q]U:U  
qV^,muyoG  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific Gv6EJV1i  
             A     B    3MiNJi#=2  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 q}tLOVu1  
     C         .v0.wG  
  miles in width. y$#mk3(e~t  
     D  "D fvoQP  
分析:倒装句,are改为is _~=X/I R  
"F}a nPY  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and 44mYs`]  
   A    B       C         E,u@,= j  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film >Ex\j?  
                    D \qi=Us|=  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. 4U~[ 8U}g  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 j!qO[CJJ  
^zO%O653  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 9eH(FB  
fifty percent of + 名词 ) #9/vIQ  
one percent of + 名词 Elh: %dr Q  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: 'kL> F&|  
  one percent of my students + are 9L]x9lI;  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. j$n[; \]n  
Wb68")$  
这里要强调两个结构 uqnoE;57^  
half of =fifty percent |k{?\(h;  
most of + 可数名词 + are OTl\^!  
most of + 不可数名词+ is KaZ*HPe(  
{Fta4D_1N  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been W0K&mBu  
   A       B         C   3YR6@*!f/  
  found in central and eastern Canada. s3W35S0Q3  
           D sF C&DTb?  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 d>M&jSCL  
MP-A^QT  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized Ge8&_7  
                 A   B  xiX~*Zs  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. & %ej=O  
              C     D 4^1{UlCop  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 S&Q1Ky^  
d7g/s'ZHt6  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 Pwt4e-  
①、主要考察时间状语 1uG?R  
U59uP 7n  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. ? g&6l0 n`  
   A        B  C     D |Vs| &0  
+*WE<4"!6  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was Is` S  
rteViq+|.  
H'-Fv!l?  
②、For和since的区别 ps[TiW{q;  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 mHE4Es0  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 hun L V8z  
  I has been a teacher for three years. f&bY=$iff  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. s[ )2z3  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 Z'6 o$Xv  
!!E_WDZ#9  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became o^wj_#ai$  
   A      B              |j&u2DM~#m  
  the primary responsibility of the president. `9B xDp]I  
     C    D ])!|b2:s3  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 %4Ylq|d  
J xi>1  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of ?d%+85  
             A  B  C   81 V,yq]  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. }UMg ph:2:  
            D e2*0NT^R  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 lSC3m=4g  
BoG/Hd.S  
T9jp*  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  *Af]?-|^{#  
   A       B        C     D ;J r6  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live z{bMW^F  
Bs =V-0  
(三) 谓语的语态 c!T^JZBb  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 @4^5C-  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: quN7'5ZC[  
①、prove E `Ualai  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 xY(+[T!OF  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动;  g2L  
fc._*y#AS  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming \)eHf 7H  
                      A   -Cd4yWkO  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be cR}}NF  
    B                  C qe 4hNFq  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. W:O<9ZbQ_  
                  D %E?:9. :NJ  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 }X$ vriW  
#QXv[%k  
0){%4  
②、Locate,Situate {S%)GvrT  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 >F8&wh'BjY  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 /D`M?nD7  
这两个词也可以用作被动 MVg`6&oH  
  My school was located near the river. <*0MD6 $5  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 H$KE*Wwq  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. t;Jt+k~  
   (A)locates u><ax  
   (B)locating 6#T?g7\pyR  
   (C)to locate [6V'UI6  
   (D)is located F +*>q  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 WLiY:X(+|  
B, xrZs  
③、表示需要概念的动词 7IBm(#  
need, want, require等 )PL'^gR r  
Bjml%  
My watch needed repairing &~pj)\_  
My watch needed to be repaired. ,a?)#X  
!s.G$ JS<  
④、表示人的情感的动词 |(}uagfrd  
move, annoy, surprise, please等 $qD8vu )|j  
}1TfKS]m>  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 CWE jX-  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 .2Q`. o)  
Ptzha?}OZ  
主动和被动技巧总结: $ 8_t.~q  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 4S  2I]d  
zF;}b3oIo  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the L}nj#z4g  
                 A      T=VVK6Lc:  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, vnk"0d.  
                 B gwThhwR  
  power structures, and flood-control works along zVxiCyU  
                    C dLD"Cx  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. aP8Im1<A  
                D m4 E 6L  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 IL3,dad'^  
5zpk6FR$  
四、非谓语动词 m{pL< g^M  
zq4,%$y8|  
(一) 分词 L$ ]D&f8:  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 dAEz hR[ =  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 +/\.%S/  
.w$v<y6C  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then .Yha(5(  
   A l#:=zu  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. i`2Q;Az_P6  
     B      C            D d#ld*\|  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning S wC,=S  
wjS3ItB  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 &`@,mUi{Ac  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in Ug_zyfr  
      A               B   mWmDH74  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. B'yN &3  
               C         D rxP^L(q0*  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living S`0@fieOf  
bXJ,L$q   
((.PPOdJV  
一些动词后面必须用doing v{JCEb&wN  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 Kwh3SU=L}  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, G92=b *x/  
 advocate, suggest Qx.E+n\  
 delay, quit mXhr: e  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, JG/sKOlA  
 avoid, escape(逃避) H7l[5 ib  
 spend+名词+doing; q#OLb"bTr  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing =@3Qsd  
~0/=5 dC  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their *:YW@Gbm  
   A     B    C              D 3kKXzIh  
  crops. :dLS+cTC  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 2a? d:21 B  
kx'6FkZPIr  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, Gc@ENE f  
               A        B N.&)22<m9  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. VJ;'$SYx  
        C          D c!kbHZ<Z  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing M.|hnGX N  
s[xdID^3.  
(二) 不定式 BJW;A>@Pj  
A. 动词不定式的省略 oO= 6Kd+T  
①、help后面可以省略to (5Cm+Sy  
  help do 4[Oy3.-c  
  help sb. to do *Ru Uf  
r-'j#|^tz  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid y#x]? %m  
              A      B   8dL(cC  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. bZtjg  
         C     D D, 3x:nK  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 $9hOWti  
8.9S91]=  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 =&}dP%3LC)  
  make, kyY tL_SD  
  let, IClnh1=  
  have sb. do sth lT$A;7[  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. qU=$ 0M  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians s6KZV@1  
        A               B #kV= ;(lq  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. F!SmCE(0x  
   C     D \/lS!+~'']  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know V1"+4&R^T_  
]2Lwd@  
③、感官动词 A\z[/3& RK  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe 3YRhqp"E  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 =\_MJ?A$  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 .\1XR  
.!=g   
30F&FTW  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 |yQ3H)qB#  
(1)表示第一人 c: #1Aym  
the first woman to do sth. BU])@~$  
h4.ZR={E  
(2)表示迫使的动词 Q=w\)qJ  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do v\f 41M7D  
WXXLD:gxI  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis f3 *u_LO  
     A                 B    &a-:ZA@  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. |QxDjL<&t4  
       C           D PsLuyGR.<  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 AA yzT*^  
#9p{Y}2#  
Ok O;V6`  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 G|X1c}zAL  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 L42C<  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 .qF@ }dO  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 PZH]9[H  
  be apt to do D<Ads  
zD2B hta y  
(4)表示目的的名词, 7kG >s9O  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 nG{j x_{`  
固定的句式: /koNcpJ  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. 9k2HP]8=[{  
the objective 目标 'J]V"Z)  
aim _Z5l Nu  
goal 8pt;''  
reason理由 RR^I*kRH  
function功能 Qh)@-r3  
intension意图 r~TiJ?8I  
y&9v0&o  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing c?b?x 6 2  
                       A  WB $Z<m :  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. <E6]8SQE  
           B          C     D j:$2 ,?|5  
分析:the function to provide, A错 >RE&>T^8  
=4+UX*&i?.  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure 4$d|}aj H  
                  A       `;5UlkVZ5  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds ?nj _gL  
     B  t3v*P6  
  that make up various components of a living cell. w0tlF:Eg  
    C    D Ri aO`|1  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 ~>xn9vb=  
Lm:O vVVB  
(5) 其他同根名词 hG&RGN_<6+  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 XC0G5rtB  
 attempt to do 企图 qmO Gsj`#  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 kH1l -mxz  
 ambition, ?GB($D=Y'&  
 be ambitious to do  E)H8jBm6w  
 effort 9BNAj-Xa  
7:{4'Wr@6|  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation aW4tJN%!  
  A                    B   z=BX-)  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. DU]MMR  
          C       D 2,q^O3F  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 PFUb\AY  
1Qhx$If~  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great \TC&/'7}  
  A                   B   ;QREwT~H  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. ?ti7iBz?  
       C            D eV1O#FLbi  
分析:efforts to register, C错 4#;rv$ {  
RyIr_:&-~  
')Ozz<{  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 G/2@  Mn-  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 Rj+}L ~"  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. S;i^ucAF  
1fViW^l_  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 n_.2B$JD  
I am glad to see you. u2JkPh&!rq  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. .Z'CqBr[:  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. =qCVy:RL4  
X OJ/$y  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 |K aXek  
It is difficult to decide. `$G7Ia_ $]  
;T-i+_  
zRsT6u  
五、句子的结构 _ nS';48  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 7s<v06Wo  
1PjSa4  
(一) 主语的重复 #wx0xQ~,J  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 1nBE8 N  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any T>kJB.V:oQ  
          A      B      aNv6 "  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the j 7a;g7.  
          C          D q fadsVp  
  League of Nations. Fr/8q:m &  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 a!Z,~ V8  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson ,UH`l./3DX  
xfos>|0N  
xg. d)n  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are 3/}=x<ui  
        A        B  NZi5rX N  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. qB<D'h7  
    C         D '`/1?,=  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 _S2QY7/  
+ 5sT GNG  
(二)谓语的重复 XZ Z Ml  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 I&Yu=v/_  
]Ol@^$8}  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  !<((@*zU  
    A            B    ]*[S# Jk  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. 'u_'y  
         C   D rguC#Xt!4  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 S-.!BQ@RMZ  
@"'1"$  
(三)谓语的缺少 N}>`Xm 5'  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body  p&:R SO  
          A     B    X/2Xr(z"k  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. t}_qtO7>  
         C               D i7cMe8  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 3~a!h3.f  
#^yw!~:{  
(四)主句的重复 ]{.rx),  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 M:Xswwq  
7evE;KL  
 x)THeH@  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite h&NcN-["  
      A         B        C   C;G~_if4PR  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. ZK{VQ~  
     D B~jl1g|  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 g=o)=sQd  
^r}^-  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow zw7=:<z=  
        A   B       j'X]bd'  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. Nt$/JBB[$  
      C    D $X WJxQRUv  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 0p*(<8D}  
`:}GE@]  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided vd9l1"S  
   A                     B  j42U|CuK  
  names for towns, only George Washington UStZ3A'  
      C ,l.O @  
  is remembered in the name of a state. " <m)Fh;  
          D 2%rAf8=  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 IgG@v9'  
六、比较级和最高级 M})2y+  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 O<)"k j 7  
!FA^~  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 [8^j wnAYS  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which z<m,Xj4w  
      A               zq8 z#FN  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. >C*q  
     B       C           D kC!7<%(  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 4["$}O5  
HZ>Xm6DnC5  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 0"ZB|^c=  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. yLW iY~Fd  
     A      B     C  D \(cu<{=rU  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 "c\ZUx_i6  
ullq}}  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere :y"Zc1_ E  
     A       B     C   D erdWGUfQOe  
  is the grizzly bear. 2w$o;zz1  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 !}9k @=[  
Z h)Qq?H  
CKNC"Y*X  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 1,p7Sl^h  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 xm6=l".%z  
5sao+dZ"|  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with N32!*TsWs  
   A           B  HC@E&t  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. q=M!YWz  
   C                 D ~gNa<tg"1  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 6#MIt:#  
<T>C}DGw  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 E EEYNu/4/  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as : P>Wd3m  
:rnn`/L  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 :EJ+#  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 h\Ck""&  
the taller boy JK4vQWy  
t4R=$ km  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 U iqHUrx  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed OGw =e{  
          A            B .S>:-j'u  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is dE=4tqv-r  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. R *lJe6  
    C          D +@ga  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they v) mO"\  
^ a#Vp  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 &k*sxW'  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, "q5Tw+KCfu  
  A  B         C     y=_8ae}aD~  
  the Navajos form largest group. oswS<t{Z  
         D 4loG$l+a1  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 'B ocMjRA  
0l=g$G \%  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, G9J+D?'hH  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language x PoI+,  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the Z+! ._uA  
sDA&U9;  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many 4+qoq$F</  
            A      B         C $a|C/s+}7>  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. D=uU:7m  
            D ^EY^.?Mg  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 7< ;87t]]  
is @8x!c  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the {}!`v%z  
例如:my best friends &qKJN#NM@  
8D7 = ]  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial I,J*\)-%J  
            A    B     C (|H1zO  
  and banking center. &!7{2E\7C  
        D ig|o l*~  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 ^UTQcm  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 do0;"O0 (  
2w6 y  
Ovu!G q  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary $]O;D~  
                 A         !U,W; R  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. x`:zC#  
    B   C     D B+W 4r9#  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 &)Y26*(`  
]3UEju8$  
七、平行结构  }?^V9K-  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 \Nd8,hE  
'Bul_D4B  
<i}lP/U  
(一) 对等连接词 6%N.'wf  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 #bk[Zj&  
单一式: and, or ,but Cbw@:+% J{  
相关式: both…and, not … but, :mOHR&2xR%  
     either …or, neither…nor t\& u  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as q0* e1QL  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, YXe L7W  
没有so...as... 9UF ^h{X  
between…and, ^Yu<fFn  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also >SS YYy  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, kTJz .  
~o"VZp  
短语式: as well as 7;]n+QRfm  
     rather than (而不是) 'x'.[=;  
     other than (除…之外) TCb 7-s  
     instead of (代替) ^P)W/2  
tXZE@JyuC  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 uU+R,P0  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  g>g]qQ  
       A     B   iA=QK u!  
  but he is now living in Detroit. @(k}q3b<  
       C   D f8Z[prfP  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 P;B<R"  
EMe3Xb `  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics km%c0:  
       A         B ! };OL Q  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford }@+3QHwYU  
  remained active in city and regional planning. '{e9Vh<x  
          C    D  n2e#rn  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 ihv=y\Jt  
(二)平行的内容 Rv-`6eyAA  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 701mf1 a  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of QL_vWG -  
             A         B   gL)l)}#  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, X`,=tM  
         C            D O %x <  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. 9FGe (t <  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 *9XKkR<r  
r)4GH%+?fv  
%3Ba9Nmid  
第二、名词单复数的平行 ]RBT9@-:U  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行  BVJ6U[h`  
}jfOs(Q]  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail, n8FmIoZ&`  
  A     B          C   C i?BJ,  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. eNQQ`ll@m  
                 D   rAv)k&l  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 3Ygt!  
'<$!?="  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, uPbGQ:%}  
                   A         B g -4m.;  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. b6]MJ0do  
      C          D M/d6I$~7z  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have UPE9e    
EuJ_UxkG  
第三、时态的平行 \me'B {aa  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated >.xg o6  
                A     '5f6 M^}|2  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops VZhHO d  
                   B z1AYXW6F  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. p;x3gc;0  
          C    D (#)-IdXXO<  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 /b;GC-"v  
*WQl#JAr  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- [( O *W  
  spread from its home in Central America and  BH<jnQ  
  now grows throughout the tropics. qQ{i2D%)?f  
   (A) to be    (B) it   ;_nV*G.y#^  
   (C) the     (D) its &{R]v/{p]  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? fZ6-ap,u  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow Vlf=gP  
{0~xv@ U  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- 'CfM'f3uu  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. {L#+v~d^'n  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised -Uo"!o>x|  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised -qDM(zR  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 e.n*IJ_fz  
aSEzh7 8  
第四、排列位置的平行 g.:b\JE`  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. qrLE1b 1$  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode R)Y*<Na  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  P. >5`^  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes [$]Kp9YD  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes $%Kyz\;7/  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 Mv1V Vk  
'7ps_pz  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: ';J><z{>  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 rv2 6vnJy"  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 6<`tb)_2~  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 %AV[vr,  
{[tx^b  
八、词序的颠倒 rE5q BEh  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 |\# 6?y[o  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 F8En )#  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage JZom#A. dt  
              A    B         #-^y9B  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. c)Ep<W<r1  
      C       D    ;z3w#fNMv  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 %7n(>em  
iL\eMa  
n| [RXpAp3  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 5.o{A#/NTl  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only 3B6"T;_  
          A      B     mvV5X al  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. !3J YG  
    C         D n+94./Mh  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 XL2iK)A  
qFwJ%(IQ  
\Bg?QhA_D  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 Ix1[ $9  
^a?H "  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were tiHP? N U  
          A   B     C   lWe1Q#  
  in what is now the United States. GT(nW|v  
    D f6O5k8n  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 0{'%j~"  
_WeN\F~^  
所有的系动词分为三大类: d%C :%d  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, ZA! yw7~  
    is, remain, keep, stay, v<SCh)[-p  
    lie, exit(表示位于) @2eV^eO9  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 I nCo[ 8SI  
    become, turn, grow, DD(K@M  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) wO&2S-;_K  
rh%-va9  
第三种,感官动词 #'?gMVSk  
    seem(好像是) Y#[>j4<T  
    look(看起来好像是) oY$ L  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste Y\pRk6,  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 /H m), 9NN  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe G"._]3 CPF  
    A               B     YR$ )yl  
   to cause numerous deaths. #vnJJ#uI|>  
        C   D  ?5yj</W  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 4X^{aIlshk  
?*ni5\y5o  
九、词性的混用 y!;PBsU%Sx  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 3jG #<4;J  
*[MK {m  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 ])YGeY(V0+  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; |>2IgTh1a  
[Q+qu>&HB7  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high z%pD3J?>  
          A        B      }Cy S_Tc  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and :1O1I2L0  
              C M zbs #v0  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. ZJ7<!?6  
          D (3;dtp>Xx  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) W6>SYa  
d'yA"b]  
uKBSv*AM  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 V>2mz c  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 7w U$P  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds nvdo|5  
         A       B      t Kik)ei  
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to 8sV_@<l<X  
          C        K[XFJ9  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. p`i_s(u  
            D _E{hB  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 HcrI3 v|6  
T|c9Swu r  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, L,XWX8  
            A       /<Doe SDJ|  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of NNt,J;  
      B      C 4ZZ/R?AiK  
   urban Black people in the United States. 2eOde(K+  
   D j3W)5ZX  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 BK_x5mGu3  
#h 4`f  
$1CAfSgKw  
####(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 _TRO2p0  
表示时间有两种可能, r=" wd  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 zLs[vg.(  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, l1|z; $_z  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 zlh}8Es  
jZm57{C#*?  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence 95,{40;X7  
       A     B     |$r|DX1[  
  were made while the American Civil War. @+v;B:  
   C    D T4\F=iw4  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 1|L3} 2  
4No!`O-!&  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the *S).@j\{W  
   A      B           C    LDJ=<c!  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. 0YsC@r47wL  
          D He4sP` &I  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 ^oFg5  
V}l >p?  
c1IK9X*  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 }ug|&25D  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 ^AWM/aY  
)+[{MR '  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social %bnDxCj"  
                   A     QD0upYG  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. > Xq:?}-m2  
     B   C    D ! K~PH  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 Rx$5#K!%M  
Z2Bl$ \  
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples %y~=+Sm%m  
   A        B   C      GM6Y`iU  
  easily under the stress of compression. 3A_7R-sQ  
   D 2\ /(!n  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 C3af>L @}  
Y`QJcC(3  
W@w#A]  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 L Ty [)  
)1a3W7  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine y< hIXC  
    A         B ;T!mNKl  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. 8t!/O p ?  
          C            D !GcH )  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 @x">e][B  
*<2+tI  
RsS?ibozl  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, oc,a  
         A !tGXh9g  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. ]<mXf~zg  
   B      C      D Vkdchc  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 v V:eU-a  
9u/"bj  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 yz!j9 pJ  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; N=&~3k  
two hundred diligent students
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