填空题常考结构 w|K'M?N14
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一、主句单一原则 \D*KGd]M0
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 ^LoUi1j
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 @emK1iwm
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例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. %D\[*
(A) They occur where they are T?ZRiR)@
(B) Occuring where z`f(
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(C) Where they occur EVsC >rz
(D) Where do they occur Lh!J >
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 $QN"wL||
C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 H4&lb}
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例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center |B.Y6L6l
(A) Fort Wayne <7/R,\Wg~
(B) Although Fort Wayne $5aV:Z3P
(C) For wayne is in MOQ*]fV:
(D) Fort Wayne, in \`~Ly-
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。 S2sQOM@
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二、谓语动词专一原则 L*xhGoC=
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 7)`nD<j5
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 Lo{
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例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” B~MU^|v
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with '3/4?wi
social issues. {6|38$Rl
(A) covers .o(fe\KHf
(B) covers it _n0CfH.v
(C) which covers yVU^M?`#
(D) which it covers @ym v< Mo
分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句 >JHryS.j$4
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例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused Elcj tYu4
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on _mqL8ho
the paper. -`*a'p-=
(A) the impression is O,{6*[)@
(B) if the impression is SoW9p^HJ
(C) impressions EH+"~-v)ae
(D) the impression XRM_x:+]
分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。C为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词is的数不一致,故也排除。因此选择D,caused.... 修饰impression F~R;n_IJ
三、平行结构 0fb2;&pUa
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。 QO<jI#
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: l+xX/A)
A and B, pnl{&<$C%C
A , B, and C E:UW#S%A
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例1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- ?AK(|
is known as accounting. a#cCpE
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary B]nEkO'a:
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's ?ZV/U!y
transactions a@_4PWzF:
(C) transactions of an enterprise are Uf:`
summarized ,Xu-@br{
(D) summarizing the transactions of an b1(T4
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enterprise NO*u9YH?
分析:空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。 Rvqq.I8aC
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 &jS>UsGh
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例2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed
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ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and Lu?C-
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supervised the first use of Aureomycin on nD_GL
human patients. -$pzl,^ h
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in ;,hwZZA
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures >nJ\BPx
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures XQY#716)
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull \o z#l'z
fractures 6hno)kd{=
分析:空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 iN bIp"W
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四、宾语从句结构 "IZa!eUW
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 {j{u6i
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: $h+1u$po
state(陈述,表明)+that QVv#fy1"6
indicate(指明,表明)+that \Z?9{J
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例1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, n4O]8C'lW9
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite q_MPju&*
units called quanta or photons. W/=.@JjI
(A) energy that &agWaf1%a
(B) that it is energy 'f#{{KA
(C) it is energy K%,2=.
(D) that energy @D]5c ivm_
分析:空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句,故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此D正确。 <ykU6=
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例2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth D@,6M#SK
indicate--yield when unusual weight is OTvPU kp*
placed on them. &DS/v)]
(A) although its crust and mantle yks__ylrl(
(B) its crust and mantle to ?U%qPv:
(C) that its crust and mantle B?OFe'*
(D) for its crust and mantle to Z]A{ d[
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B)使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 !eGC6o}f
五、介词+ which结构 h8x MI
许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 _F4Ii-6
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, ,cXD.y
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 ~Z -Vs
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, 2% MC Yn
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 ;d@#XIS&-(
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例1:In the United States, a primary election is FDv<\2+ c
a method ---- voters select the nominees GiJ *Wp
for public office. I!ED?n
(A) that mbKZJ{|4s
(B)by which nxO"ua
(C)is that bYc
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(D)by those ,A9]CQ
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除C和D。 'I`&Yo~c9
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰method是不通的。 R
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B是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….);正确
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例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players ~b(i&DVK
hit wooden balls through wire arches called bc*X/).
wickers. vXev$x=w-
(A) when b
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(B) which %9
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(C) is when hMa]B*o/-
(D) in which W}nlRbN?
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。但是到底是选择B还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择D, 关系代词which 前应该有介词。 l\f*d6o
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